wABULAR  viev/s 


OF 


M 


NlvcRSA! 


TABULAR  VIEWS 


OF 


UNIVERSAL  HISTORY 


A  SERIES  OF  CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLES  PRESENTING. 
IN  PARALLEL  COLUMNS,  A  RECORD  OF  THE  MORE 
NOTEWORTHY  EVENTS  IN  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE 
WORLD  FROM  THE  EARLIEST  TIMES  DOWN  TO  1890. 


COMPILED    KY 


G.  P.  PUTNAM.  A.M. 


AND       COXTIN'UED      TO     DATE       I!Y 

LYNDS  E.  JONES 


G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS 

NEW    YORK  LONDON 

27  WEST   TWENTY-THIRD  ST.         27   KIN(.   WILLIAM   ST.     STRAND 

Jbt  Jmiciurbochrt  [)tts;i 
1890 


CO  I'V  RIGHT     1S90 
BV 

G.  1'.  PUTNAM'S   SONS 


URL 


PREFACE. 


This  clironology  of  historical  events,  originally  compiled  by  the  late  George 
P.  Putnam  and  forming  a  part  of  his  comprehensive  cyclopedia  on  "The 
World's  Progress,"  has  been  carefully  revised  and  brought  down  to  the  present 
time,  and  it  is  now  issued  in  a  separate  form  in  the  trust  that  every  one  who 
needs  at  his  elbow  a  convenient  manual  of  dates  may  find  his  requirements 
satisfied  in  this  volume.  To  teacliers  especially  it  is  hoped  that  it  may  prove 
an  important  aid  in  imparting  instruction.  They  more  than  all  others  ap- 
preciate tlie  difficulty  of  permanently  fixing  in  the  mind  the  exact  time  of 
great  occurrences,  and  tltey  should  accordingly  value  any  means  of  lessening  that 
difficulty.  Suclr  a  means,  it  is  thought,  is  found  in  tlie  arrangement  here 
adopjted  of  placing  in  parallel  culumns  on  facing  pages  the  events  occurring 
throughout  the  world  at  about  the  same  period  of  time.  This  calls  in  the 
powerful  assistance  of  association  in  enalding  tlie  memory  to  grasp  and  retain  a 
hold  of  important  dates  by  showing  at  a  glance  simultaneous  occurrences  in 
other  countries.  It  also  helps  in  teaching  tlie  lesson  that  the  history  of  any 
one  nation  is  only  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  world  ;  and  that  the  proper  way 
to  study  true  history  is  to  follow  the  progress  of  the  people  scattered  over 
the  face  of  the  globe,  and  not  of  a  fragmentary  few  gathered  into  one  corner 
of  it. 

The  most  distant  events  are  naturally  the  i)nes  it  is  the  most  difficult  to  place 
with  positive  certainty.  Egyptian  history  goes  the  furthest  back  of  any  known 
to  us,  and  more  light  has  been  thrown  upon  its  early  days  by  recent  research 
than  upon  that  of  any  other  country.  Vet  to-day  autliorities  still  differ  as  to 
the  time  of  the  foundation  of  its  first  dyna^ty  by  as  wide  a  margin  as  i,5(XJ 
years  (l)Unsen,  3,600  1>.C.  ;  Mariette,  5,000  !>.(_-'.).  In  this  condition  of  di)ui)t 
it  has  been  deemed  wise  to  take  a  conservative  estimate  and  tlie  chronology  of 
Drugsch  and  Duncker  has  therefore  been  follnwed.  The  chronolu^y  of  Pi^hop 
1/ slier  is  now  so  universally  discredited  by  Piblical  scliolars  as  well  as  l)y  otlier 
students  that  it  has  been  entirely  discarded,  and  Hebraic  history  has  been 
begun  ^\ith  the  introduction  of  monarchy  among  the  jews,  the  earliest  event  in 
their  career  that  can  be  fixed  with  any  approximate  degree  of  accuracy.  Other 
occurrences  in  the  t\\'ilight  jieriod  of  liistory,  to  which  custom  has  assigned 
arbitrary  date-,  have  i)cen  omitteil  as  of  too  mythical  a  cliaractrr  anil  of  too 
uncertain  a  time  to  be  recorded  in  a  sober  book  of  facts.  Perhaps  lu!ui-e  in- 
vestigation an<l  new  sources  of  inforiiialion  ma}'  some  day  char  away  the 
clouds  and  let  us  see  which  are  facts  and  which  are  fables,  rind  the  toriner  will 
then  find  ilieir  plaie  in  chronologies  ;  l)ut  for  the  present,  at  least,  chronologies 
are  tlie  one  place  they  should  )/(>/  appear  in.  .  ,    ..      ,  ,..,.. ^ 


2i8(«4 


PART   I, 
ANCIENT  CHRONOLOGY 

FROM   THE   EARLIEST    RECORDS  TO  THE  CHRISTIAN  ERA 


THE   WO]^LD  S   PROGRESS.  44OO  B.C. 


B.C.  '    Progress  ok  Society  and   lin'.  Ak[> 


■^yoo  {ttl'out).     l'"rection    of    the    (".re;U  Pyramid 
'■     at  Gizeh. 


2234I Beginning   of    Chaldc.Tu   astronomical    ob- 
servations. 


2<xx>{ahoiii).     Use  of  cuneiform  writing.    (First 
I     deciphered  1802  a.d.) 


1582.  Beginning    of   clironology    of    Arundelean 

(Parian)  marble. 
1^00  (ai>oui).     Date  of  oldest  papyri  extant. 


The  Jews 


000  {ai'oiti).     Erection  of  Northwest  Palace  of 
Nimroud. 


1055  (ahoiif).    Establishment  of  monarchy  by 

the  Jews  :  Saul  king. 
0:53   (nlwiit).       Saul    overwhelmed    by    the 
Philistines  at    (Jilboa  :   David    proclaimed 
king. 
993  (about).     Accession  of  Solomon. 
1953    (a/'tuit).         Revolt     of     the     ten     tribes 
under    Jeroboam  :    Israel   and    Judah    sep- 
arate kingdoms. 
940  (aboift).     Capture  of  Jerusalem  bj-  Shcs- 
I      honk,  King  of  Egypt. 
929  {about).     Accession  of  .Asa  in  Judah. 


8g(){nbo!it).     Accession  of  Omri  in  Israel. 
873  {abnitt).      Accession    of   Jehoshaphat   ir. 

Judah. 
853  {about).     Syrians  defeat  and  kill  Ahab, 

King  of  Israel  at  Ramoth-Gilead. 


850  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


2500 
22S0 


'S    4400  {about).     Foundation 
of   the   first   dynasty    in 
1     Kgypt. 


iaboiif).     Rise  of  the  kingdom 

of  I'M  am. 
{about).      Chaldea    conquered 

by    Cudur-Xankhundi,     the 

Elamite. 


■220o\abo7(t).       Foundation    of    tlie. 2200-1700    {about).         Do 

Hia  dynasty  in  China.  I     minion    of    the    Hyksos 

I     in  Egypt. 


50c  [about).     Babylon  united  into 

j     a  single  powerful  monarchy. 
450  -1300   {about).      Period  of  the 

j     greatest   power   of  the  Hit- 

I     tite  realm  in  Syria. 
yxi  {about).       Reign  of  Shelman- 

I     eser  I.  in   Assyria. 
2$o'i  about).  I'hocnicians  enter  upon 

I     their  career  of  colonization. 
ijo'iabout).     Cylinder  inscription 

I     of   'I'iglath-Pileser,  King  of 

I     .AssyrKu 
ioo{about].       Toundation    of    the 
Chow  dynasty  in  China. 


1700-1250  {about).  Period 
of  the  greate.-jt  power 
and  splendor  of  the  New 
Empire  in  Egypt. 


goo  {about).       ComniencemeiiL    of 
-Assyrian   canon   (terminated 

640  I.X.). 


HOC  {about).      Dorian  migra- 
tion into  Peloponnesus. 


850  {about).       Colonization  S 
of      Carthage      by      tl 
Tyrians. 


;-)    [about). _       i.egislatiou    of 
Lycur':us  in  Sparta. 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


843  B.C.- 


B.C.  I    Progkes 

I 


:)i--  Society  akd  the  Arts. 


776  Beginning  of  the  Olympiads. 


The   Jews. 


Commencement   of  the  celebration  of  the 
Pythian  games  (every  five  years). 


S43  (a/wut).      Throne   of   Israel   usurped  by 

Jehu. 
792  (about).     Accession  of  Uzziah  in  Judah 
790  {about).     Accession   of  Jeroboam   II.   in 

Israel. 


748  (about).     Knd  of  the  dynasty  of  Jehu  in 
Israel. 


728.  Accession  of  Hezekiah  in  Judah. 

722.  Samaria  taken  by  Sargon,  King  of 
Assyria :  overthrow  of  the  kingdom  of 
Israel :  captivity  of  the  ten  tribes. 

701.  Invasion  of  Judah  by  Sennacherib. 

697.  Accession  of  Manasseh  in  Judah. 


622.  Reformation  of  Josiah  in  Judah. 
609.  Judah  overpowered  by  Necho,  King  of 
Egypt :  Josiah  slain. 


605.     Necho  defeated  by  Nebuchadnezzar  at 

Carchemish. 
597.  Jerusalem  taken  by  Nebuchadnezzar. 


1586.  Destruction  of  Jerusalem:  Babylonish 
I     captivity. 


586  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


EuRCPE. 


732  {about),       Syria    subdued     by 
Tiglath-Pileser  11.,  King  of 
'     Assyria. 
731  iabottt).     Chaldea  subdued  by 
Tiglath-Pileser  II. 


64°  (about).      Media  becomes   in- 

j     dependent  of  Assyria. 
625  (about).        Scythians    overrun 
Media,  Assyria  and  Syria. 


650  (about).     Egypt  united 
under  Psammetichus, 


607  Xincveh  taken  by  the  Medes 
and  liabylonians  :  Assyrian 
monarchy    overwhelmed. 


776.  Olympiad  of  Coroebus, 
the  first  authentic  date  in 
Grecian  historj-. 

753.   Foundation  of  Rome. 

750.  Foundation  of  Syracuse 
by  the  Corinthians. 


43-724.  War  of  Sparta  upon 
Messenia :  latter  reduced  to 
subjection. 


684.  A  t  h  e  n  i  an     archonship 

made  annual. 
659.   Foundation  of  Byzantium. 


645-628.  Unsuccessful  attempts 
of  I\Iessenia  to  throw  off 
Spartan  yoke. 


624.   Lc'jjislation    of    Draco   in 
Athens. 


194.     T.ei;islation   of    Solon   in 
Athens. 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


585  li.C. 


3.0 

Progress  op  Society. 

Jews. 

Asia. 

535 

582.  Nebuchadnezzar  invades 
Elam— takes  Susa. 

578 

^loney  coined  at  Rome  by  Ser- 
vjus  TuUius 

572.  Tyre  taken  by  Nebuchad- 
nezzar 

569.     Nebuchadnezzar   losing 
his  reason  is  depo,«ed. 
New  Tyre  Ibunded. 

568 

Depoenus  and  Scyllis  open   a 
sclioc.l  of  statuary  al  A  iheiis. 

Kaucrates  given  10  ihe  Greeks 
by  Egypt  as  a  factory. 

Egypt  possesses  •3J.00U  inha- 
bited cuies. 

662 

First  comedy  acied  at  Athens 

5G2.    Crcesus.   king  ol    Lydia. 

on  a  cart,  by  Susai'ion  and 

Solon  and  jEsop  at  his  court. 

Uolon. 

561.    Evil-Merodach,    king   of 

Dials  invented  by  Anaximan- 

Babylon., 

der  01'  Mile'us. 

559.  Handwriting  on  the  wall 

559.  Xeriglissar  or  Belshazzai 

Anaxinienes,  Cleobulus. 

at  Belshazzar's  feast. 

killed  in'  the  night. 

Cya.xares      II.     (Darmsl 
king  of  Media. 

Cyrus  the  Persian  a.ssists 
him. 
Asia  Minor  subjected  to  Croe 
sus. 

546.  Sardis  taken  oy  Cyrus.— 

&10 

Tlie   Corinthian  order  of  ar- 

Cro'sus    made     prisoner.— 

chilecture  invented  by  Cali- 

The  Lydi.\n  Kingdom  end- 

machus. 

ed. 

Zoroaster.,  the  Persian  Philo- 

53S.  BABYLON  TAKEN  by 

sopher. 

Cyrus. 

Simonides.  Anacreon.  poets. 

5:JG.  Edict  of  Cyrus  for  the  Re- 

536.     PERSIAN      EMPIRE 

turn  of  the  Jews. 

founded  by  CYRUS,   com- 

Joshua. Zerubbabel. 

posed  of  Assyria,  Media  and 

535 

Thespis    performs    the    first 

Persia. 

tTLgedy  at  Alliens. 

•535.     Rebuilding  of  the   tem- 
ple begins. 

Zechariah,  Haggai. 

529.    Cainb)  ses,  king  of  Per- 
sia. 

527 

Learning  encoiirased  u.  Aili 
ens. — Fii"st    public    library 

founded 

522 

Confucius  the  Chinese  philo- 

522.  Darius   Mystaspes,  king 

sopher. 

of  Persia. 

The  iJoric  issued  by  Darius. 

516.  Dedication  of  the  second 

temple. 

1 

:to  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


581 1  Egypi  invaded  by  Nebucliad- 
nezzar. 


Apries  taken  prisoner,  and 
strangled  ni  his  palace. 

Amasis,  king — connection  be- 
tween Greece  and  Egypt. 


Pydiagoras  visits  Egypt. 


I'sammeniins,  last  kins  of 
ligypt. — liiva.-ioii  of  (Jam- 
by.~us,  who  ileluai.s  the 
Kgy)>'-ians  at  I'elu.-luni,  and 
takes  Memphis. 

EgYI'T    BlXO.MtS   A    I'liKSIAN 

Pkovince. 


Rome,  etc. 


i>So.  Death  of  Periander.  tyrant 

ol'  Corintli. 
.>S'2.  Corinth  becomes  a  lepnb- 


5G0.  Pisistraius,  tyrant  ol  Ath- 


54;i.  Tcniple  of  Apollo  ai 
Delphi  burnt  by  the  Pisis- 
tratidaj. 

547.  Amyntas,  king  of  Mace- 
don. 


539.  The  Phocians  emigrate  to 
Gaul  and  build  Massilia 
(now  Marseilles). 


527.  Pisistratus  dies. 


j'.i'i.   P^ilycrales.  tyrant  c 

inos. 
il4.  lliii[).nrclins  killed. 


')W.  'I'lie  Pisi-tratidas  expelled. 
— Dfniocrary  established  at 
Athens — Statues  erected  to 
ilannodius  rnid  Ari»tn£riton, 
leaders  in  the  rev(jhilion. 


r-^.  Servius  Tullius,  king  r: 
Korae. 


567.  Conquest  of  the  Etrurians 

by  Rome. 
505.    First  census  of  Rome ; 

84,700  citizens. 


534.     Tarquinius     Superbus 

king  of  Uonie. 
530.  Cadiz  liuilt  by  the  Car 

thtiginians  (near  the  accieni 

V'ais/iish). 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


509  B.C.- 


).  c. 
009 


PBJ0HE83  OP  Society. 


483 


473 


471 


Abolition  of  the  Regal  Govern- 
ment, and  establishment  of 
Republic  at  Rome. 


lleraclitus.  Tlwano,  Prota- 
goras, Anaxagoras,  philoso- 
phers.—  Corinna,  poetess. 


The  Phcenician  letters  carried 
to  Ireland  fiom  Spain. 

Pythagoras  teaches  the  doc- 
trine oC  celestial  motions. 

The  temple  of  Minerva  built. 


The  Etrurians  excel  in  music, 
the  drama  and  architecture. 


jEsc/iyhts,  Pindar,  poeta. 


i"?  Simonides,  of  Co?,  obtains  the 
prize  at  Olympia.  for  teach- 
ing a  system  of  M7iemonics, 
which  he  hail  invented. 
Empirics  iii.stimted  by  Acron, 
of  Agrigenlam. 


483.  Joachim,  High  Priest. 


Thucvdides  born. 


Sophocles,     the    tragic, 
Plato,  the  comic  poet. 


Voyage  of  the  Carthaginians 
to  Britain  for  tin 


453    Esther. 

457.  Ezra  goes  to  Jerusalem, 
collects  the  Jewish  Scrip- 
tures :  and 

453.  — writes  the  Chronicles. 


508.  Darius  conquers  India 


500.  The  lonians  revolt  from 
Persia  and  burn  Sardis. 


490.  Darius  sends  an  army  ol 
500,000  men  mto  Greece. 


487.  Artabazes,   kine  of  Pon- 

tus. 
486.  Xerxes,  king  of  Persia. 

431    The  expedition  of  Xerxes 

into  Greece. 
480.  The  family  of  Archean- 

actes,  from  Mytilene,  settle 

in  Bosphorus  (now  Circas- 

sia.) 


478.  Death  of  Confucius. — 
China  distracted  by  internal 
wars. 


466.  Persians  defeated  Dy  »ea 

and  land. 
46.").  Xerxes  assassinated. 
464.  Artaxerxes  I.  (Longima 

nus,)  king  of  Persia. 


453  B-C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


960 


Egypt  revolts — 13  subdued  by 
Xerxes. 


Hamilcar  killed  in  Ijattle. 


Egypt,  under    InaruH,  revolt,- 
from  I'er.'-ia. 


All  Egypt  reduced  by  Megaby- 
sus. 


505.  Lacedemonian  War. 
504.    Lemnos   taken  by  Milti' 
ades. 


497.  Alexander  1st,  king  of 
Macedt)n. 

Hippocrates,    tyrant     of 
Gela. 

490.  Invasion  of  the  Persians 
under  Dalis  and  Anapher- 
nes. 

Battle  of  MARATHON. 


489.  Miltiades  imprisoned. 
454.  Herodotus  born. 
433.  Aristides  banished. 


430.  Battle  of  Tliermopylae. 
Athens  burnt  by  Xerxes. 
Battle  of  Saianiis. 
479.  Mardonius  a  second  time 
lakes  Alliens. 

Defeat  of  the  Persians  at 
Plaiea  and  Mycale  on  the 
same  day. 

47G.  Themisiocles  rebuilds 
Athens. — The  Pira3us  built. 

470.  Citnon  son  of  Miltiades. — 
Thennstiicles  banished. — 
'J'lie  kiiigdiim  of  tlie  Odrysae 
e.vUMids  over  the  most  of 
Thrace. 

4GG.  The  Persians  twice  de- 
feated at  tiie  Eurymcdon  by 
CimoM. 

465.  3d  Mcssinian  War. 

4GI.  Ostracism  of  Cimon. — 
PEracLlcs  rises  to  great 
power. 

459.  Alliens  assumes  to  be  the 
head  of  (ireece. 

4.5(j.   Cimon  recalled. 


lUl.MK   AND    It.vly. 


509.    The   Tarquins  expelled 
fiom  Konie. 

BilUTUS       AND      Coi.LATlNUS 

first  Consuls  oi'  Rome. 

507.  Second  census  of  Rome, 

130,909  citizens. 
The    Capitol    finished.— Wai 

against   the    Tarquins    and 

tlieir  ally  Porsonna. 


495.  Titus  Lartiu-'J  first  Dicta^ 
tor. 

Tribunes  of  the  people. 

496.  Posthumius,  Dictator. 


491.  Coriolanus  banished. 


483.  At  the  request  of  his 
mother,  Coriolanus  wiih- 
draws  the  Volsci  from  Rorr.e. 

435.  Gelon,  tyrant  ofSyracu.se. 

433.  Quaestors  appointed. 


430.    The    Carthaginians    de- 
feated by  Gelon. 

479.    Syracuse    governed    by 
Hiero. 


477.  The  300  Fabii  slain. 


167.  Thrasybulus  succeedii 
Hiero,  and  is  expelleti  for 
his  cruelty. 

Democracy  in  Syracuse. 


401.  Earthquake  at  Rome. 


456.     (  inciiuKitus  Dictator. 


lO 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


454  B.C.- 


Progress  op  Society,  etc. 


The  Britons  inflict  punlsli- 
meat  of  death  by  diowning 
in  a  quagmire. 


114 


Einpfidoclex.  Parmenidi's, 
Aristippux,  and  Atitis- 
t/tejifi-i,  pliilosopbers. — 
I'liidias  the  finest  scnlp- 
tov  of  antiquity.— i'i^ri- 
pides,  trains  the  first  prize 
in  tragedy. 

The  Battering  Ram  invented 
hy  Arteinoiie.s. 


Aristophanr.s.   prince   of 
cient  coiiiL'dy. 


Melon  begins  his  lunar  cycle. 

Socrates,  the  greatest  of  hea- 
then moralists. 

HippoLTates,  of  Cos,  the  father 
01  medicine. 

Thucydides,  Ctesias,  histo- 
rians. 

Democritus,  the  laughing  phi- 
losopher. 


An  eclipse  of  the  su7i  causes 
the  defeat  o.'"  the  Athenians 
at  Syracuse 


Thucydides'  history  ends  and 
Xenophon's  begims. 


415.  Walls  of  Jerusalem  built 
by  Nehemiah. 

Sect  of  S;imaritans 


419.  Persians  defeated  at  Sa 
lamis  in  Cyprus. 
Peace  with  Greece. 


438.    Spartacus  takes  posses- 
sion of  the  Bosphorue. 


425.     Xerxes  II.  k.  of  Persia 
424.     Darius  II.  k.  oi  Pcrsuu 


404.       A  r  t  a  .\"  e  r  .X  e  s        11. 
(.Mnemon),  king  of  I'ersia. 


404  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


II 


■154.  Perdiccas,  II.,  king  of  Ma- 
ceiloii. 

149.  Cimon  dies. 

44^.  Fir.=t  Sacred  War. 
447.  Athenians,  deleated  at  Che- 
ronoea. 


440.  Pericle?  lakes  Samos. 


4-'l.    Decemviri — the  laws   of 
iho  \2  tables. 

Virginia    killed    by    he: 
father.' 


44(5.    Syracu.«e   reduces   Ajn 

genliuii. 
445.  Jlilitary  Tril)unes. 
444.    Office   of    Censor   insli- 

tuled. 
440.  Famine  in  Home. 


437.    Amphipolis   planted    by  437.  The  Veii  ilefealeQ. 

Athenians. 
436.  Corimh  at  war  with  Cor 

cyra.  ' 

434.  War  wilh  the  Tuscaos. 


432.  Revolt  of  Potiilaea  from 
the  Athenian  confederacy. 

431.  The  Peloponnesian  War. 
Invasion  of  Atiica. 

4.30.  The  Plague  at  Alhen!^. 

429.  Pericles  dies,  having  gov- 
erned Alliens  40  years. 

\:lb.  An  earthr]uake  separates 
the     peninsula    of    Eubcea 
from  the  main  land. 
424.  Exile  of  Thucydides. 

Campaign  of  Brasidas  in 
Thrace. 
42U.  The  ODtli  Olympiad. 

^4/c/7)(«(/';seiit'cis  a  treaty 
between   ihe  Athenians  aiul 
Ar-ives. 
41G.    yiciiis.   treneral    of    l!ie 
1      A'hi-nians.' 
i  War  in  Sicilv  . 

AmyrlEBUs.  king  of  Egypt,  ijja.  The  Atlienians.Tlarmed  by 
shakes  oti' ihe  yoke  ol  Per- 1  an  eclipse.— Their  aviny  in 
sia.  I     Sicily  <lfstr..ye  !, 

413.  Archelau.s",  king  of  Mace- 

lion. 
[411.   Athens   L'overned  by  the 
4(111. — .Mliance     of     Sjiaria 
I      with  Persia. 

[411.  Alcibiailes  at  the  court  of 
I      Ti.ssapbernes. 
4111.     AU-ibiadcs    defeats     the 
Sp.-inans. 


433.  The  lemple  of  ApoUo  tie 
dicatei'. 

431.  The   E(iui  and\  olsci  de- 
feated. 


The  Carihasinians  send  3fX),- 
CW  men  into  Sicily. 


40S.  Capture  of  Hvzantium.     i 

!  I 

405.  Lyfiandpr  defeats  the 
I  Athenians.  .(n4.takesAlliens,| 
\  and  estabiislies  th.:  50  ty-i 
I     ranis  i 

Endofihe  Peloponnesian' 
War.  I 

'  U»-ath  of  Alcihiaden  ' 


12 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


401   li.C- 


I. «.  PRoaRBSS  OP  Society,  etc. 


399 


396 


Catapultm  invented  by  Diony- 


Cynics,  sect  of  philosophers 
founded  by  Antisthenes, 


388  Plato,  the  philosopher. 
Philoxenes,  the  poet 


Treatise  on  conic  sections  by 
Aristcnus. 


377  {Diogenes,  the  cynic ;  Isocrates 
and  Iscbus,  orators. 


A  celestial  globe  brought  into 
Greece  from  Kgypt. 


Philippics  of  Demosthenes. 


Commerce    of   Rhodes    with 
Africa  acd  Byzantium 


300.  Jeshua  slain  by  Johan- 
nan  in  the  inner  court  of  the 
temple,  for  which  a  heavy 
fine  is  laid  on  the  daily  sacri- 
fices. 


401.  Cyrus  the  younger  de- 
feated.—Retreat  of  the  10,000 
under  Xenophon. 

400.   The  city  of  DeM  found 


387.  The  Greek  cities  of  Aela 
tributary  to  Persia. 

3a3    BITHYNIA  becomes  a 

kingdom. 

Mithridates    1st,  king    a/ 
PONTUS. 


302.  AriobarzaneskingofPon- 
tus. — Revolt  of  the  Persian 
governor  in  Asia  Minor. 

301.  Uarius  Ochus.  or  Artax- 
erxes  III.  king  of  Persia. 

300.  CAPPAPOCIA  become* 
a  kinffdom  under  Ariarathss  1 


35^  R.c. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


13 


379 


The    Carthaginians    land 
Italy. 


362 


Tachos,  king  of  Egypt. 

Ase.silnus,   ihe     Spartan 
aids  the  Egyjitiaiis. 


Voyages  of  the  Cartlvi 
under  Ilanno. 


401.   Thrasybulus  expels   the 
30  tyrants. 

iJeath  of  Socrates. 


309.  Amyntas  II.,  king  of  iMa- 
cedon. 


396.  Agesilaus  goes  into  Asia, 
39.').  Corinthian  War  begun. — 
Battle  of  Coronea. 


3S2.  Thebes  taken  by  Thcebi- 
das. 

3S0.  Thebes  delivered  by  Pelo- 
pides  and  Epaminondas. 
100th  Olympiad. 

377.  Spartan  fleet  defeated  at 
Naxos. 

372.  Ellice  and  Bula  in  the  Pe- 
loponnesus,   swallowed    up 
by  an  earthquake, 
371.  Battle  of  Leuctra. 

Alexander  II.,  king  of  Ma- 
cednn. 

I'mdorninance  of  Thebes. 
370.     Periliccas    III,    kins  of 
M^icedr.n. 

54.  Pelopida.'s  killed  in-battle. 
02.  Battle  of  Maniinea,  death 
of  Ijpaminomlas. 

Dl^CI.INK      OP      GUECIAN 
l{EPt;EHCS. 

3C0.  Philip  II.,  king  ,.f  Mace- 
don,  deleats  the  Athenians 
at  Methone. 

The  Macedonian  phalanx. 
War  of  tlie  allies  against 
Athens. 


.3.")3.  Philip  takes  Aniphipolis 

Hid  liiars  his  riglit  eye  by  an 

irrow  from  Asior. 
3.J7.  The  2d  Sacred  War. 
3o0.    Philip   concjuers  Thrace 

anil  Illyria. 

The  Ti-mple  of  Diana  at 

Ephesns  linrnt. 

A  I,  E  X  A  N  D  E  R  "  the 

Great "  born. 


Rome  and  Italy. 


400.  Siege  of  Veil  begun. 


397.  Lake  Alba  drainci 


391.  Camillus,  Dictator,  takei 
Veii,  after  a  siege  of  ten 
year.s. 

390.  Rome  taken  and  burnt  by 
the  Gauls,  under  Brennua 
— The  Capitol  besieged. — 
Camillus  delivers  his  coun- 
try. 

386.  Damon  and  Pythias. 

3S4.  M.  Manlius  CapitolinuB 
thrown  Irom  the  Tarpei-ui 
rock. 


79.    The    Volsci    defeat    IM 
Romans. 


376.  Lucius  Sextus,  first  ple- 
beian consul. 

Camillus,  the  fifth  tirie 
Dictator. 

371.    The   curule   magistrates 
appointed. 


JG2.  Curtins  leaps  into  a  gull 
in  the  Forum. 


357.   Dionysius,  the  youngei 
expelled  from  Syracuse. 


H 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


354  B-C. 


Progress  op  Society,  etc- 


»43 


342 


336 


i£ 


AHstotle.  the  logician  and  phi- 
loi=opher,  foumier  of  ilie  Pe- 
ripatetics ;  JEschines,  ora- 
tor. 

Demosthenes  ;  Icetas.  of  Syra- 
cuse. 

The  Lyceum  built  in  Attica. 


Alexander  spares  the  house  of 

Pindar. 
The  revolutiun  oj"  eclipses  first 

calculated  by  Calippu?,  the 

Athenian. 

Caustic  painting  or  the  art 
of  burning  colors  into  wood 
or  ivory,  invented  by  Gau- 
sias  a  painter  of  Sicyon. 


The  vnyase  of  Ncarchus  from 

the  Indus  lo  the  Euphrates. 
Apeiles,   the  painter  ;     Calis- 

Ihenes,  philosopher. 
Menander,  the  inventor  of  the 

new  comedy. 
Lysi?tratus    invents     moulds 

from    which    to    cast    wax 

figures. 


First  work  on  mechanics,  writ- 
ten by  Ari?;ntle.  —  Z>:>m^ 
Bell  fir.sl  mentioned. 


Alexander  enters  Jerusa- 
lem.— On  seeing  Jaddus,  the 
High  Priest,  clad  in  his 
robes,  he  declares  he  had 
seen  him  in  a  vision,  invit- 
ing him  to  Asia,  and  pro- 
mising him  the  Persian  em- 
pire. He  goes  to  the  Tem- 
ple, offers  sacrifices  to  Jeho- 
vah, and  departs. 


320.   Piolemv   carries   100,000 
Jews  into  typi. 
Onias  I. 


336.    Mithridates  H.,  klig   3< 
Pontus. 


'Six.  Battle  of  the  Granicus. 

'S.i^i.  Batile  of  Issus. — Parthia, 
Bactria,  Hyrcania.Sogdiana, 
and  Asia  Minor,  conquered 
by  Alexander. 

33i.  Tyre  subdued  after  seven 
nionihs'  sie3». 

Damascus  taken.  — Gaza 
surrenders. 

331.  Battle  of  Arbela.—Tht 
Persian  anny  totally  defeat- 
ed. 

3:30.  CONQUEST  of  the  PER 
SIAN  EMPIRE. 

3:-9.  Thalestris,  queen  of  tlit 
Amazons,  visits  Alexander, 
wiih  a  train  of  300  women. 

328.  Alexander  extends  hiJ 
conquest  to  the  Ganges. 

323.  Alexander  dies  at  Baby- 
lon. 

322.  Perdiccas  takes  Cafp* 
docia. 


320.  Eumenes  Jefealed  by  i 
tigonue. 


3T9B.C. 


A  CHROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


15 


»J 


340 


332 


Darius  Ochus  conquers  Egypt, 
and  pillages  its  temples. 


Greece— Macedon. 


353.  The  Phocians  defeated  by 
Pluili). 

348.  End  ol  the  Sacred  War. 
Philiji  takes  Olyiithus. 

31G.    Phiiip    adraii'ed   to    the 
Ampliictyonic  Council. 

34.5.  Duras'buried  by  an  earth- 
quake. 

313.  Thrace  tributaiy  to  Mace- 
don. 

Aristotle  appointed  tutor 
to  Alexander. 


;M1.  Philip   makes  war  ui)on 
At" 


The  Carthaginians  defeated  bv  340.  --lays  siege  to  nyzantiuni 
Timoleon?  '  Timoleon  recovers  Syra 


Egypt  conquered  by  Alexan- 
der. 

Alexandria  built. 


',:2:i  P?x>lcniy  L    (Soter,  son  of  I.a- 


cuse,  expels  IMonysius,  the 
tyrant,  and  defeats  the  Car- 
thasinians  at  Agrisentuni. 

336.  Philip  defeats  tFie  Greeks 
at  Cheronea. 

33fj.  Pliilip  is  murdered  by 
Pausanias. 

ALEXANDER  III.,  sur- 
named  the  Great. — He  rava- 
ges (ireece.  destroys  Thebes, 
sparing  the  house  of  Pindar. 

3-35.  — is'chosen  generalissimo 
of  Greece  against  Persia. 

3-34.  — invades  Persia,  and  after 
several  great  battles  (see 
"  Asia  ")  subdues  the  Per- 
sian empire  and  Egypt,  and 
marches  into  Iinlia. 


330.     jEschinea,    tlie    orator, 
banished. 


3:1').  Demosthenes  b.anished. 

3-S.i.  Drnfh  of  Alrxaml'r.— 
The  Greciim  cities  revolt 
from  Macedon.— Demosthe- 
nes recjilled. 

3-j;2.  The  (ireeks  defetited  by 
sea  and  land  near  Craiion. 
Diiith  (tf  I)i'l,M«lhi.U':-i. 

321.   An'.ipater,  regent. 


1310.  Polysperchon  succeedf 
j  Anii|iaier,  and  proclaim.'- 
i      libcnv  to  the  (Jrecian  cities. 


Home,  etc. 


3.54.  Dion  put  to  death,  am 
Syracuse  usurped  by  ty 
rani.s 


345.  Twelve  cities  ir  Cainr»- 
nia  buried  by  an  earth  (Uttlce. 

343.  Samnian  War,  whi  :h  con- 
tinues 53  years. 


•340.  P.  Deciua  oevotes   him- 
self for  his  country. 

All  Campania  /ssutdued. 


.3.32.  The  Caledonian  mo- 
narchy (Scotland)  fount^d 
by  Fergus  I. 


3?5.  Papirius  Cursor, Diciatct, 


3.'1.  The  Samniien  make  the 

IvMin  ins  p.-i-s  under  the  yok«. 

3'.-'(i    Tlie  Sammies  deleated  aJ 

I, lie.  ;ia. 


i6 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


318  B.C.- 


I.  o.   Progress  of  Society,  etc.  The  Jew 


317 


112 


293 


Commerce  of  Macedoii   with 
India,  througli  Kgypt. 


The  Appian  Wat/ constructed. 
— The  Gnomon  invented  to 
measure  altitudes. 


Aqueducts  and  baths  in  Rome. 


Euclid,  of  Alexandria,  the 
celebrated  matlieiiiatician. — 
Zeno,  founder  of  the  Stoics  ; 
— Pyrrho,  of  the  S/ceptics  ; 
Epicurus,  of  the  Epicu- 
reans.— Bio7i,  of  Borysthe- 
nes,  philosopher. 

The  ffreat  Chinese  Wall  built. 


The  first  sundial  erected  at 
Rome  by  Papirius  Cursor, 
and  the  time  first  divided 
into  hours. 


Fabius  mtroduces  painting  at 
Romo. 

The  Colossus  of  Rhodes 
built  by  Cliares,  of  Lindus. 


Theocrites,  the  father  of  pas- 
toral   poetry. 

Dionysius,  the  astronomer  at 
Alexandria,  begins  his  era. 
He  Ibund  the  sular  year  to 
consi.^t  of  305  days,  5  hours, 
and  iO  nnnutes. 

The  Septuagint  translation  of 
the  OldTe'-^tament,  begun  at 
Alexandria,  by  order  of  Pto- 
lemy PhiJidelphua. 


311.  Judea  subject  to  A..tigo- 
nus. 


301.    Judea  under  the   domi- 
nion of  the  Ptolemies. 


2S4.  The  sect  of  the  Saddueee*. 


312.  SYRIA.  Seleucus,  Nicator 


311.  Seleucus  Nicator  retakaa 

Babylon. 

Era  of  the  Seleucidm. 
310.      Eutneles     usurps    the 

throne  of  Bosphorus,  putting 

to  death    all    his   brothers. 

After  a  reign  of  six  years,  ia 

murdered. 


30.").    War   in  India,   agaiiit 

Sandrocottus. 


301.  Battle  oj  ipsMS.— Antigo- 
nus  killed. 

ALEXANDER'S  EM 
PIRE  DIVIDED  in  foui 
parts.  —  Ptolemy,  Seleucus, 
Cassander,  Lysimachus. 

Mithridates  III.,  liing  01 
Pontus. 


291.  Seleucus  founds  Antioch 
Edessa,  and  Laodicea. 


2S5.    The   Scythitna    invad* 
Bospnorua. 


284  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


17 


307 

300 


A?athocles  is  defeated  by  the 
Carthaginians. 

Peace  befween  Sicily  and  Car- 
thage. 


."^IS.  Phocion  put  to  death  by 
the  Aihenians. 

317.  C  a  s  s  a  n  d  e  r  n?.«ume~ 
the  government  oI'Maceilon. 
Demetrius  Phalerius  gov- 
erns Athens. 

315.  Cassander  rebuilds  Thebes. 
and  founds  Ca^sandria, 


312.  Epirus:  Py  rrh  u  s  II., 
tlie  greatest  hero  of  liis  time. 


306.  Democracy  established  at 
Athens  by  Demetrius. 

304.  Athenians  repulsed  from 
Ilhodes. 

303.  Demetrius  Poltorcetes. 
general  of  the  Grecian  States. 


300.  IVesfration  of  Democracy 
at  Athens. 


291.  Death  of  Cassander.— 
Alexander     and     Aniipater 

296.  Siege  of  Atliens,  by  De- 
metrius. 

291.  Demetrius  murders  Alex- 
ander, and  .seizes  the  tluoiie 
of  Macedon. 


287.  Athen.s  revolts  from  De- 
metrius. 

236.  Pyrrhus  expelled  from 
Macedon. 


284.  The  Achaean  Republic. 


317.  Syracuse  and  Sicily  usuip 
ed  by  Agathocles. 


312.  War  with  the  Etruscaiu 


310.  The  Carthaginians  defeat 
Agaihocles,  and  besiege  Sy- 
racuse. 

30S.  Fabius  Maximui 
defeats  the  Saumites. 


303.     Establishment    of 
Tribus  Urbmice. 


th« 


300. First  Plebeian  Hish  Priest 


2*1.  End  of  the  Samnit«  Wm, 


2S6.  Law  of  Ilortensius,  by 
which  the  decrees  of  th« 
lMM)[)le  had  the  force  of  thow 
of  the  senate. 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


283  B.C.- 


B.o.  iProoress  op  Societv,  etc. 


I  The  Pharos  buili  m  Alexan- 
dria, the  first  light-liouse  on 
record. 
883  PhiletcEriis,  of  Pergrimug,  pa- 
tron ol'  the   arts,  especially 

I     Architecture. 

!  Alexandria,  the  report  of  the 

learned,  and  centre  of  trade. 

J81   Chariots  armed  with  scythes, 

and  fortified  camps,  in  use. 


First  society  of  critics  formed. 


267  Ptolemy  makes  a  :anal  from 

the  Nile  to  the  Red  Sea. 
256  Silver  money  lirst  coined. 


The  Parian  Chronicle  com- 
posed. 

Gladiators  first  exhibited  at 
Rome. 


256  :  Berosus,  the  historian  of  Ba- 
j     hvlon. 

2ooiThe  armillary  sphere  invented 
bv  Erastdsthenes.  who  made 
tiie  first  attempt  to  delerini-e 
the  len2lh  of  a  degree. 


Greece  instructs  the  Romans 
in  the  arts  and  sciences. 


24S.  Onias  II.  high  priest. 


232.   The    kinsdom  of  PER. 

GAMUS  founded  by  Philo. 

t*rus. 
231.  Lysiraachus  defeated  and 

killed  by  Seleucus. — Anlio- 

chus  Soter  succeeds  Seles- 

cus. 


266.  Ariobarzar.es  III.,  king  tA 

Pontus. 


262.  Antiochus  Soter  deflated 
at  Sardis. 


256.  Kingdom  of  PARTHIA 
founded  by  Arsaccs. 
5.       The    fourth    imperial 
dynasty  of  China  begins. 


252.  Mithridatcs  IV.  be- 
sieged in  lii.-i  capital  by  the 
Gauls. 


248  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


19 


863 


269 


Ptolemy  Philaiielphus  king  of  253.  Lysimachia  desiroyea  by 


Egypt. 


Egypt  first  sends  ambassadors 
lo  Rcme. 


Regulus  invades  Africa,  and  is 
defcaied  by  Xantippus,  a 
S|)artan  general. 


Mt'allus  defeats  Asdnibal. 


an  eartliquake 


281.  Lysimachus  defeated  an.; 
slain  by  Seleiicus. 

The  Achfean  League  o[ 
12  states,  under  Aniiu.-,  of 
Sicyon. 


2?9.    Irrruption  of  the   Gaul 

under  Breunus. 
27S.  — they  are  defeated  near 

Uelph;. 
277.  A.ntigonu3  Gonatus,  king 

of  Macedon. 


274.  Pyrrhus  invades  Mace- 
don, defeats  Antigonus,  and 
is  proclaimed  king. 


72.  Pyrrhus  besieses  Sparta 
and  Argos — is  slain,  and  An- 
tigonusis  restored. 


203.     Athens  taken  by  Antigo- 
nus Gonatus. 

Second    incursion  of  the 
Gauls  into  Macedon. 


A  n  t  i  2  0  n  u  s   liberates 
tlieiis. 
Athens  joins  the  Achaean 


2.')1.  Sicvon  joins  the  Aclia!ini 
lea-ne, 

250.  The  Romans  bcsin  to  re 
port  to  Greece  for  inipi'iv('- 
ment  in  knovvledL-e.  —  I'.ir- 
thia  revolts  from  Macedon. 


83.     The  Cauls  and  Ktru- 
rians  subdued. 


iiSl.  The  Tarentine  War. 


2=0.  The  Tarentines  seek  the 
alliance  of  Pyrrhus,  who 
conquers  the  Romans  at 
Pandosia,  and  ai 

279  — Asculum. 

278.  Sicily  conquered  by  Pyrr- 
hus. 


75.  Curius  defeats  Pyrrhus, 
and  comijels  iiini  to  leave 
Italy. 


272.  Fall  of  Tarentum. 


200.  Rome  mistress  of  all  Italy : 

census  of  the  city  2'J2.2'24. 

204.  The  first  PUMC  WAR. 

— Appius    Claudius    drives 

Iliero  from  Syracuse. 
2011.    D  u  i  1  I  u  s   t'.iins  a  vic- 

toiy  over  the  Carthaginian 

fleet. 

i')0.  R  e  I  u  I  u  3  gains  ano 
tber  vicmry. 

i."i.  Tbii  l.iiredemonians  as- 
si.-lint  (':irihaL'e.  —  X.antip- 
pus  ilefeals  Ret'idus,  and 
lake;-'  him  prisoner. 

2.'vl.  Palermo  l)l^^ieL'ed  by  iha 
ItnmaiiJ.  —  About  this  time 
the  llinis  are  lir,--t  heard  ot 
governed  by  'i'liuinayi. 


219.  Naval  fight  at  Urapaiiunx 


20 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


247  B.C - 


Pboqukss  op  Society,  etc. 


233 


;i25 


224 


219 


Agjarianism    attempted     in 
Sparta,  but  is  put  down. 


Comedies  first  acted  at  Rome, 
those  ofLivius  Andronicus. 


The  original  MSS.  of  ^schy- 
lus,  Euripides  and  Sopho- 
cles, lent  by  the  Athenians 
to  Ptolemy,  ona  pledge  of  15 
talents. 


Fabius  Pictur,  the  first  Roman 
historian. 

Appollonius  Rhodius,  poet. — 
Chrysippus,  Stoic  pniloso- 
pher. 

Archimedes,  the  mathemati- 
cian; demonstrates  the  pro- 
perties of  the  lever,  and 
other  mechanical  powers, 
also  the  art  of  measurin? 
solids  and  surfaces.and  conic 
sections — constructs  aplane- 
tarium. 


The  art  of  Surgery  introduced. 
An  eclipse  of  the  moon  ob- 
eerved  in  Asia  Minor. 


237.  Simon  II.,  High  Priest. 


246.     Antiochus  II.  poisoned 
by  his  wife. 


241.       Attalus    I.,    king     of 
Pergamus. 


226.  Seleucus  III.,  k.  of  Syria 


224.  The  Colossus  of  Rh»dei 
thrown  down. 


213,  Chi  Ilorg  Ti  destroys  th« 
records  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire. 

211.  AntiochuB  tkt 
Great,  kirrg  of  S/ria. 


211  B.C 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


21 


247 
21« 


23B 
237 


Hamilcar  Barcas,  general  of 
the  Carthaginians. 

Piolemy  Eurgetes  subdues  Sy- 
ria. 


End  of  the  Libyan  War. 
Hamilcar  with  Hannibal,  pass- 
es into  Spain. 


Carthasena  in  Spain,  built  by 
Asdrubal. 


Ptolemv   Philopater,   kins   of 
Egypt. 


Conquests  of  Hannibal, 
the  Carthaginian,  i  i  Spain  ; 
He  crosses  the  Alp'. 


243.  Corinth  taken  by  Aratus. 

24i  Demetrius  H.,  of  Mace- 
don. 

241.  Agis.  king  of  Sparta,  pu; 
to  death  for  attempting  to  es- 
tablish an  Agrarian  law. 

240.  Cleanihus.  the  Stoic, 
starves  himself. 


232.  Philip  in.,  of  Macec 


22S.  Itoiiian  ambassadors  i'lrst 
appear  at  Athens  and  Co- 
rinth. 

The  fortress  of  the  Athe- 
naeum built. 


22G.  Cleomene.s,  king  of  Spar- 
ta, deleats  the  AdiKans. — 
Lyscades  killed. — The  Agra- 
rian law  restored. 

22o.  The  Romans  send  another 
embassy  to  Greece.  They 
are  admitted  to  a  share  in 
the  Isthmian  games,  and 
granted  the  freedom  of  Ath- 
ens. 

223.  Cleomenes  takes  Megalo- 
polis. 
222.  Battle  of  Sellasia. 


220.  T  li  e  S  o  c  i  a  1  W  a  I 
—Philip,  of  Macedua,  as- 
sists the  Achteans. — Cleome- 
nes dies  in  Eyypt. — Asc^i- 
polis  and  Lycurgus  electetl 
kin?s  of  S|iartti. 

21S.  Acanania  ceded  to  Philip. 


215.       A  rat  us      pnisr.ned 

JF.'j\nm. 
214.  First  .Maceiionian  War 


211.    Alliance  of  Philip  wit 
Hannibal. 


Rome,  etc. 


317.  Hamilcar  defeats  the  Ro 
mans  at  Liliboeum. 


241.     End  of  the  fir 
War. 


231.  Sardinia  and  Corsica  coo 
quered  by  Rome. 


235.    The   Gauls  repulsed   In 
Italy. 


/ 

224.    The  Roinans  first  croBi 

the  Po. 
223.  Colonies   of   P  1  a  c  e  n  - 

t  i  a    and    Cremona. 
222.  Insiihria  (.Milan)  and  Ligu- 

ria  (Genoa)    conquered   by 

Rome. 


;19.    IIannil)al   takes    Sagim- 
turn,  and  crosses  the  Alps, 


2W.  The  S-'Cond  P  u  N  i  o 
W  A  n  . — The  Romans  de- 
feated hy  Hannibal  at  T  i  ■ 
c  i  n  i  s    and    T  r  e  b  i  a  . 

217.  I"  I  a  m  i  n  i  u  s  defeated 
at    T  h  r  a  -s  y  m  e  n  e  . 

2Hi.  \':irro  at  C  a  n  n  te  to- 
tot,-dly  defeated  by  Hannibal. 
I"  ti  hi  us  Max  im  us 
Dictator. 

212.  Syracuse  and  Sicily  con- 
qucrrd  hy  MarceMus. 
— .Arrhimedrs  killed. 

211.  'I'he  Carihaginiansdriveii 
Irom  Capna. 


32 


22 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


2IO  B.C.- 


1.  C.  I  I'llOGRESS    OP   SOCIETT,    ETC. 


JOT, 


202 


200 


Ettnius,  of  Calabria,  poet; 
Sution,  of  Alexandria,  a 
grammarian. 

Plautus,  of  Umbria,  the  co- 
mic poet ;  Appolhnius,  of 
Perga,  mathematician ;  Ze- 
710.  of  Tarsus,  the  philoso- 
pher. 

GaSd  coined  at  Rome. 


The  art  of  printing  in  China. 


Aristonymua  4th,  librarian  of 

Alexandria. 
Cuius    Leliiis,     the    Romai 

orator. 


198 ;  Books,  with  leaves  of  vellum, 
introduced  by  Attalus,  king 
of  Fergamus,  in  lieu  of  rolls. 


180 


20.3.    .JUDEA    CONai'ERED     1Y 

Antiochus  the  Great. 


201.  OniasIII.,  Iliah  Priest. 


200   Jesus,  the  son  of  Sirach. 
writes  Ecdesiasticus. 


193.  The  Jews  assist  Antio- 
chiis  in  expelling  Scopas  and 
the  EL'yj)tian  troops  from 
Jerusalem. 

First  mention  of  a  Senate  or 
Sanhedrim. 


A  total  eclipse  of  the  sun  at 

Rome. 
Asiatic   luxuries    brought    to 

Rome. 


A  comet  visible  SO  days. 
Bion    and    Moschus,    comic 
poets. 

Statius  Cctcilius,  comic  poet. 


2o6.    The  dynastj'  of  Han  in 
China. 


197.  Eumenes,  king  of  Ferga- 
mus. 

lOt).  Hannibal  joins  Antiochus, 
who  seizes  the  Thracian 
Chersonese. 


192.  Syria  at  war  with  Rome. 
190.  Scipio  Asiaticus   defeats 
Antiochus  at  Magnesia. 


187.  Antiochus  killed  in  the 
temple  of  Jupiter  Ijelus. — 
Syria  becomes  a  Roman 
province. 

186.     The   city  of   Arta.xata 
(,iu  Armenia)  built. 
5.     Seleucus   IV.,  king   of 
Syria. 

13.     Pharnaces    I.,    king  of 
Pontus,  conquers  Sinope. 


179  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


23 


205 
204 


Ptolemy  Epiphanes,  king  of 

Eirypt. 
The  Roman  general  Sr.ipio  be 

sieges  Utica,  anil   takes  in 

one  day  the  camps  of  Asdru 

bal  and  Sypliax. 
Ilannibal  recalled.— SophoniS' 

ba  pdifoneil  by  Masinissa. 
Hannibal  defeated  at  Z  a  m  a 

—End  of  the  2d  Punic  War, 


Treaty  of  Carthaje  with  Ma- 
sinissa, kins  of  iS'umidia. 

Egypt  loses  her  Syrian  posses- 
sions. 


Masinissa  harasses  the  Cartha- 
ginians, and  injures  their 
commerce. 


180 


Ptolemy  Ptilometer,  king  of 
Egypt. 


208.  Battle  of  Lamia,  near  Elis 
— Philip,  of  Macedon,  de 
feats  the  yEtolians. 


206.  Battle  of  Mantinea  : 
PhilopcEinen.  the  Prae- 
tor of  Achaia,  deleats  tlie 
Spartans. 


200.  The  Rhodians  defeat  tl:e 
Macedonian  fleet  near  Chios. 
— Siege  of  Abydos.— Second 
Macedonian  War  begins. 


195.  The  Achaeans  and  Spar- 
tans join  tlie  Romans  against 
Macedon. 

197.  Philip  III.  defeated  at  Cy- 
nocephalffi  by  the  Roman's, 
imder  Flaminius. 

195.  Flaminius.  the  Roman, 
quarrels  with  Nabis,  king  of 
Sparta. 


139.    Epinis  declared  free  by 

the  Romans. 
ISS.     Philopnemen    abrogates 

the   laws  of    Lycurgus    in 

Sparta. 


lS-3.  Philopremen  defeated  and 
killed  by  Dinocrates,  king  of 
Messinla. 


Rome,  etc. 


210.  S  c  i  p  i  0  takes  N'ew 
Carthage,  and  conquer.--  A?; 
drubal. 

207.  Xero  and  Livy  defeat  As- 
drubal  at  Metaurus — A.sdru 
bal  killed. 

200.  The  Carthaginians  drivec 
out  of  Spain. 

201.  Scipio  carries  tlie  war 
into  Africa. 


201.  Scipio  carries  Syphax  is 
triumph  to  Rome. 


197.    Flaminius  victorious  in 
Macedon. 

195.    Gate    in  Spain. 


lO*".  War  with  Antiochus.  of 
Syria,  who  is  totally  defeat- 
ed by  L.  C.  Scipio,  and 

188.  Syria  is  made  a  Roman 

province. 
1S7.  Sripin  Africanus  bajiisb- 

ed  from  Rome. 


1=3,  Cato,  the  elder,  censor, 
ISl.  Plague  at  Rome. 

1=50.  Death  of  Scipio  Afric*. 

nus. 
179.  Noma's  'looks  founi  In  1 

stone  ccfTin  at  Rome. 


24 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


179  B.C.- 


■.  0. 

PRoanEBB  OP  Society,  etc. 

The  Jews. 

Asia. 

17G.  Ileliodorus  in  Jerusalem. 

175.    Jason  obtains  the    high 

priesthood  by  corruption. 

172.  Jason  defeated  by  Mene- 

172.    Antiochus  IV.  (Epiphd- 

laus. 

nes)  king  of  Syria. 
1 7 1  —declares  war  against  Pt» 
lemy  Philomater." 

170 

Paper  invented  in  China. 

170.  Jerusalem  and  the  temple 

170.   An   irruption  of  Tartan 

169 

Polybius,  liistorian  of  Greece 

plundered      by     Antiochus 

into  China. 

and  Rome. 

Kpiphanes,  who  attempts  to 

The  comedies  of  Terence  per 

abolish  tlie  Jewish  religion, 

formed. 

and  commits  great  cruelties. 

168 

An  eclipse  of  the  moon,  which 
was  predicted  by  Q.  S.  fJal- 
lus. 

167 

The  first  library  opened    at 

167.  Matthias,  High  Priest. 

Rome,  consist  uig  of  booivs 

166.  Prustas,  kit  ^  of  I  ithynia. 

brnu^lit  from  Macedon. 

The  Roman  treasury  is  so  rich 

I60.    Judas   Maccabeus  ex- 

that   the    citizens    pay    no 

pels  the  Syrians,  and  puri- 

taxes. 

fies  the  temple. 

162 

Hipparchus  of  Nice  fixes  the 
first  degree  of  longitude  and 

latitude     at     Ferro.    wliose 

164.      Antiochus     Epiphanes 

most     western     point    was 

died. 

made  the  lirsi  general  meri- 

162. Demetrius  Soter,  king  of 

dian—lays  the  foundation  of 

Syria. 

.Miihridates     Philopater, 
king  of  Cappadocia. 

Trigonometry. 

161 

Philosophers  and  rhetoricians 
banished  from  Rome. 

IGl.    Judas   kills  Nicanor— is 

succeeded  by  Jonathan. 

First  treaty  with  the  Ro- 

mans. 

153.  Jonathan  compels  the  IJac- 

chides  to  withdraw — is  mur- 

159 

The  clepsydra  or  water  clock 

dered  by  Tryphon. 

invented  by  Scipio  Nascia. 

157.    Mithndates  V.,  king  <y! 
Pontus. 

153.    Ariarathes  VII.,  king  0 
Cappadocia. 

150 

Hipparchus.  of  Rhodes,  astro- 

150. Jews  take  Jopfa. 

150.  Alexander  Bala  kills  D» 

nomer.  —  Aristarchus,     of 

metrius,and  takes  the  throne 

Alexandria,  grammarian. 

149.  Prusias,  of  Bithynia,  kil/ 
ed  by  his  son  Nicomeda* 

146  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


25 


Cato's  embassy  to  Carthage. 


155  Embaspy  of  Diogenes. 
Carniades,  and  Critolaus  to 
Rome. 


152  jMisFJnissa  defeats  the  Cartha-  15'^.   Andriscus  usurpinj  the 

ginians.  government  of  Macedon,  is 

Jdint  reii,'n  of  Philomater  and  conquered  by  Meiellua 

Pliyso)n  in  EL'vpt. 


15) 


US.    Perseus,  king  of  Mace- 
don. 


171.  Third  Macedonian  War. 


168.  Per.seus  defeated  at  Pyd- 
na,  liy  Paulus  Emilius.— 
Macedon  becomes  a  Ro- 
man Province. 


105.  Romans  enter  Achaia. 


CARTIIAfJE    TAKE> 

destroyed. 


M7.  Metellns  defeats  the  Arli- 
scans  in  Greece. 

140.  Cnrinlii  t;ikrn  and  de- 
siroycil  by  Miiminins.  — 
CRilECi; '!»■(■.,,„,-•  a  HO- 
MAN  I>KOV(NCK  under 
tlic  name  of  Achaia. 


RCi.MB,  ETC. 


170.       Tiberius     and     Cuius 
Gracchus. 


167.  Census  327,038. 


1.").  Romans  unsuccessi'ttl  la 

Spain. 


151.  Defeat  of  Ga'.ba. 


49.  Third  Punic  War. 


Conquest  of  C'arthage  and 
of  Corinlli. 

Greece  annexed  to  thi 
Roman  empire. 


26 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


146  B.C.- 


\16 


U3 


133 


Progress  of  Society,  etc. 


'.10 


Alexandria,  the  centre  of  com- 
merce. 


Ilipparchus  begins  his    new 
cycle  of  the  moon. 


Toothed  tchcels  applied  to  the 
clepsydra  by  Ctesibiu.s. 

Learning  and  learned  men 
liberally  patronized  by  Ptol- 
emy Physcon. 

Diodorus  and  Satyrus,  peri- 
jjatetics  ;  Nicander.  physi- 
cirni  and  poet ;  Lucius  Ac- 
cius,  tragic  poet ;  Aristobu- 
lus,  the  Jewish  peripatetic. 

Equestrian  order,  a  distinct 
class. 


Revival  of  learning  in  China. 


The  theory  of  eclipses  known 
to  the  Chinese. 


L.  Ccelius  Antipater,  histo- 
rian ;  Lucillius,  the  first 
Roman  satirist;  Apollodo- 
rus,  of  Athens,  cbronologist ; 
Castor,  of  Rhodes,  chrono- 
loeist;  Anthemon,  philoso- 
pher. 

First  au7nptuary  laic  at  Rome. 


142.  Simon,  High  Priest. 


135.  End  of  the  Apocrypha. — 
Jerusalem  besieged  by  An- 
tiochus  IV. 


130.  John  Ilyrcanns  delivers 
Judea  from  the  Syrian  yoke  : 
— reduces  Samaria  and  Idu- 
mea. 


lOS.  Ilyrcanus  destroys  Sama- 
ria. 

107.  — succeeded  by  his  son 
Aristobulus.  who  first  as- 
sumes the  title  of  king. 

lOo.  Alexander  Jarmeua  at 
war  with  Egypt— takes  Ga- 
za.—  Rebellion  excited  by 
the  Pharisees. 


137.  Antiochus  IV.  (Sidetes), 
king  of  Syria. 


134.  Antiochus  invades  Jude« 


130.    Antiochus  IV.    defeatei. 

and  killed  in  a  war  with  Par- 

thia. 
129.    Demetrius  II.   (Nicator 

regains  Syria. 
123.    Mithridates    the    Great 

kir.g  of  Pontus. 


III.  Mithridates  conquers 
Scythia,  Bosphorus,  Col- 
chis, &c. 


loo  r..c. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


27 


J.  c. 

Afhica. 

IlO.MAN 

Emfirs. 

l-lti 

Commerce  of  ihe  world  cen- 
tres at  Alexaiiiliid. 

In  the  East. 

In  Europe. 

145 

Ptolomy     Puvr^coii     Ijcconies 
sole   king  oY  Ejypt  by  tlie 
death  of  Prmomaier. 

141.  Numar.tian  War. 

140.  The  Picts  from  the  non» 

of  Englanil  .settle  in  th"!  south 

of  Scotland. 

135.     Servile  war  in  Sicily. 

13:3.   Plrgamus,  a   Roman 

I'ii.   Nnmatiiia  destroyed  by 

Province. 

Scipio  :   Spain  becomes*  a 
Roman  Puovinck. 

Death  of  Tiberius  Grtic- 
chus. 

129 

Ptolemy  Physcon  driven  from 
liis  tlirone  for  his  cruelty. 

12s 

Pestilence  in  Etrypt. 

l2;i 

Carriage  rebuilt'. 

l'.S.    Tribunate   of     0  a  i  u  i 

lis 

Deaih   of    Micip.<a,    kinij     of 

US.  Dalmatia.   a    R  0  11  a  n 

Gracchus. 

NiiiiiiiJia.  and  the  a.ssassina- 

Province. 

ti"n  of  ]Jiemp.-al  by  Jtigur- 
tha. 
Ptolemy    Lathyru.?,    king    of 

ilG 

I'.'-'ypt. 

1 13.  First  great  migration  oj 

112 

Jutriiithine  \\  ar. 

the  German  nations. 

109.  War  of  tlie  Teutoni  anJ 
C'iinbri. 

vr; 

Alexander  1  .  king  of  Egypt. 

>)6 

Jiijrurtha  is  'lefeaicd  and  snr- 

lO.j.  \umidia  becomes  a  Ro- 

renderH  Muinidia  to  the  Ko- 

j/ifin  prorincc  hii  l/ie  defeat 

IlitUlb. 

vf  J„<;,nlha. 
lOi    'Ihe 'JVuh.ni  defeat  80,(X)0 

Romans  on  the  banks  of  tI;o 

Rhone. 
10-J.      -M  a  r  i  u  s      victnrioui 

over  ilie  'I'euinni  and  Ainbro- 

nes  at  AijUit  Sexla;. 
101.  Mariu.-.  and  Catullus  de- 

lent  the  Ciinbri. 
10"  1,  M.irius  buys  his  sixth  con- 

sulaie. 

Uanishment  of  Met«lliw 

28 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


99  B.C.- 


Prooress  op  Socibty,  etc. 


Libraries  of  Athens  sent  to 
Rome  by  Syiia. 

Decline  of  Agriculture  in 
Italy ;  corn  supplied  from 
the  provinces. 

Posidonius  calculates  the 
height  of  the  atmosphere  to 
be  about  StW  stadia. 

Ze/M.ofSidon.the  Epicurean 
Apellicon  of  Athens  ;  Alex- 
ander Polyp/iis/or.ihe  2ram 
marian ;  Phutius  Gidlus 
rhetorician ;  Q.  Wilerim, 
Ayilias,  Roman  historian 
Q.  Ilortensius,  orator. 

The  rjierry  tree  hrou;:ht  to 
Europe  from  Asia  by  Lu- 
cuUus.  —  Terentius  Varro 
writes  three  books  on  agri- 
culture. 

The  Romans  possess  gold 
mines  in  Asia  Minor,  ^tace- 
donia,  Sardinia  and  Gaul; 
and  productive  silver  mines 
in  Spain. 

The  t^rst  irater  mill  described 
near  a  dwelling  of  Mithri- 
dates. 

Ebony  introduced  at  Rome  by 
Ponipey. 

Vikraviaditya  kin?  of  Ozenc, 
in  India,  patron  of  literature 
— at  his  court  flnurish  Ame- 
ra  Sinka,  le.vicoiranher: 
Varcruchi.  Errammarian  ; 
Kalidasa,  poet. 


79.  Alexandra,  widow  of  ,Tan- 
neus.  governs  Judea. 


70.  Ilyrcanus  II..  High  Priest, 
deposed  by  his  brother  Aris- 
tobulus. 

67.  Aristobulus  and  Ilyrcanus 
appeal  to  Pompey,  who  en- 
ters Judea  and  takes  .lerusa- 
lem.  and  reslores  Ilyrcanus 
to  the  priesthood. 


9S.  China  sti  Bubmits  to  th« 
Han  dyna.-.ty;  S  e  m  a  t- 
z  i  n  ,    I'jmperor. 

97.  Miihridates  conquers  Cap- 
padocia. 

95.  Oappadocia  declared  fre« 
by  Rome.  —  Ariobarzanei 
elected  king. 

94.  AntiocJius,  king  of  Syria, 
defeated  ty  Seleucus. 

93.  Tigranes,  king  of  Arme- 
nia." 


S9.  Pontus  at  war  with  Romo. 


86.  Mithridates  takes  Bythi- 
nia  and  several  Roman  pro- 
vinces. 

S3.  Tigranes  made  king  o< 
Syria. 


5.  By  the  death  of  Niconne- 
des  Hythinia  beci>me3  a 
orovince. 


63.  .HIDE A  A  ROMAN  PftO- 
'     VINCE. 


I.    Damascus    possessed    by 
the  Romans. 

60.  Miihridates  and  Tigranei 
defeated  by  LucuUus. 

66.  Mithridates  defeated  by 
Pompey. 

0.").  Antiochus  XII.  defeated 
by  Pompey. — The  race  of 
the  Seleucids  becomes  ex- 
tinct. —  Ariobarzanes  II., 
kins  of  Capptidocia. — An 
earthquake  in  Bosphorua 
lays  in  ruins  several  town.s. 

61.  bejcitarus,  kin?  of  Galatia, 
seizes  .Armenia  Minor. 

33.  Pharmaces,  kingof  Fontui. 


6:;  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


29 


97 


82 


Africa. 


By  the  death  of  Ptolemy 
Apion,  Cyrene  becomes  a 
Roman  nrovince. 


Roman  Empire. 


In  Asia  and  Africa. 


97.  Annexation  of  Cyrene. 


ReToIt    in     Upper     Etrvpt.— 

Thebss  (iestroye.!. 
Alexander  II.,  king  of  Egypt, 


Ptolemy     A«lete3 
Egypt. 


S9.    Mithridatic  War;   Sylla 

commands  the  Roman  army. 
88.    The    Atlienians  .seek    as- 

.'i.stance     from     Mithridates 

aeainst  Rome. 
SG.  Athens,  reduced  by  famine, 

is  taken  by  Sylia. 

8.3.  Second  Mithridatic  War. 
82.  Svila  plunders  the  temple 
of  Delphi. 


In  Europe. 

99.  L  u  s  i  t  a  n  i  a  conquered 
by  Dolabella,  and  becomes 
a  Roman  province.— Birth 
of  Julius  Caesar. 


91.  Social  War  in  Italy. 


8  Sylla  defeating  the 
Marsi  and  Peligni,  puts  aa 
end  ti^  the  Social  War. 

Civil   War  between  Ma- 
rius  and  Svlla. 


$2.  Sylla  defcat.s  Marius,  and 
is  createdpe;7je/i^a/  dictate^ 

;80.  JULIUS CiESAR'SFiR«T 

'9.    P  0  m  p  e  y    defeats    Dc-      Campaign. 
mitiu<  in  A'rica. 


3.    Bythinia    a    Roman 
Province. 


74.    Third     Mithridatic    War 
under  Lucullus. 


on.  Mflellua  subdues  Crete. 
P  o  n  t  u  s     becomes      a 
R  n  m  an    Province. 

Syria,     a     Roman 
Province. 


77.  Sertorius  revolts  in  Spam 
and  defeats  Metellus  and 
Pompey. 


73.     War   of    Spartacus,    the 
gladiator. 

71.     Sp.-'.rtacus    defeated    by 
Crassus. 


70.      Pompey 

ConsuK. 
Census  4 


M.  '1'.  CicKKo,  Consul. 


J3.  Catiline's 
detected  anil 
by  Cicero. 


Consj)iracy 
supprcshcd 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


62  B.C. 


•.  0.   Progress  op  Society,  etc.  The  Jews. 


62 


eo 


66 


Magnificent  houses  of  tlie 
nobles ;  marble  theatre  uj 
Scaurus,  to  hold  30,000  spec- 
tators. 

Cicero,  statesman  and  orator  ; 
Sallust,  historian;  Lucre- 
tius and  Catullus,  poets ; 
ApoUonius,  of  Rhodes,  rhe- 
torician ;  Aristomedes,  of 
Crete,  grammarian ;  Andro- 
nicus,  of  Rhodes,  peripate- 
tic philosopher. 


Iron  chain  cables  used  by  the 
Veneti. 


A  water  mill  on  the  Tiber  at 
Rome. 


The  Alexandrian  library  (400,- 
000  vols.)  burnt. 

The  year  of  confusion  —  so 
called  because  the  calendar 
was  altered  by  Sosigenes. 


Casar  reforms  the  Calendar, 
by  introducing  the  solar  in- 
stead of  the  lunar  year. — 
First  Julian  year.  —  Vitru- 
vius.  the  greatest  Roman  ar- 
chitect. 

Cornelius  Nepns,  historian ; 
DioloTu^  Siculus,  histo- 
rian 


Asia. 


53.   Crassus  plunders  the  tem- 
ple of  10,000  talents. 


48.  Antipater,  the  Idumean,  is 
made  lieutenant  in  Judea  by 
Cassar. 


43,  Judea  oppressed  by  Cras- 
sus. 

IMalichus    poisons    Anti- 
pater. 

40.  Ilerod  the  Great,  son  of 
Antipaier,  defeats  his  rival. 
Antisonus,  and  Parcorus. 
the  Parihian^takes  Jerusa- 
lem— marries  >rariamne — is 
made  king  by  the  Romans. 


53.  Parthian  War. — The  Ro- 
mans defeated. — Crassus 
slain. 


49.      The  era  of  A  ntiock. 


47.     Battle   of    Zela.— Phar- 
naces  conquered  by  Cffisar. 


et  seen  in  China, 


59.  The  Parthians,  tinder 
Pacorns,  defeated  by 
\'entidiiis. 

])arins,  kincj  of  Pontus. 

;S.  Ariobarzanes  dethroned 
by  Marc  Antony. 


38  B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


31 


PtOicmy  goes  to  Rome,  Bere- 
lice  reigQS  in  liis  absence. 


The  African  War. — Scipio 
I  and  Juba  defeated  at 
I  Thapsus. — Cato  kills  him- 
I  self  at  Utica. —  I'tolemy 
]  )ionyhius  drowned  in  the 
I      Nile. 

Ciesar  rebnilds  Carthage. 


Cleopatra  poi=on'i  her  brother 
a'  J  reiu'Hs  alo.'^.e 


Roman   Empire. 


Boat. 


53.  Crassus  defeated  and  killed 
in  Parthia. 


48.  The.<!.«aly  becomes  the  seat 
of  war. — The  Athenians  de- 
clare for  Caesar  aiainst  Pom- 
pey. 

Battle  of  Plimsalia: — Poin- 
pey,  defeated  by  C.Tsar.  flees 
into  Egypt,  and  is  slain  there. 

47.  Cassar  take,s  Alexandria, 
and  coiupiers  Eiiyjil. — Ca:'- 
sar  victorious  at  Zela,  in 
Asia. 

45.  Corinih  rebuilt  bv  Casar 


60.  First  Triumvirate  ;— 
Pompey,Crassus,  and  .luliui 
Cffisar. 

Sciold.  first  kin?  of  Den- 
mark. —  Boh  a  fierce  son 
of  Odin. 

58.  Clodius  prt/cures  the  ban 
ishment  of  Cicero.  —  The 
Helvetii  defeated  by  Julius 
Caesar. 

57.  Cicero  recallet..  —  S  a  I  ■ 
lust  e.xpelled  from  the 
senate. — Gylf,  king  of  Swe- 
den. 

55.  Caesar  passes  the 
Rhine,  <lefeats  the  Get- 
mans    and   Gauls,  and    In 

VADES    HuITAIN. 

oi.  Cajsar's  second  invasion 
of  Britain. 


52.  Pompey,  sole  consul. 

51.  CtBsar  completes  the  con- 
quest of  Gaul,  which  be- 
comes a  Roman  province. 

49.  Caesar  passes  the 
Rul)icon,  and  in  sixty 
days  makes  himself  master 
of  Italy— marches  into  Spain 
and  forces  Pompey's  troops 
to  surrender. 

43.  Battle  of  Dyrrhachium. 


4.".  C  as  s  a  r  perpetual 
diet  a  t  o  r  —  he  sididues 
the  two  sons  of  P(inii)ey,  ami 
acquires  the  .sole  power. 

44.  f^a'sar  assassinated  in  the 
Senate  House, 

43.  Siriivil  'J'rimnr irate: — ■ 
Orlavius  Ca-sar,  M.irc  An- 
tony, and  I.epidus. — Cicero 
proscribed  and  murdered. 

42.  I'hr  liiUtlrof  Philijmi:— 
Antony  and  fjctavius  defeal 
Bruiu-'  and  Cas.siuo. 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


36  B.C.- 


PnooREsa  OF  Socisty,  etc. 


29 


Golden  age  of  Roman  litera- 
ture. 

Tlie  revenue  of  the  empire  30.  Herod  kills  Mariamne. 
amounts  to  about  40  millions 
sterling. — First  standing  ar- 
my in  Rome. — Direct  trade 
01  Rome  witli  Imlia. — Silk 
and  linen  manufactories 
in  the  empire. 

Temple   of    Janus    at    Rome 
closed— there  being  now 
general  peace. 


Treasures  of  Egyptian  art 
brought  to  Rome. — The  Pan- 
theon built. 

Horace,  Virgil,  Tibutlus, 
Projyertius,  poets ;  I'arrus 
and  Tucca.  critic.^;  Livy. 
historian  ;  Mmcenas.  minis- 
ter of  Augustus,  patron  of 
literature :  Stra/io.  geogra 
pher;  ^milius  Macer.  of 
Verona,  poet ;  Agrijma.  war- 
rior, and  patron  of  the  arts. 

Worship  oj  Isis  at  Rome. 

Pantomimic  dances  intro- 
duced on  the  Roman  stase. 


i3 1  Aquediicti 
Agrippa. 


constructed     by 


Dedications  of  b'>ik$  firei  in- 
troduced. 


19.  The  Temple  rebuilt  by 
Herod — he  also  builds  Cy- 
pron.  Antipatrib.  Pliarscelis. 
and  the  tower  of  Phasael  in 
Jerusalem. 


The  legions  dist|ibuted  over 
the  provinces  in  li.ted  camps, 
which  soon  grew  into  cities 
— among  them  were  Bonn 
and  Mayence. 

The    calenda'    corrected    by 

Augustus. 
Dionysius,  of  Halicnrnassus, 
historian  ;    and  Dionysius. 
geographer. 

BIRTH  OF  OUR  SAVIOUR,  JESUS  CHRIST,  4  years  be- 
I     lore  the  Vulgar  Era. 
3.  Archelaus  succeeds  Herod 
with  the  title  of  Ethnarch. 


Cvrenius  taxes  Judea. 


31.  Antony  takes  possessioa 
of  Armenia,  which  !jecome« 
a  Roman  province  —  leadi 
an  inglorious  e-xpeditioi' 
asainst'Parthia. 


29.     E  p  h  e  s  u  s  ,     next     to 

Ale.\andria,  the  chief  plac« 
of  trade  in  the  Roman  em 
pire. 


20.  Porus,  kini;  of  India, 
solicits  an  alliance  with 
Rome. 

Parthians     defeated     by 
Tiberius. 

14.  Polemon  conquers  Bos- 
porus. 


B.C. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


33 


Roman   Empire. 


36iCleo(atra    obtains    from   An- 
I     tony  a.  grant   of   Phoenicia, 

Gyrene  and  Cyprus. 
31 1 — receives  all    Asia  from  the 

Juediterranean  to  the  Indus. 


II 


Cleopatra  and  Marc  Antony  | 
defeated  ty  Octavius,  at  | 
Actium. 


Alexandria  taken  by  Octavius. 
— Antony  and  Cleopatra  de- 
stroy themselves. 

Egypt  become'.-  4  Ra- 
man   province 


21.  Athens  finally  subjected  '.o 

Rome. 
20.  CXClh  Olympiad, 


;  8.  Tiberius  at  Rhodes. 
5.  Q.  Varrirs  ajipointed   ci 
emor  of   Syria,  and   Cyi 
piu.'^  governor  of  .ludea.' 


36.    Sextus   Pompey   defeated 
in  Sicily. 


32.  Antony  quarrels  with  Oc- 
'.avius. 

31.  Hy  the  BATTLE  OF  AC- 
TIUM Octavius  acquire! 
the  empire. 


!30.    THE     REPUBLIC    BE 
I     COMES   A  MONARCHY. 


29.  Octavius"?  8  aays  triumph 
at  Rome. 

Temple  of  Janus  shut 
Rome  contains  4,101,017 
citizens. 
27.  The  titles  of  Augustus  and 
Emperor  conferred  on  Octa- 
vius for  10  years. 


23.  Agrippa  in  Spain. 


22.  Conspiracy  of  Muraena. 
21.    Augustus    visits    Greece 

and  Asia. 
IB.    Lollius    defeated  by    tht 

Germans. 
15.  Canial)ria.  Austria.   Uhce- 

bia,  Vindeleiicia  ami   Ma-sia 

become  Roman  provinces— 

Ijeiiig  con()uered   by    Uru 

s  us. 
13.     Ausustus     assumes    the 

title  oi  Poi;tif(  X  Ma.ximus. 
12.    Pannonia.   con(iuered   by 

T  i  I)  e  r  i  n  s .  becomes  a  Ro 

man  jirovince. 
11.  Germany  sul)dued  r  -'  Ger 

maiiicus. 


4.  CymUline,  ting  of  Brita'n. 


PART    II. 
MODERN  CHRONOLOGY 

FROM  THE  CHRISTIAN  ERA  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME 


36 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


I   A.D.- 


% 


PiiOGRESs  OF  Society,  etc. 


Sacred. 


CtUus  the  physician ;  Phmdrns,  the  fabu- 
list ;  VcHius'  Paterculus,  Raman  histo- 
rian. 


The  BIRTH  OF  CHRIST :— (see  p.  44.) 

nerod  Amipas  being  at  this  time  tetrarca 
of  Galilee. 


8.  Christ  reasons  with  the  doctors. 


The  Druids  in  Germany 


Philo,  Alexandrian  Jew,  disciple  of  Plato. 
Seneca,  moral  philosopher. 


Valerius  Maximus,  historian, 

Appion.  of  Alexandria,  eraminarian,  called 
the  "Trumpet  of  the  World." 


A  census  being  taken  by  Claudius,  the  em- 
peror and  censor,  the  inhabiiants  ol'  Koine 
are  fuund  10  aniouirt  to  6.9l)li,iK)().—(,Univ. 
Hist.)— [Move  tliau  three  times  the  number 
(5f  London  at  present.] 

Columella,  horn  in  Spam;  left  twelve  books 
on  husbandry. 


■2o.  Pontius  Pilate,  goremor  of  Judea. 

26.  John  tlie  Baptist  begins  Iris  ministry. 

27.  Clirist  baptized  by  Jolm 

23.  — at  the  marriage  in   Cana.  —  Matthew 

called. 
29   Twelve  disciples  sent  abroad,  '•  two  and 

two." 

30.  CRUCIFIXION  of  our  SAVIOUR,  Fri- 
day, April  3.  at  3  P.  M.  ;  Resurrection. 
Sunday,  April  5;  Ascension,  Thursday. 
May  4. 

33.  St.  Peter  baptizes  Cornelius. 

31.  St.  Paul  converted  to  Christianity. 

39.  St.  Matthew  writes  his  gospel. 

40.  The  disciples  first  called  C)iristian.i  ai 
Antioch. 

41.  Herod's  persecution  :  St.  Peter  imprisoned 


44.   5'/.  Mark  writes  his  gospel. —Death  ol 

St.  James, 
A').  Barnabas  and  Paul  preach  in  Cyprus. 


50  Paul  preaches  in  the  Areopagus,  at  Athen 


52.  Council  of  the  Apostles  at  Jerusalem. 


55.  Paul  preaches  at  Ephesus,  and  at  Ciesa 
rca. 

57.  — pleads  before  Felix. 
59.  —pleads  before   Festus,   and  app««]a  tc 
CsBsar. 


59  A. 1). 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


37 


Roman  Empiub. 


East. 
Caiui  CjBaar  makes  peace  with  the  Panhians. 


Germanicus  conquers  Cappadccia. 
Germanicus  poisoned  at  Autioch. 


20  Thrace  becomea  a  Roman  province. 


Wcat. 

Tiberius  returns  to  Rome. 

3.  Cinna's  cons^piracy  detected. 

— Caius  C'a;?ar  dies. 
G.  Q.  Varrus  encampeii  on  tlie  Weser,  gov- 
erns Lower  Germany  like  a  Romar.   pr* 
vince. 
9.  Tlie  Germans,  under  Arminiun,  del'eal  anJ 
kill  Varrus. 
Ovid  is  banished  to  Tomos. 
14    Auijustus  dies  at  Nola.  aged  7C,  and   is 
succeeded  bv 

P- 
Tiberius  ,@ — 

19    Tlio   Jew.s   banished   from    Rome. — The 

Marcornamii  coi.quere  1  by  Drusus. 
i\.  Tile  llieatre  of  Pompey  destroyed  by  3ro. 


2G.  Tiberius  retires  to  Caprsea. 


31.  Sejanus  disgraced  and  put  to  death. 

33.  Conquest  of  Mauriiania. 
£7.  Tiberius  dies,  azed  7S. 


-(;  a  I  i  s  u  1  a  ,  ■3^- 


(noted  for  his  pruHisacy  and  folly.) 
41.  Caligula  as.sassinated  by  Chereas. 
■ C  I  a  u  d  i  u  s  ^p 


sui-i-ceds  to  the  ihrone. 
4;!    — invades  llritaiii  wiili  iiis  general,  Plan- 


f),  Ve-;pasian.  ii-m-ral  in  Hritain. 
IS.  Census  of  the  city,  ().'Mi,^*M. 


'A.  Caractarus,  (lie  cliief  of  ttie  Britom!,  CO» 
qucred  and  brouglit  to  Rome. 


■  o  .'^tj* 


a  pnillit.'.-ite  and  bloody  tyrant 
55.  — poison-:  Uiiianicus. 
50    Jiullerdrim  built. 


59.  Nero','!  iMolher,  Agrippina,  put  to  rtiiatb  by 
his  order. 


i:uKU 


ij  -.1    «  T- 


38 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


59  A.D.- 


Prooress  of  Society,  etc. 


96 


N arc's  golden  palace  built  :  of  great  extent, 
in'Josing  fields,  ikc.  The  buildings  in 
Rome  more  regular  after  the  fire. 


Pliny,  the  elder,  author  of  the  first  natural 
history  ;  Quintius  Curtius,  historian  ;  Per- 
sius,  satirist. 


67   Josephus,  the  Jewish  historian. 


The  Coliseum  of  Vespasiai\. 


The   Capitol    rebuilt. 
Circumnavigation  of  Scotland, 
Destruction  of  Herculaneum  and  Pompeii. 


Very  beautiful  paintings  in  the  BatLs  of 
Titus;    the  group  of  the  Laocoon. 

Qiiintillian.  orator;  Valerius  Flacciis.  poet ; 
Martial,  Epigrammatist;  Apollojiius,  Py- 
thagorean philosopher;  Epictetus,  stoic; 
Dio  Chrysoslo?n,  Greek  rhetorician  and  phi- 
losopher; Philo  DyH<us  ;  Ignatius  andPa- 
pias,  two  of  the  fathers  of  ilie  church. 


Tacitus,  historian;  Juvenal,  satirist;  Sla- 
tius,  poet ;  Aid.  Gellius,  Latin  gramma- 
rian ;  Plutarch,  moralist  and  biographer ; 
",he  younger  Pliny. 


The  Ulpian  library;  Public  schools  in  all 
the  provinces  ;  Jurisprudence  flourishes  : 
the  city  adorned  with  the  Furum ;  Pillar 
of  Trajan,  and  baths;  bridst  built  over 
tne  Danube. 


Sacred  anb  Ecclesiastical. 


59.  Paui  is  shipwrecked  on  the  Isiasd  »' 
Melita  (Malta). 

60.  Paul  imprisoned  at  Rome 

63.  Paul  set  at  liberty. 

6i.   The  first  persecution  of  Chriatiant   ^ 

Nero. 

63  to  66.  Paul  visits  Jerusalem,  and  trav»li 
through  the  greater  part  of  the  known 
world. 

66.  Pope  Linus.* 

The  Jews  at  war  with  the  Romans,  and 
Paul  beheaded. 
St.  Peter  crucified. 

67.  The  Jews  massacred  by  Florus. — Josephus, 
governor  of  Galilee. 

Pope  St.  Clement. — Gamaliel. 
63.  Vespasian  invades  Judea. 


70.  ThedestrtictionofJcrusale7ii,by  Tittis 


Tt.  Pope  St.  Cletus 


83,  Pope  Anacletus. 


95.  Second  persecution  of  the  Chiistiaiu  bj 

Domitian. 

St.  John  writes  his  Gosfiel  and  K\t0CM.- 
lypse,  and  is  banished  to  the  isle  of  Patmaa 

96.  Pope  Evaristus 


97.   Timothy  stoned. 

St.  John  returns  from  exile. 

93.  Christian  assemblies  prohibited  by  TrmjaB 


*  The  word  Pope  is  used  in  accordanca 
with  the  Roman  Catholic  usage,  though  th« 
name  was  not  adopted  by  their  Poiitifla  liK 
several  centuries  alter. 


98  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


Roman  Empikb. 


CorbulJ  subdues  Armenia. 


Tiridates  placed  or.  ihe  throne  of  Armenia  by 
Nero. 


Judea  subdued  and  Jerusalem   destroyed  by 

Tiius. 
Vespasian  conquers  Lycia,  Rhodes,  Thrace, 

Cilicia.  Ryzantiuni  and  Samos. 
Revolt  of  the  Panliiaus. 


West. 


61.  Revolt  of  the  Bnions  under  queen  Boa 
dicea  ;  they  burn  London.  The  queen,  de- 
feated by  iiuetunius,  poisons  herself 

64.  Nero  sets  Rome  on  fire,  and  accuses  the 
Christians  of  the  crime. 

— persecutes  the  Christians — Seneca,  Ia^ 
cian,  and  others  put  to  death. 


G  a  1 ba, 


reigns  9  months,  and  is  put  to  death  by 


•  O  t  h  o  , 


(2  months)  defeated  and  killed  by 


•  V  i  t  e  1  1  i  u  s  , 


who  is  defeated  by  the  army  of 


Vespasian 


U.  A  !ireat  plague  at  Rome,  10,000  dying  t. 
one  day. 


-Titus  ,'^- 
(beneficent.) 


Herculaneum    and    Pumpeii    destroy  '.J 
by  an  irruption  of  Vesuvius. 
0.  Julius  Agricolii,  conqueror  and  goverr,  .-■'; 
of  Britain,  reduces  Wales,  enters  Caledon.  a. 


•D  o  m  i  t  i  a  n  ,  ^^ 
(  a  cruel  tyrant.) 


80.  Dercehnl,  leader  of  the  German  hoidcf, 
defeats  Domitian,  and  compels  him  to  pay  « 
yearly  tribute. 

88.  Capitiillne  and  secular  games. 
War  Willi  Uacia  10  years. 


96.  Domitian  put  to  death  by  Stephacui. 


\  e  r  V  a  , 


(well  intcntioned  but  cnleeclei  by  age.; 


-Trajan," 


(a  ^riMt  .'■■nveri'iL'n  and  a  warrt'ir.) 
Tilt'  It'im.in  Kinpire  at  its  srea'^wt  <^ 
J.  ,Sn'':rus.  eeneral  in  Britain 


40 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


lOO  A.D.- 


137 


132 


Pkogress  of  Society,  etc. 


The  Jlist    credible    histyrian    among    ihe 
Chinese. 


The  ?reat  buildings  o]  Palmyra. — Temple  of 

the  Sun  at  Baalhec. 
The  Roman  mosaics. 


Jurisprudence  improved  by  the  publishment 
of  Adrian's  perjjetual  code. 

Ptolemy,  the  celebrated  Egyptian  astronomer 
and  geographer — Arrian,  Appian,  JSIaxi- 
7nus,'Lysius  and  Pausa7iius.  Greek  histo 
rians;  Luciini.  a  siitirical  writer;  Hermo- 
geties,  rhetorician  of  Tar-sus. 


Ecclesiastical. 


l(5(i   Tschang  Ilcng,  the  Chinese  astronomer 


169   f/o^en,  Greek  pliysician;  yl^/iffineus,  a  gram- 
marian:  Diogenes  Laerlius,  Greek  histo- 


The  equestrian  statue  of  Marcus  Aurelius. 


100.  St.  John  dies  ai  Ephesus,  aet.  94. 


107.  Third  persecution  of  the  ChriBUaM  fc) 

Trajan. 
\Qi.  St.  Ignatius  devoured  by  wild  beasts. 
Pope  Alexander  I. 


lis.  Fourth  persecution  of  the  Chrietiam  ly 

Adrian. 
119.  Pope  Sixtusl. 


126.  Quadratus,  bishop  of  Athens. 

127.  Pope  Telesphorus. 

VM.  Heresy  of  Prodicus,  chief  of  the  Ada- 
mites. 


134.  Heresy  of  Marcion,  who  acknowledges 
three  Gods. 

135.  Polycarp  and  Aristides,  Christian  fathers 

139.  Pope  Hygenus. 


142.  Pope  Pius  I. 

Heresy  of  Valentine. 


150.  Pope  Anic.eius. 

Canon  of  Scrijjture  fixed  about  this  time 

154.  Justin  Martyr  publishes  his  apoiogry  (o 
the  Christians. 


162.  PopeSoter. 


167.  Polycarp  a.ad  Pionices  martyred  in  ksOM 


171.  Pope  Eleutherus. 

177.   4  he  Cliristians  persecuted  at  Lyons — 

Tlu-ophil'.is.   Tiitian.  '.\w\  MoiUanas. 


185.  Pope  Victor  I. 
St   IrenoM*. 


l85  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RLCORl). 


41 


Roman  Empire. 


Plir.y,  proconsul  in  Bithynia,  sends  Trajan  his 
aicount  ol'  ihe  Christians. — Great  victories 
cf  Trajan. 


Trajan's  expedition  against  the  Parthians. 


Seizure  of  Otesiphon. 

Armenia  Major  again  governed  by  its  own 
lyings  de|)enilent  iipon  Rome. 

Nii'omcJia  and  other  cities  destroyed  by  an 
eartliquake. 


Adrian  in  Asia  Minor  for  seven  years. 

Adrian  rebuilds  Jerusalem,  under  the  name  of 

yElia  Capitolina,  and  erects  there  a  temple 

to  .Jupiter. 
The  rebellion  of  the  Jews  crushed  after  a  war 

of  live   years.— The  Jews    bani.=hed   fiom 

Judea. 


IfX).  The  Huns  emigrate  westwar  i. 
101.  Ti-ajan  reduces  Dacia. 


115.  Massacre  of  the  Greeks  and  Ron 
the  Jews  of  Cyrene. 


(UM  kj 


1'20.  — makes    t    progress    through    all     tha 
121.      provinces  -visits  Br/tain.  builds  there 
a  wall  from  the  Tyne  to  Solway  Frith. — A 
wall  built  from  the  Rhine  to  the  Danube. 


Embassy  sent  by  Antonmus  to  China. 


168  War  witi:  the  Parthia-is,  lasts  'i  years. 


13S. —  Antoninus    Pius,  ^^ — 

(eminent  for  his  virtues  and  love  ol  peace.) 

140.  Lollius  Urbicus  exlends  the  Roman  do- 
minion in  IJriiaiii,  and  erects  a  second  ram- 
part, called  tlie  Wall  of  Anioninus. 

145.  Antoninus  del'eais  ilie  Moors,  Gerniaiis, 
and  Dacians. 

140.  — introduces  the  worship  of  Serapis  lnt« 
Rome. 

152.  — slops  the  persecution  of  the  Christiana. 


IGI. —  Marcus    A  u  r  c  1  i  u  s  ,  ^^  (Anio- 
nii]U-<.) 
(till!  siciic  piiiiii.vopher.) 
Fscapc  of  the  ihuinltring  leu'lDn. 
I.5.S.  l'laL;ui;  over  the  whole  known  world. 


1C9    The  Mareonianni  at  war  with  Rome. 


180.   The   .■iiipei 
cee('rd  liy 


at    Siriniuni :    lu* 


«B9- 


(profliiralf  .-md  cnici ;)  makes  peace 

Willi  ihe  (;(!r;naiiK. 
<;OTII.S  ill  Dacia. 


42 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


189  A.D.- 


Proqress  of  Society,  etc. 


238 


235 


Papinian,  the  greatest  civil  lawyer  of  ana- 
quity — Julius  Africanus,  chronologer. 


Caracalla  grants  the  right  of  Roman  citizen- 
ship to  all  the  provinces,  that  they  may  be- 
come liable  to  the  taxes,  inlieritancea,  &c. 


Ecclesiastical. 


Ammonius,  founder  of  a  new  school  of  Pla- 
tonic philosophy  at  Alexandria. 
Dio  Cassias,  Greek  historian. 


Cenaorius,  a  critic  and  grammarian. 


Herodian,  Greek  historian. 
Longinus,  philosopher  and  ;ruic 


197.  Pope  Zephynnus. 


202.  Fifth  persecution  of  the  Christians  undel 
Severus. — 7'ertullian,  an  able  defender  o( 
Christianity. — Clemens,  of  Alexandria,  and 
Miuutius  Felix,  C.  F.* 


21".  Pope  Calixtus  I. 

The  Septuagint  found  in  a  cask. 


228.  Pope  Urban  I.      • 
2.34.  Pope  Pontianus. 

235.  Anterus. 

Driven,  C.  F. 

Sixtli  persecution  of  the  Christians,  undoi 
Maximinus,  in  which  Leonidas,  Irenaus. 
Victor,  Perpelua,  and  Felicilas  are  mar 
tyred. 


211.  Gregory  7'haumaturffus, and Dionytiui 
of  Alexandria,  C.  F. 


250.  Pope  St.  Cornelius. 

Seventh  persecution  of  the  Christiana 


Christian  Father. 


250  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


43 


Roman  Eiipirb. 


1S9 


East. 
The  SARACENS  defeat  the  Romans. 


PERSIA  ;  the  new  kingdom  begun  by  Artax- 
eries  ;  (the  dynasty  of  the  Sassasidae> 


Pariliia  tributary  to  Persia. 


Oordian  i«feats  tlie  Persians  under  Sapor 


West. 

139.  The  Capitol  of  Rome  destroyed  by  light 
ning. 

191.  Rome  nearly  destroyed  by  fire. 

192.  Commodus  as.sast;inated  by  Martia  ant 
Laetus. 


193. 


P  e  r  t  i  n  a  X  , 


proclaimed    by   the   PrtEtonan  guards — 
murdered  alter  a  reign  of  3  months. — The 
emi)ire  bought  by  jjidius  Juliaims,  who 
is  put  to  death  by  order  of  the  senate. 

Septimus   Severus,^g 

(governs  with  vigor.) 
— defeats  his  com^,etitors,  Niger  and  Albi- 
nus. 
191.  — besieges  Byzantium. 
202.  — persecutes  the  Christians. 
2LI3    — his  sons  Caracalla  and  Gea  go  to  Bri- 
tain, where  0O,tX)O  Roman  trciops  died  o( 
plauue. 

The  wall  of  Severus  between  the  Forth 
and  the  Clyde  buili. 

211.  Severus  dies  at  York,  in  Britain. 

Caracalla    and    Geta,  ^g 

Caracalla  murders  Geta. 

212.  — visits  the  provinces  along  the  Danubt 
— Wars  with  the  Catti  and  Alemanni. 

217.  Caracalla  is  assassinated. 


JI  a  c  r  i  n  u  s  , 


put  to  death  by  the  soldiers. 

8. H  e  1  i  0  g  a  b  a  1  u  s  ,  ^ 

(a  monster  of  vice  and  cruelty.) 

r2.-  A  1  e  X  a  n  d  e  r   Severus  ,^§ 

(a  beneficent  and  enlightened  prince.) 
The  Romans  airrfe  to  pay  an  annual  tri- 
bute to  the  (;oihs.  to   prevent  them  Iroiu 
nwlesting  the  enipiic. 
220.  The  victory  01  Severus  over  the  Persians 
at  Tadmor. 

23.').  Severus   niunlercd   in  a  mutiny  of  the 
rniy ;  succeeded  by 
— '- M  a  X  i  ni  1  n  u  s  ,  J^ — 


feats  the  Dacians  andSarmatians. 

<sinatod   by   his  troop! 


Maxiiniuu 
ar  Aijuilea. 


—  li  n  1  b  i  n  n  s-    and    G  o  r  d  i  a  n  ,  ^Y  - 
'1!     Tl.r.    l''i{AM\S    fn-^t  mentinned   m   his 

inrv:  ilu'V  invade  Gaul. 
JU.  —are  nijul.-'cd  at  Mngontiacum. 
Gordian  put  to  dr.nh  by 
f 

Philip  .^,^°(llie  Arabian,^ - 

who  makes  maki^i  peace  wuh  Sapor. 
217.  'I'he  secular  games  restnred. 

;.,j<j. 1)  r;  ejus  ^ 

(HMVcruti-s  the  Chnsiiann. 
■.3.')(i     -  lull   bv   ilir.  (Jiiih-'.   who  ittvaJa   thl 
'  einiiiii;  by  cios.iuv;  the  Danube. 


44 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


251  A.D. 


251 


268 


270 


Prooeess  -p  Society,  etc. 


Plotinus. 

Odin  in  Scandinavia. 


Paulus.  a  Roman  poet. 


Longinus  at  the  court  of  Zenobia. 


Rome  surrounded  with  a  wall. 
Longinus  dies. 


Porphyrif,  the  Greek  philosopher  and  opposer 

ol  Christianity. 
Extraordinary  naval  exprdition  of  the  Thra- 

cian    Franks    in    t  ^3   Mediterranean     and 

Northern  Seas. 


Diocletian's  Oriental  form  of  government— 
the  monarchy  cimsideren  hereditary— nomi- 
nation of  Caesars  as  co-rulcrs. 

Diocletian's  baDis,  containin;;  3,000  benches 
of  white  niarljje,  while  the  walls  were 
adorned  with  paintings. 


Ecclesiastical. 


251.  St   Cyprian,  bishop  of  Carthage. — MO' 
nastic  life  oi-iginates  about  this  tune. 

Dispute  between  the  churches  of  Room 
and  Africa  about  baptism. 


25C    Pope  Dionvsius 


202.    Paul,  bisnop  of  Samosatia,  dei  IM    lb* 
divinity  of  Jesus  Christ 


269.  Pope  Felix  I. 

272.  Ninth  persecution  under  Aurelian. 


274.  Pope  Eutychinnes. 

JMa?ies  originates  the  heresy  of  the  Maul- 
cha;ans — rejects  all  the  sacraments  ;  refusw 
allegiance  to  temporal  sovereigns,  &c. 


333.  Pope  Caius. 

The  Jewish  Talmud  arn  Targum  :^a 
posed. 

Paul,  the  Theban,  the  first  hermit.--Rell 
giiuis  ceremonies  multiplied. — Fagau  ritei 
imitated  by  the  Christians. 


■236.  Ilicrax,  chief  of  the  lUeraxians  ;  assert* 
that  ;Melchizedec  was  the  Holy  Ghost,  and 
denies  the  resurrection. 


287  A.I). 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RKCORD. 


45 


KOMAN    EmPIHE. 


JIUNS  o  1  the  Caspian  Sea. 


The  Persians  victorious  in  Asia  Minor. 
Peisia: — Sapor's    victory    over  the    Iloman 

arms. 
The  temple  of  Diana  at  Epho.^iis  burnt. 
Sapor,  tlie  Persian,  takes  Antioch,  Tarsus  and 

Ctesarea. 

Odenatus,  king  of  Palmyra— he  is  succeeded 

by  his  wife. 
Z  e  n  0  b  i  a,   who  rcisns   with   the  titles   of 

'  Augusta,'  and  •  Queen  of  the  East.' 


Zenohia  oontpters  Egypt,  a  part  of  Armenia, 

and  Asia  Minor. 
Zenohia  defeated  at  Edessa,  hy  Aiirelian,  who 

destroys  her  magidlicent  capital,  and  carries 

her  to  Rome. 


the  Persians  defeated  by  Probus 


West. 


G  a  1  1  u  ; 


purchases  a  peace  with  the  Goths. — CoH' 
federacy  of  the  Franks  between  the  Rhinf 
and  Elbe. 

—  a  great  pestilence  prevails  in  tlie  empire 


2.53.- 
■254.- 


E  m  1  I  1  a  r.  u  s  . 


Valerian 


■is  successful  against  the  Germans  and 

Gnths. 
SG-fJO.  Four  great  piratical  expeditions  if  ths 

Goths  into  Asia  Minor  and  Greece. 
!."i9.  Valerian  defeated  and  taken  prisoner  and 

flaved  ahve  by  the  Persians. 


G  a  1  1  i  e  n  u  s  , 


Period  of  the  30  tyrants. 
The  Persians  penetrate  to  Ravenna. 
■264.  Alliance  with  Odenatus. 
■207.  Cleodaintis  and  Athenius  defeat  the  Goths 

and  Scythians. 
2G8.  Gallienus  killed  at  Milan. 

-Claudius    II 


defeats  an  army  of  320,0{)U  Goths. 
2G0.  — dies  at  Sirmimn. 


270. A  n  r  e  1  )  a  n  ,  %^ 

(a  great  warrior.) 
271.  — defeats  the  Goths  and  Alemanni. 


273    — reduces  Palmyra  after  an  heroic  resist- 
ance, and  takes  (pieen  Zenohia  prisoner. 
274.  France,  Spain,  and    Britain  reduced  to 
obedience. 

The  Temple  of  the  Sun  at  Rome  burnt.— 
Dacia  L'iven  up  to  ilie  baibarians. 
270.   .Anreli-in  killed  near  HyzMiilium. 
Aji  inti-rrr giiitDi  of  ti  iiunilJis. 


T  a  c  i  t  u  : 


tsi?- 


(a  de--rend;inl  of  ilie  historian,) 
reicns  wiih  wf-doni  fi  monihs. 

277. Probus.  ■f„»i — 

{■.\  warlike  prince.) 
obtains  several  vicKn'ies  over  the  barba- 
rians.—The  Franks  penniiied  by  Probus  to 
setlle  in  G.iul. 
2S2.  Probus  slain  by  his  soldiers. 


C  a  r  11 


killed  by  liL'binmL'. 

C  a  r  i  n  11  s    and    N  u  ni  e  r  i  a  n  u  -i  ,  ^^ 

(eff.'tidnate  and  cruel.) 
2S.'^.   Fiii'jal.  kill-  (d   Morven.  dies. 

.     4^ 

2S1. I)  i  c.  c  I  e  t  1  a  n  .-.t: 

send-;  amb.-i'-'-adiir-J  to  China. 
'■Tin:  Kra  iif  Diiirl/iidii."  or  of  "the 
iTitirivrs."  AiiLMHi  ■..".!. 
1287.  Hiitain  u-nrped  liv  C.-irau'-iiis.  who  rcitrns 
7  yiNiis.  The  empire  tiittieked  by  ihe  ronh- 
crn  liarli:iniiii«.  and  several  provinces 
u-nrped  bv  ivrtuvs  — Maximianut,  a  col- 
h;>;;ue  nl   fie  FTiip.'ror. 


.••3 


46 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


290  A.D.- 


290 


304 


Proqress  op  Society,  etc. 


The  Gregorian  code. 


Gregory  and  Hermogenes,  lawyers ;  Elius, 
Spartianus,  and  Vopiscus,  historians ;  Trc- 
bellius  Polio. 


The  probtorian  guard  broken  up  by  Constan- 
tine. 


323  Foundation  of  Cons?a?r7/)!t)p/e  by  Constantine 
I     the  Great. — Celebrated  dome  of  St  Sophia 

the   splendor  of  the  court  so  great  tliat  it 
j     cost  more  than  the  legions. 
330  Constantinople  becomes  the  seat  of  art  and 
literature. 


357 


Oasian,  the   Caledonian  bard,   supposed    to 
have  flourished  about  this  time. 


Eutropius  and  Marcellinus,  historians  ;  Jam- 
biicut  and  Eunapius,  Greek  historian. 


Ecclesiastical. 


296.  Monks  in  Spain  and  Ej^  fpt. 
Pope  Marcellinus 


303.  Tenth  Persecution  of  the  Christians. 
30-1.   Arnobius,  of  Africa,  C.  F.,  converte4 

'rom  idolatry. 


306.  Persecution  of  the  Christians  stopped  bf 

Constantius. 

310.  Pope  Eusebius. 
Arius  excommunicated. 

311.  Pope  Malchiades. 

314.  Pope  Sylvester  I. 

319.  Toleration  of  Christianity  by  Constantine 
the  Great. 


325,  The  Council  of  Nice  (from  June  19th, 
325  to  August  25th)  consisting  of  318  bishops, 
who  condemn  Arianism.  —Eusebius,  bishop 
of  CiBsarea,  C.  F.,  and  ecclesiastical  histo- 
rian. —  Lactantius,  Alhanasius,  Arius, 
Epiiraivi  and  Basil,  C.  F.,  flourish  in  the 
reign  of  Constantine. 

33G,  Pope  Marcus. 
337.  Pope  Julius. 

Eleventh    persecution. — Saints  invoked, 

the  cross  reverenced,  and  incense  used  by 

the  Christians. 


311.  Christianity  propagated  in  Ethiopia  by 
Frumaintius. 

356.  Pope  Felix  II. 

St.  Hilary  and  Gregory  Nazianxen^  01 
Constantinople,  an  emment  writer.  C.  F- — 
Elius  Donatus,  bishop  of  Carlhage. — 
Cyril,  bishop  of  Jerusalem. — Monastenei  ia 
Thebais. 


364  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


47 


Roman  Empire. 


^arfia,  king  of  Persia,  loses  Armenia,  Meso- 
potamia, and  Assyria. 

Alexandria  taken  by  Diocletian. 

Ilormisdag,  II.,  king  of  Persia,  builds  Ormus. 


!-'!l.  Cnnstaiiiine  orders  all  the  heathen  tem- 
ples to  be  destroyed. 


The  first  general  council  a  Nice. 

The  seat  of  iinvernment  removed  to  Constan- 
tinojde.  which  was  solemnly  deilicated  on 
May  llth,  :«0. 

Rreat  famine  and  pestilence  in  Syria. 
Revolt  of  Sannatian   slaves,  3(JU,0(J0  are  difs- 

persed  over  the  empire. 
Death  of  Constantine,   and   the   accession  of  his  three  sons, 

<\ 
Constantius,    Const  a  ns,  and    Constantine  .^^- 


West. 


291.  The  Franks  make  themselves  masters  01 

Batavia  and  Flanders. 
293.  The  Franks  expelled  from  Batavia. 


296.  Britain  restored  to  the  emperor. 


304.  Diocletian  and  Maximian  resign  the  Em 
pire  to 

Constantius  and  Galeritis. 


300. —  CoNST.\NTiNE  THK  Great, 
(first  Christian  emperor.) 


Licinius,  Maxunia}i,a.nd  Maxentius,  hia 
three  colleagues. 
Constantine  defeats  the  Franks. 
312.  Maxentius  defeated  and  killed. 
314.  Civil  war  with  Licitnus. 
319.   Constantine  favors  and  tolerates   Chris- 
tianity. 

321.  — appoints  the  observance  of  Sunday. 

322.  — deleats  and  banishes  Licinius,  and  be- 
comes sole  emperor. 

,325.  — abolishes  the  combats  of  gladiators  and 
assemblies. 


l.'jO  Greek  and  Asiatic  cities  destrnyerl  by  an 

earthfiuake. 
Hermanric,  king  of  the  Ostrogoths,  founds  an 

extensive  empire. 
Gallus  put  to  death  by  Constantius. 


Constantius  dies  at  Tarsus. 

A  disadvantageous  peace  with  the  Persians 


KASTIORX  KMFIKK 

extendinu'  from  the   lower  D miibe  to  the  con- 
fines of  Persia. 


3111,  C^onstaniine,   the  youoL'cr,   defeated  and 

killed  by  Constaiis  at  A(]iiilea. 
3.')0.  Const.iiis  killed  in  Sjiain  by  Magnentius. 


.'!."7.  Six  German  klnis  defeated  by  Julian  at 

Sirasburg. 

3G1.—  .Julian,    the  Apostate    W^ ■ 

— .-iHeinpls  ir;  v;iir.  to  ntbulld  tlie  temple 
at  ,Ierus;]lcm. 
.3IJ3.  —is  slain  in  a  war  with  the  Persians. 
o 

,1  o  v  i  a  n  .  '^'^ 

.itJI.  Death  of  .lovi.iri,  and  tjie  accession  o( 
V.ileiiMiiian  .■ml  \'.i'rii^,  uiiiler  whom  the 
i;.Ml'll!i;  IS   DIVIDKI): 

WMSTKHX   MMI'IRF, 

ex'endinir  liiiin   ihi'  ('■ili'doidan  r^nnarti 
to  the  IV.    ol"  Mount  Alias. 


THE    world's    progress.  364  A.D.- 


A..B.  Progress  op  Society,  etc. 


380 


395 


412 


Aurelius  Victor^  author  of  lives  of  celebrated 
Romans. 


Prudenlius  and  Ansoniiis,  Latin  poets; 
Pappus  ami  Theon,  of  Alexandria,  mathe- 
maticians. 


Claudian,  Latin  poet. 


Macrobms,  Platonic  philosopher. 


TheodosJus  establishes  p!<W/c  schools,  and  at- 
tempts the  restoration  of  learning. 


435  The  'f/u-odosian  rode  pi:blished. 


V 


Ecclesiastical. 


373.  The  Bible  translatea  into  tae  Gothic  1«b 

guage. 


379.  The  prerogatives  of  the  Roman  See  muck 

enlarged. 
3S1.  The  second  general  Council  of  Ccns^Att 

tinople. 


3S4.  Symachus  pleads  in  the  Roman  Senate 

for  Paganism  against  St.  Ambrose. 
J-^5.  Pope  Syricius. 


30:i.  .S7,  Chrysostoin,  patriarch  of  Oonstan 
tinople  ;  »S7.  Ambrose,  archbishop  of  Milan  ; 
/S7.  Jerome,  St.  Martin,  ami  St.  Augustine, 
'  Christian  Fathers.' 

Image    icorship. — The    Christian   hier- ' 
archy  begins.  _ — . 


401.  Pope  Linocent  L 


412.  CyriV,  bishop  of  Alexandria ;  Isidore  axii 
<S'oc7-a/es,  ecclesiastical  historians;  Orosiut, 
a  Spanish  disciple  of  St.  Augustine;  and 
Pelagius,  a  British  monk,  who  denied  origi- 
nal sin,  &c. 

416.  The  Pelagian  heresy  condemned  by  th« 
African  bishops. 

417.  Pope  Ziiziinus. 

418.  Pope  Boniface  L 

4-22.  Pope  Celestine  L 


429.  Nestorius,  bishop  of  Constantinople,  m 

knowledges  two  persons  in  Jesus  Christ, 
43L  Third  seneral  Council  at  Ephesus. 
432.  Pnpe  Si.vlus  IIL 

St.  Patrick  preaches  the  Gospel  ia  Ire 
and. 
435.  Nestoriariism  prevails  in  the  East 


440.  Pope  Leo  I  (the  Great). 

443.  The  Mawxliman  books  burned  at  Roma 
41").  Flavian,  oatriarch  of  Constantinople. 


445  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


49 


37£ 


378 


Eastern  P'.mpire. 


IIUNGARSf,  (ancient  Pannonia,)  invaded  by 
the  IIun.«,  from  whom  it  is  named. — Tlie 
Goths  expelled  by  the  Huns,  are  allowed  by 
Valens  to  settle  in  Thrace. 

Valens  defeated  and  slain  by  the  Goths  near 
Adrianople. 

Tlieodosius  the  Great. ^g 

a  zealous  supporter  of  Christianity. 


Tlieodosius  defeats  Maximus,  the  tyrant  of  the 
western  empire. 


Western  Empire. 


3G1. Valentinian     1.  'ggf 

eiecied  by  ihe  army. 
368.  The  Saxons  invade  liritam,  I'ul  are  de 
feated  hy  'I'heodosius. 


375.- 


G  r  a  t  i  a  n  ' 


gains  a  victory  over  the  Germans ;  s-ji> 
ceeds  to  ilie  eastern  empire  on  the  death  o) 
Valens ;  Maximus  is  proclaimed  emperor 
— Gratian  killed  at  Lyons. 


379.  The  LOMBARDS  first  leave  Scandma 

via,  and  defeat  the  Vandals. 

333. Valentinian    II.  ^g 

— is  (hspossessed  by  Maximus,  hut  is  re- 
stored by  Tlieodosius  ;  makes  Treves  his 
capital. 

334.  —is  strangled  at  Vienna  by  Arbogastes,  a 
Gaul,  commander  of  the  army. 


Theodo  si  us 


becomes  sole  emperor  of  the  East  and  West. 

Complete  down  fall  of  Paganism. 

Tlieodosius   defeats    Eugenius,    the    usur  per  of  the  West,  and  Arbogastes,  the  Gaul. 

Final  division  of  the  empire  be  tween  the   sons  of   Theodosius. 


A  r  c  a  d  i  u  s  . 


-T  h  e  e  d  o  .■=  i  u  s     II  .^ 

a  child;  Athenius,  minister. 


Regency  of  the  emperor's  sister,  Pulcheria. 


i'A).  Persian  Wftr. 


til 

Armi-ni.') 
Roman 

div 

4:fi 

A  L'rcat  1 
fire. 

art 

■t  7 

Pannouin 

Da 

-.he  we.- 

en 

di'd  between   tin;   Persians  and 
)f  Cnn-taniino|ile  ih^slroyel  by 


linatiaand  N'oncimi  gained   rom 
empire. 


II  o  n  0  r  i  u  s  . 


401.  Europe  overrun  by  the  VISIGOTIIS. 

403.  Alaric  defeated  by  Stillicho. 

40G.  The  Vandals  permitted  to  settle  in  Spain. 
Gaul,  &c. 

410.  Rome  sacked  and  burned  by  the  Goths 
under  Alaric. 

412    IJeginningof  the  Vandal  power  in  Spain. 

-113.  UurKtmdi'an  kinsdom  begun  in  Alsace. 

414.  The  Visigoths  plant  themselves  in  Tou- 
louse. 


417.  The   Alani   defeated  and  extirpated    by 

the  Goihs. 
i20.    FRAN  KS  :  —  P  h  a  r  a  m  o  n  d  ,     theii 

first  king,  on  the  l<nver  Rhine. 

49A. —  Valentinian    III  .© 

426.  Britain  evaciKitcd  liv  the  Rnnnms. 

427.  Pannonia  ncnvered  lioni  the  Unns. 
423.   TF.tius,  the   Roin.-in  general,  deleate-'.  b} 

the  Franks  and  f;"th<. 

Franks:— ('It. dioii.  kiim',  extends  h;*  •■n 

quests  to  the  river  SHiime. 
433.   Attila.  '-TliRsr.uir-eof  Go.).-'  f(  mil 

an   immense  einpii-e   Iroin  (;hina  to  the   At 

laniic. 
4-'!7.    A'.un<  defeuls  the  Goths. 
43'.).   Tiie  kiiiL'ddin  of  the     Vandals    in 

A  f  r  i  c  ti  ,     umler      G  e  n  s  e  r  i  c  ,     whc 

ttike^  (;arlhaL'e  tnel  plunilers  Italy. 
441.  'I'he    Rotn.in  territories    invaded  V;?    ihf 

Huns,  Pcn-i-iaii'!  iind  Saxons. 
44.5.  Tlin  famous  embassy  from  Britaii ,  soil 

citing  aid  against  the  Picts. 


so 


THE    WORLD'S    PROGRESS. 


447  A.D.- 


Prooress  of  Society,  etc. 


45°]  Zozimtis    and    Olympiodorus,   Greek    histo- 
rians. 


168 


ir-i 


The,  principle  established  that  every  accused 
person  shall  be  tried  by  his  peers,  or  equals. 


Legislation  of  the  Visigoths  in  Spam— Eric 
being  king,  and  founder  of  the  Gothic  mo- 
narchy. 


The  tottering  empire  of  the  west  was  finally 
overthrown  by  Odoacer's  sack  r;f  Rome,  the 
great  event  which  precedes  the  middle  or 
'■'■dark  ages."  The  Ibrm  of  the  old 
Roman  government  remained— the  senate, 
the  consuls,  &c.— but  Italy,  ravaged  by  a 
succession  of  wars,  plagues,  famines,  and 
every  form  of  public  tyran"  v  and  domestic 
slavery,  was  nearly  a  desen 


Ecclesiastical. 


447.  Eutyches  asserts  the  existence  of  onlj 
one  nature  in  Jesus  Christ. 

449.  Ibus,  bishop  of  Edessa ;  and  Eusebiua, 
bishop  of  Doryleum,  deposed 

450.  Sozomen  and  '1  heuduret,  ecclesiasticai 
historians. 

451.  The  fourth  general  Council  at  Chaltedon, 
at  which  Eutycheanism  and  Nestorianism 
are  solemnly  condemned. 


461.  Pope  Ililarius. 
4C5.  Pope  Simplicius. 


Oligarchy  of  the  bishops  of  Rome,  Coir.' 
stantinople,  Alexandria,  Antioch,  and  Jem- 
salem— all  striving  for  the  supremacy.— 
The  church  now  bigins  to  assume  •  pwita 
cal  aspect.  " 


4/6  A.D.  A  CIIROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


51 


Eastern  Empirk. 


M  a  r  c  i  a  n  , 


a  Thracian,  refuses  to  pay  the  annual 
tribute  to  the  Iluns. 


—  Leo    I  . ,  (the  Thracian,)  ' 


first  emperor  ever  crowned  by  the  patriarch. 
War  witli  the  Goths. 

Peace  with  the  Goths;  Theodoric  is  received 
I'roni  them  as  a  hostage. 


Z  e  n  o  . 


a  turbulent  reign:  debaucheries  and  conspi- 
racies. 
Theoiloiic  becomes  chief  of  the  Ostrogotlis, 

and     invades    ih*    eirijiire.       He     ravages 

Thrace. 


Western  Empire. 


418.  Franks: — Merovoeus  1st,  king  of  the  MB' 
rovinL'ians. 

.a^iius  defeats  the  IIuiis. 


451.  The    arrival    of    the    Saxoni 
in    Britain,    under  Ileni^ist  and  Horsa. 

452.  The  city  of  VENICE  lounded. 
455.  Valentinian  assassinated  by 

Petronius   Maximus.  ^g— 

A  V  i  t  u  s  .  ^ 


. M  a  j  o  r  1  a  n  .  ^ 

453.  Franks: — Childeric  I.,  conquers  as  fax 
as  the  Loire  and  takes  Paris. 


407.- 


-Severus.  ^» 
A  t  h  e  n  1  u  s  .  s 


(The   la.=t  three  emperors    slain    by 
Kicinier.) 

4G^.  Spain  : — The  Visigoths,  under  Eric,  esta 
blish  their  kin<rdom. 


O  1  v  h  i  u  : 


Eruption  of  \'esuvius,  sei:n  at  Conslan- 
nople. 

473. G  1  y  c  e  r  i  u  s  .^ — — 

a 

474. Julius    Nepos.  ^^ 


475. —  Romulus    A  u  s  u  s  t  u  I  u  s  .  ^^ 
47G.  ROME    taken  by  ODOACER,   king  o( 
the  Herulii  : 

END  of  the  WESTERN  EMPIRE. 
1228  years  after  the  buildini:;  of  Rome  ;  anc 
commencement  of  the  kingdoi.T  cf  Italy  un- 
der Odoacer. 


52 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


480  A.D.- 


Prooress  of  Society,  etc. 


4S',  Rise  of  the  feudal  system  in  France,  under 
Clovis. 


403 


616 


629 


B33 


53S 


Theotloric    introduces    the    architecture    of 
Greece  to  improve  the  buildings  of  Italy. 


Publication  of  the  Gemara  or  Talmud  of  Ba- 
bylon. 


Burgundtan  Imrs  published,  being  a  collec- 
tion of  the  rights  and  customs  of  the  Bur- 
eundians. 


The  .Siiliclaw  e.'stablished  in  France. 


Boethius,  the  Roman  poet  and  philo.-^opher. 

Use  of  burning  glass  in  warfare  at  Constan- 
tinople. 


The  Christian  Era  proposed  ayid  introduced 
by  Dionysius,  a  monk. 


The  schools  of  Athens  suppressed. 

The  fables  of  Pilpay  translated  into  Persian. 
Chess  introduced  into  Persia  from  India. 

J'ustinian's  pandects  and  cede  of  lairs. 


Architecture:  the  church  of  St   Sophia  Inilt 

at  Constantinople. 
Proclua,  a.  learned  Platonisl. 


Ecclesiastical. 


4a3.  Pope  Felix  III. 

— excommunicated    by    Acacius,  bishop   0/ 

Constantinople. 
484.  (!;hristians  persecuted  by  Hunfric.  kinj 

of  the  Vandals. 


492.  Pope  Ge.asius  I. 

404.   The  Roman  Pontiff  maierta  hit  avprt 

macy. 
496.  Christianity  introduced  into  France. 


513.  Christianity  embraced    by  the   Persiai 

kins,  Carbades. 

514.  Pope  Hormisdas. 


519.  The  orthodox  bishops  restored  bj  fuftir. 


533.  Pope  John  I. 

525.  The  Ariau  bi.^hops  deposed. 

526.  Pope  Felix  IV. 

Extreme  Unction  introduced. 


529.  The    Order  of   Benedictine  monJes   ir 

stituted  at  Mon'e  Oassino,  near  Naples. 

530.  Pope  Boniface  II. 


533.  Pope  John  II. 

535.  Pope  Agapetus. 
5o6.      '•     Sylvester  I. 

Separation  of  the  Annenians  ftom  'iie  Oie«l 

church. 
53S.  Pof  e  Vigilius. 


538  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RF:C0RD. 


53 


502 

507 


Eastern  Empire. 


Europe,  generally. 


An  earthquake,  lasting  40  days,  destroys  the 

greater  pan  of  Constantinople. 
Zeno  makes  Thcodoric  general  and  consul. 


Anastasius    I, 


M8- 


53^ 

b.iO 
637 
i»8 


The  Green  and  Blue  factions. 

The  emperor's  persecution  of  the  Catho- 
lics, and  protection  of  tlie  Manichaeaiis,  oc 
casions  a  rebellion  headed  by  Vitalianus. 


The  empire  ravaged  and  the  imperial  army 
destroyed  by  C'arbades,  king  of  Persia. 

Long  Willis  built  to  protect  Constantinople 
from  tiie  Bulgarians. 

A  zreat  insurrection  in  Constantinople,  10,000 
killed. 


Constantinople  besiegeil  by  Vicdianus,  whose 
fleet  is  consunioil  by  tlie  Uuniiru;  gliiss  of 
Proclus. 

Anastasius  killed  by  lightning. 

J  u  s  t  i  n    I  .  .^ 

a  pcasi'.nt  of  Dahiiaiia. 
Brilliant  period  of  the  Byzamine  tinpiro 


Justinian    I.,  ^^- 

celelirated  fffr  bi.s  code  of  laws  and  the 

victories  of  his  L'cnerals,  Bflisarius 

an  I  .Vdrnfis. 

Belisarius  def(.'ais  tiie    Persians  under  CIk 

roes. 


-fjufdls  I  con-'iiiracy  in  Oonstaniinophv 

— dcfcatf.  ihi'  V.-iiidals  in  Africa. 
--suli'!iii'<  Sicily. 
-take-  NaiMes. 


4-31.  FRANCE  :— C  1  o  v  i  s    I  .  .^ 
of  the  French  monarchy. 


(vixnM 


4"^.  Alaric  II.,  king  of  the  Visigoths  in  Spaia. 
485.    France :—  Battle    of     Soissoiu 

gained  by  Clovis. 
487.  Britain  : — The  Saxons  defeated  liy  Prinit 

Arthur    and  Ambrosius. 
49U  : — Italy  :— ravaged  by  the  barbarians. 

Britain  : — kingdom  of  SiTssex. 
491.  France  : — Clovis  subdues  Thuringia. 


493.  Italy  :— c  o  n  q  u  e  r  e  d  by  Th  e  o  • 
doric,  king  td'  the  Ostrogoths.— Odoa- 
cer  put  to  death. 


499.  France  .-—Clovis  concludes  a  peace  with 
Theodoric  in  Italy. 

500.  Burgundy  becomes  his  tributary. 


507. Clovis  defeats  Alaric  near  Poictiers. 

.'ilO.  France:— Clovis  makes  Paris  liis  capital 
511.  France: — Clovis  dies. 

C  h  i  1  d  e  b  e  r  t    I .  W 


The  HERUI.U  settle  in  Thiacc. 


)U;.  The  Christian  Era  adopted. 

)17.  Getae  ravages  lUyricum,  .Maccdon,  &c. 


519.  Britain :— Prince  Arthur  defeated  al 
Chariord  by  Cerdic.  who  begins  the  third 
Sa.xon  kingdom  of  Wessex. 

522.  Spain  :—.4malaric,  the  first  Gothic  kir.g, 
who  ('Siablishes  Ills  court  in  Sliain-his  capi- 
tal, Seville. 


30.    Itrii.iin  :— kingdom  of  Essex. 
1.   Spain  :—'riiiiiilis  sncci'i'ds  .Xmalaric. 
i.   Burgundy  cwnqurrcd  by  Clilldeber, 


Vitiirs,  km?  of  ilip  Os-oirrnihs,  .sun»» 
r-  his  i)(rs-tssi(.ns  in  G.iul  to   the  Fni»4 


"inW     '^"'"'"'  '''''^'''"''     '''"    °""'"?""^^   '"|.>i''-  I'aly  c<mquered  b)  Belisariua 
-the  Hur;s  in  'I'lirace.  ,-<i.d  I 


54 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


539  A.D.- 


556 

559 


Progress  of  Society,  etc. 


r>G3 


Ecclesiastical. 


540.    The  MonotheLites,    who  acknowledijfd 
but  one  will  in  Jesus  Christ. 


Til  3  manufacture  of  silk  introduce  J    from 
China  by  the  monks.  552.  The  Fifth  general  Council  at  Conatana 

nople 
555.  Pope  Pelagius  I. 

557.  The  church  of  St  Germain  de  Pres,  buih 

Procopius,  a  Roman  historian— the  last  of  the      at  Paris. 

cia.•'^>^c  writers. 
The  Klaxon  laws;  the  king's  authority  limit- 
ed by  the  Witlenagevi ./. 
Three  orders;   the   noble,   the  free,  and  thei5tJ0.  Pope  .John  III. 

I         The  Tritheists  acknowledge  three  Oodi^ 
and  deny  the  resurrection. 


servile. — Trial  by  ordeal. 


Christianity  introduced  among  the  Picts  by  j 
Columbi. 

The  old  Roman  municipal  sysiem  in  Iialy 
overthrown  by  the  invasion  of  the  Lombards 
—and  tlie  feudal  system  established. 

Written  laws  compiled  among  the  nations  of 
German  origin— first  by  the  Visigoths  in 
Spain. 

Semi-circular  arches  introduced  in  the  archi- 
tecture of  churches,  with  much  grotesque 
sculpture. 


The  Latin  language  ceases  to  be  spoken  in 
Italv,  while  it  supersedes  the  Gothic  in 
Spain. 

The  origin  of  fiefs. 

The   Roman    Catholic    faith    established    in 

Spain. 
Gregory  of  Tours,  the  father  of  French  lus- 

lory. 


Bretwalrla,   king  of   England,    converted    to 

Christianity. 
Agathus.  a  Grecian  historian. 
Gildas,  the  first  Hritisli  historian. 
Evagrias.  ecclesiastical  historian. — Cas.iiodo- 

rus.  the    historian  of   Ravenna,   tutor    to 

Theodoric. 
The   Saxons,   having   conquered   England,  it 

relapsed,  in  a  great  measure,  into  the  state 

of  barliaiism.  froin  which  it  had  been  par- 

thliy  raised  Ijy  'Ite  Romans. 


o73.  Pope  Benedict  I. 

575.  The  first  monastery  founded  in  Bav<u1&, 
Greut  increase  of  miracles. 

578.  Pope  Pelagius  U. 


590.  Pope  Gregory  I.  called  The  Great. 

The  doctrine  of  purgatory  first  taught. - 
Mass  introduced. 


598.  St.  Augustine,  first  archbishop  of  Can 

terbury,  introduces  Christianity  into  Britain 
604.  Pope  Sabianus,  or  Sahinian. 
tJOO.  Pope  Boniface  IIL  made  supreme  head 

of  the  church  by  Phocas.— The  title  of  Uni 

versal  Bishop  assumed. 

The   Waldenses    refuse    submission    tc 

Rni"» 


6o7  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


55 


Eastern  Empire. 


Vilifies    at    Ravenna.  —  North   Africa,    Cor- 

sici)  and  Sardinia,  annexed  to  the   Eastern 

empire. 
Plairue     at     Constantinople  —  during     tiiree 

inuiiih.-5  irom  5,0Ui)  to  lll.UOO  die  daily. 
Tlie     Lombards    scale    in    Pannonia.  —The 

Turki.<h  monarchy  founded  in  Asia. 
Siege  of  Petra. 


Narses  defeats  and  kills  Totila. 
Italy  governed  by  Greek  exarchs. 


A   plague  extending  over  Europe  and  Asia, 
and  lasting  nearly  DO  years. 


Belisarius  disgraced  by  Justinian. 

"  restored  : — he  quells  a  conspiracy. 

Great  fire  in  Constantinople — the  city  nearly 

desi  roved. 
Justinian  dies. 


.Justin     11.^ 

Beii-arius  difs  in  prison. 


The  TURKS  first  uK-ntioned  in  history.— 
They  send  embassies  to  Justin,  and  lorm 
an  alliance. 

Tiberius  associated  with  Justin  in  the  gov- 
ernmi'iit. 

lusini  deieats  Chusr^es,  kms  of  Persia. 


Tiberius    I  !  .  ,■  >f 

Maiirii-e.  the  (,'.ipp,iiloci;in,  !>::.-;;  under  his 
ri'iL'ii  tlii^  enipin;  cxiriuls  to  the  Araxes,  and 
alit'.osl  to  the  Caspian  Sea. 


riie  Avars  fioiirish  undc'r  (i.jian— invtiile  the 
Da-irrn  emiiire,  hikI  spread  ovtir  lluiii,'ary, 
I'oland,  aijil  Prussia. 


— P  h  .   :  a  s.  ?rt    -a  rentiirjoii.  elected  king. 
The  empire  iov.idol  by  the  I'ersitms. 


Europe,  genera llv. 


539.  Italy :  War,  famine,  and  pestilence. 

The  City  of  Milan  ravaged  by  the  Goths. 


542.    Britain :— Prince    Arthur   murdered    in 
Cornwall. 


550.  POLAND  a  dukedom— Lech,  its  firat 
duke  and  lesislator.  His  brother,  Zech, 
first  duke  of  Bohemia. 

The   Greeks    form    settlements  on   U^i 
Spanish  coast,  from  the  Straits  to  Valencia. 

55(5.  Civil  wars  in  France. 

558.  France :— C  1  o  t  a  i  r  e    I  .    ^§ 

559.  Uriitiin :— t  he  Saxon  Heptar- 
chy   CO  m  m  e  n  c  e  s . 

5GU.  Britain  :— the  kingdom  of  Northumbria, 
formed  by  tlie  union  of  Bernicia  and  Deira. 
— Ethelbert.  king  of  Kent,  subdues  meet  ol 
the  Saxon  kings. 


ft 


561.  France  :— C  h  a  r  i  b  e  r  t    I . 


565.  Europe  ravaged  by  a  pestilence. 


563.  Italy  conquered  by  the  Lombards,  undei 
Alboin.     lie  fixes  his  capital  at  Pavia. 


571.  Britain  :— Bretwalda  II.,  king  of  Wessex. 


575.  "  East  Anglia  formed  into  a  king- 
dom, and  called  Angle-land,  whence  the  ori- 
gin of  the  name  England. 


583.  Spam  :— the  Suevi  subdued  by  the  Visi- 
goths. 

France  :— C  1  o  t  a  i  r  e    II.  ^g 
580.  Hriiain  :— the  kingdom  (pI  Mercia  founr.cil. 

S|.ain  :~Kcrared.  kill'.'. 
588.  The  ciiv  of  Piiris  .le^irnved  by  fire. 
5S9.   Rome  iniiiidaic^d  by  the  Tiber. 
591.   Bniain  :— i;iiielbcrt.  kin:;  of  Kent,  sains 

iIh;  |)re-emini!ni-e,  and  becomes  Bretwalda 

III. 

Italy:— ibi^    Lombard^,    iiiidfT   Autharis, 

sticie.-^'-ful  aiMiii-^i  the  (Jiii'ks  ,iiid  Franks. 
r/.>5.   Isiria.   l!nlM-mia.  ami   I'dand  mvaded  bj 

ibe  Sclavoiii.iii-. 
50(;.   France  :^Thi('rry  II  .  kiiiL'  'if  llursiirily. 
.597.   Britain:— Christiaialy   introduced  by  St 

AuLrw^iiiKi. 
(i(M).  Italy  ravai.'rnl  by  the  Scl.ivonian.s. 


.;nr.  lln- 
kiiowli 


Supremacy    of    llie    Popf     tc 


56 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


604  A.D.- 


k.D. 

Prooress  op  Society,  etc. 

Ecclesiastical. 

The    aristocracy   acquire    great    power    in 

France,  somewhat  roslrained  by  the  mayors 

606.  Pope  Boniface  III. 

of  the  palace. 

607.  Pope  Boniface  IV. 

Rites  and  sitperstitions  increase  in  all  Europe. 

The  Pantheon  at  Rome  dedicated  to  Qoa 

— Relics  sought  for,  anil  worshipped.— i^iVa- 

the  Vircin,  and  the  Saints. 

nies  addres.sed  to  the  Virgin.~'V\\e,  burning 

609.  The  Christians  massacred  by  the  Jem  tt 

o(  ca?id  es  liy  day.— JjJxurcisms,  &c. 

Antioch. 

Hercdilary   ie/s.— Aristocratic  class. 

S15 

Sccundus,  historian  of  the  Lombards. 

617 

Eihelbert  publishes  the  Jirst  code  of  laws  in 

England. 

618.  Pope  Boniface  V. 

620 

Isodorus,  historian  of  Spain,  grammarian  and 
philosopher. 

625.  Pope  Honorius  I.     He  had  a  taste  for 

splendid  cathedrals  and  processioris. 
Monks  and  monasteries  increase. 

Africa  and  Asia,   with  the  churches  0) 

632 

Islamism,  and  the  power  of  the  Caliphs  esta- 

Jeru««,lem, Alexandria,  and  Antioch  lost  to 

blished  in  the  East.     In  the  Caliphs  were 

the  Christian,  world  by  the  progress  of  Mo- 

united the  highest  spiritual  and  regal  autho- 

hammedanism. 

rity. 

6-10.  Pope  Severinua. 
640.  Poi)e  John  IV. 

C3ti 

Christianity  introduced  into  China. 

In  En^'lajid.sonie  iniijiovenien;  in  ecclesiasti- 
cal   architect u7-e ;    circular    arches    intro- 
duced; churches-built  at  Canterbury,  Glas- 
tonbury, St.  Albans.  Winchester,  &c. 

In  civil  aVchitecture,  forts  and  castles— Conis- 

borouali   Castle  in  Yorkshire;   Castletown 

64-2.  Pope  Theodorus.     lie  assumes  the  tltl< 

in  Derbyshire,  &c. 

of  "Sovereign  Pontiff." 

(344 

University  nf  Cambridge  founded. 

614.  Pope  Martin  I.    He  ordains  celibacy  of 
tfie  clergy. 

S;-[)iiration    between    the     Greek    and 

Some  of  tht;  innnasleries  of  Europe  continue 

Iloiiian  churches. 

t)  be  the   repositories  of  learning  and  the 

a-ts. 

6.34.  Pope  Eugenius. 

Osl  bacy  if  the  clergy  enjoined. 

057.  Pope  Vitalian.     He  established  the   uni 
versal  u^e  of  the   Latin  language   it.   tht 
service  of  t/ie  cliurch. 

672.  Pope  Adeodatua, 

1 

6jl  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


57 


610 
C12 
614 

613 


Eastekn  Empire. 


Europe,  generally. 


C04.  liritain :— St.  Paul  s  Church  founded  b}! 
Elhelben,  king  o''  Kent. 


Heraclius  takes  Con-laiitinople,  kills  Pho'zas, 
ami  makes  liimsell   kiii;^.  i 

UkWOyiKV  pablislicj  Ills  Koran.  Gli.   Uritain :— Ethelfritn,  king  ot    Nontiunv 

Syna  ravaso.l  bv  the  Arabs.  bria.  defeats  the  liritons,  and  destroy.?  lh« 

Jerusalem  lakeii  by  the  Persian.s.  \     monastery  of  JJanaor. 

015.  War  between  l.ombardy  and  Ravenna. 


Constantinople  taken    and    pillaged    by   t!ie 
Avari. 


TheIIEGlR.\;    or   Mahomet's   Flight    from 

.Mecca  to  Medina. 
Eld  nf  the  Md/wmetaji.t. 
Heraclius  defeats  the  Persians  under  Chos- 

roes. 


Death  of  Maliomet. 

A  b  u  b  e  k  e  r    succeeds  him  as  caliph  of  the 
Saracens. 


i;:!.{  ()  mar,    r.iliph. 

G.il|         "  takes  .It;ni>-alem,  which    is   held 

by  the  Saiaccas  VM  years. 
(I'.iCj  O  111  :i  r     takes     Alexandria,      and     destroys 

another  famous  librarv. 


(;  o  n  8  I  a  11  t  I  n  e    III. 


C  0  n  s  t  a  n  s    II.  ,'^5 

(1 1  years  of  age.) 

The  S..rareii.j  become  master-i  of  Africa  tind 
(^yjiius. 

The    SarareiiH  take   Rhodes,   and  destroy  the 

Colos-^u-. 
I'n-i.i    liei-iinies  a  p.irt  of  the  empire  of  the 

CililihH. 

'I'lii!  Sfir.irrns  olitain  p<Mi-e  from  C^m^lnns,  by 

a:'ii-i-ui:{  lo  p.av  hiin  liiO,niiil  crowns  ve.arly. 

;  jC  .11  I, in;     .'o.'s    io    Ruin.',    a.,. I    plunilers    the 

!M  .awitih,  i-:ili|.li,  in.ikes  D.ima.'^^fus  his   cipi- 


t,il. 


I  V  .    "•.>Y  invades  Si.-ilv. 


017.  liritain : — St.  Peter's  (now  Wesiuiinfte 
Abbey)  founded  by  Sabert,  king  ol'  Kent. 
Britain:— Bretwald    IV. 


G2S.  France  :--D  a  g  o  b  e  r  t    I  .  W^ lie 

builds   the   church  of  St.    Deny,  the  burial 

place  ol  the  French  kings. 
C31.  Stimo,   a    merchant  of   France,    makes 

himself  king  of  Hohemia. 
033.   liriiaiii :  — Bretwald    V.;    he    einbracea 

Christianity. 


634.  Britain  :— Bretwald  VI. 


038.  Frtince — 0  I  n  v  i  s    II  .^o  years  old. 

The  kingdom  divided.  Siu'ebert,  (18  years 
old,)  being  king  of  Ausirtisia. 

OIL'.   Britain:— Bretwald  VII. 

611.  I!rii.iin:-Tlie  UnivriMiy  of  Cambride* 
foun.led  by  Sigeberl,  king  of  E.  Angli.i. 


inverted   to    f'liris- 
O.JO.  France  :-C  I  o  t  a  i  r  e    111.   ^ 


0.10.    Urit.iin:  — M.' 
tianity. 


m).   Fiance  :-(;  h  i  1  de  r  1  c    II.  fe 


0r,3,   l.onili.inlv  coniiurn.l  Iiy  fJriinotild.  duk« 
of  ll.'ii..vrninra. 


Crand  Clip.  I..ini  l.-.l  C,;:',    ■iMie   Saia.-nn   driven    fi;ini   Bpain,    bf 

Sle-e    i.f    ('..11  'aii'ii. ..;.'.■     by    ilw     Sarae.-ir-i.  |      Wamba    kli.g  ol   tin  (Jotli.s. 
who--.'  Ile.'l   1^  .'.■   'ro'..-.!  Iiv  ihr   r//77/,-  lirrnC 
Callini.-us,      Til..   (m!i|.1i   r..iii|., ■!!... I   lo  piir-l 
rli;i--e  a    peai-.;  ol'  i  Inriy   vrars,  liv   'lavnigal 
yearly  tribute.  ' 


58 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


674  A.D. 


i   D. 

Progress  of  Society,  etc. 

Ecclesiastical. 

074 

Stone  buildings  and  glass  come  imo  use  in 
England. 

G76. 

Pope  Domnus. 

The  abbey  of  Whiiby,  and  ihe  monastery  of 

The   popes   become  indeper  ient  of  tba 

Gillins  founded. 

G 

reek  emperor. 

The  Anglo-Saxons  advance  in  civilization 

679. 

Pope  Agatho. 

and  puicei;  by  the  introduction  of  Chris- 

630. 

The  sixth  general  Council  at  Constantino- 

tianity. 

pl 

e,  called  by  the  emperor  Constamine,  who 

In  France,  the  Teutonic  language  supersedes 

presides. 

the  Latin.— National  assemblies  established, 

68J. 

Pope  Leo  IL    He  usurps  th»  right  of  ia- 

though  confined  to  the  aristocracy. 

vestiture. 

eat. 

Pope  Benedict  IL 

In   Persia,  the  Magian  religion  gives  v^ay  to 

685. 

"     John  V. 

the  Mohammedan. 

686. 

"     Conon. 

687 

Severe  persecution  of  the  Jews  in  Spain. 

687. 

"     Sergius. 

691 

Julian,  of  Toledo,  historian  and  moralist. 

697 

The  venerable  Bede,  Ecc.  historian. 

696 

A  king  first  elected  in  Poland. 

Adhefm,  the  first  British  writer  in  prose  and 

verse. 

701. 

Pope  John  V[. 

Sclavunian  republics  in  Bohemia. 

704. 

The  first  province  given  to  the  pope. 

705. 

Pope  John  VII. 

703. 

"     Sissinius  (20  days). 

Christianity  greatly  extended  among  the  Ger- 

703. 

"      Constantine, 

man  nation's  and  other  people  in  the  north 

of  Europe;    lull   almost    e.\terminated    in 

Africa,  by   the  progress  ol  Mohammedan- 

709 

ism 

711.  Custom  of  kissing  the  Pope's  fc^l  mtt» 

duced. 

714, 

Pope  Gregory  II. 

1X6 

Tke  art  of  viaking  paper  brought  from  Sa 

inprcand  by  tlie  Arabs. 
George  Syyirellus,  a  Grecian  chronslogist. 

718 

GiasT.nbury  Abbey  rebuilt  by  Ina. 

Leo  (Eastern  Emperor)  attempts  :o  dkv 

cure  the  assassination  of  the  Pop*.    Thf 

Romans  del'end  nim. 

720  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


59 


rjSC 


Eastern  Empire,  Asia.  &c. 


Europe,  generally. 


The  king.iiiin  of  Bul?aria  TounJed. 
YeziJ,  caliph  of  the  Saracens. 


O^-':! !  Moawiah  II  ,  raiiph 
684   AbJallah,  caliph. 

685 


Abdulmelek. 
tribute  to  the  Greek  eMi|)eror 


i  n  i  a  n    ._„ 

ipli.      He    liiscoiitinues    tin 


OOoj.Ius'inian  II.  rlepn^eJ.  an.l  his  n^.-^e  cut  off  by 
I.cdiiitius,  wlio  is  ai.^o  ilepo.sed  by 
Absiiiierus  Tiberiu-. 
Armenia  and  iln^  provinces  heiweon  the  Black 

and  Caspian  S''as      bdued  bv  Caliph  Abdul- 

iti.dck. 
Cariliase  rased,  and  the  north  coast  of  ,\fr'  -a 

completely  .subjugated. 


Justinian  11.  restored. 

Syria  recovered,  -.iOiJ.OO!)  Saracens  slai 


o-j: 


b'JS 


Africa  .subdued  by  the  Saracen;?. 


673.  France  :— T  h  i  e  r  r  y    I .  ^ 

675.  Spain :— Wamba  gains  a  naval  victory 
over  the  Arabs,  vyho  attempt  to  invade  hM 
kingdom. 


682     Spain :  — Wamba  abdicites  and  tuna 

monk. 


690.  France  ;— P  epin  d'lleristel  ,^g 

mayor  of  the  Palace  and  duke  of  Auslrasia. 
ueleai.s  Thierrv.  and  becomes  king. 

091.  France  :— C  1  o  v  i  s    III  .@ 

* 
j  095.        "      — C  h  i  1  d  e  b  e  r  t    II  .^ 

C9S.  Poland  :— Cracow  founded. — An  elective 
I     monarchy  esiablisbed. 

Venice  :— Luc  Auafeito,  first  Doge. 

00.  Biitain:— An2lo-Sax(  :'  Octarchy. 

France: — A(iuitaine,  Burgundy  and  Pro- 
vence become  separate  dukedoms. 
"05.  Britain :— Alfred    the    Wise,   in  North- 
uinbria. 


'10.    Spain:  — R  o  d  e  r  i  c  ,    king,  ^    (the 
of  the  Goths.) 


711  l.lu.-tiidan  put  to  death   by  Philip  Bardanes.  t  'K 

who  reigus  under  the  u.ime  ol  I'hiliiJiJicus.   711.  France  :—D  a  g  oh  e  rt     11.^     


-Anastasius    II 


716 


Til  e  o  d  o  s  i  u  s     I  I  1  .    9? 

claiine  I  liv  the  revolted  ariiiv  of  .\na-la-ius 


1.3.  Spain  conquered  h  y  t  h  • 
Saracens  under  Muca.  By  ihf  ma.-- 
n.ii-'eof  .Abdallah.  ihe  Moor,  wi.b  lhe>«idow 
of  the  Goihic  king,  the  two  nition.--  an 
iHii;i'd  in  inicrest. 
pro-!  71!.  France  :—(,'liarles  Martol,  duke  of  Aus- 
trasia. 


A  "••"'    France  :— C  h  i  1  d  e  r  i  c     II     fey  — 

I  p  o    III.,  (the  Isauriau.)  ^ sou  716.  Britain  :— Eibelbald,  king  of  Mercia. 


ot  a  -hoemaker. 


718.  S|)ain: — Pelagius  founds  the  kiuKdom  i4 
I      Asturias. 


1720.  France  :— T  h  i  e  r  r  y     II  .^ 


6o 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


725  A.D. 


I'iiooiiEss  OF  Society,  etc. 


Increiisiiig 
power, 

spiritua; 
and 

temporal 
of  the 
Popes. 


Dark 

period 

of 

European 

iieraiure. 


Ecclesiastical. 


;3i 

73: 

7-10 

742 

748 


Winifred,  an  Anglo-Saxon,  preaches  the  gos- 
pel to  the  Frisons. 

The  venerable  Bede  dies— a  grammarian,  phi- 
losopher, histori.in,  and  theologian. 

The  Abassidae,  caliplis  of  the  Saracens,  en- 
courage learning. 


Predegaire,  a  French  historian. 

Virgilius,a.  priest,  is  condemned  as  a  heretic, 
for  believing  in  the  existence  of  antipotles. 


757  An  organ  sent  by  Constamine  to  France. 
760  John  of  Damascus,  a  founder  of  tlie  scholas- 
tic piiihHophy. 
Fredegaire  cnntinues  the  history  of  Gregocy 

of  Tours. 
The   schouls   of   Bagdad,   Cufa,   Alexiindi  in, 
Fez,  and    Cordova,  promoted  by  the  Abas- 
bidae  caliphs. 


Ignorance,  profligacy,  and  misery,  character 
ized  the  age  preceding  Charlemagne. 


The  iirst  palm-tree  planted  in  Spain. 


Golden  period  of  learning  in  Arabia,  under  the 
caliijh  Ilaroun  al  Raschid. 


7Sf  i  Pleaihn2s  in  courts  of  justice  first  practised. 
793  [Foundation   of   schools    in   monasteries    and 

!     cathedral^,  by  Charlemagiie. 

jThe  GreS'irian  chtmt. 
m  ;The  Synod  of  Frankfort. 

George,  the  m'>nk. 


726.  Image  worship  being  forbidden  by  thi 

emperor  Leo,  causes  great  disturbance. 
7'.;:7.  Peter' s  pence  first  collected  in  England 
728.  Leo  orders  the  pope  to  be  seized. 

730.  Gregory  excommunicates  the  emperor. 
The  Icunuclunts,  or  image  breakers. 

731.  Pope  Gregory  III. 


(■36.  The  images  throughout  the  empire  I»- 
stroyed  by  order  of  the  empercr. 
Monks  persecuted. 
Ml    Pope  Zachary 


M2.  The  Pope  dethrones  Chiideric,  king  of 
France,  by  a  papal  decree. 

lo-i.  Pope  Stephen  III.  at  war  with  the  Lom- 
bards, assisted  by  Pepin. 


751.  — he  journeys  to  Pepin  to  implore  his 
protection. 

7.55.  Commencement  of  the  Pope's 
temporal  power  under  the  auspices 
of  Pepin,  who  bestows  on  Stephen  the  ex- 
archate of  Ravenna. 

757.  Pope  Paul  I. 


7r.S. Stephen  IV. 

7lJ9.  Council  of  the  Laleran. 

770.  The  Eastern  monasteries  dissulved  by  the 
em[)eror. 

ni.  Pope  Adrian  I.,  on  whom  the  Ecclesias- 
tical state  is  conferred  bv  Charlemagne. 


70.  Imposition  of  Tithes  enforced  by  Char- 
leinagne,  for  the  su|)port  of  the  clergy 
churches,  schools,  and  the  poor. 

35.  Forcible  conversion  of  the  Saxons  by 
Charlemagne. 


rS7.  The  seventh  general  Council  at  Nice,  in 
which  the  doctrine  of  the  Iconoclasts  «»at 
condemned. 


■91.  Pope  Leo  III.  sends  to  Charlemagae  foj 
confirmation. 

Miisses  said  fur  ?noney 


794  A.I). 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


61 


EASiE'iN  Empire,  Asia,  &c. 


The  Arabs  invest  (Jonslantinople  by  land  with 
li!U,OUU  men,  ami  by  ^ea  wjtli  ISOO  ship3. 
The  city  is  save,!  by  the  (Jreek  lire— the 
Aiab  lleet  heiii^  ahiiost  entirely  destroyed. 

I,eo  coiitiscates  (Jalabria  and  Sieily. 

The  Greek  possessions  in  Italy  are  lost  ir  cor- 
Be(]ti>'nce  ol'  the  edict  iirbidiiing  image  wor- 
shiji. 


Euiioi'tL,  generally. 


741 
74C 


725.  France :— Charles  Martel  crosses  th« 
Rhine,  and  subdties  Bavaria. 

727.  Britain  :— Ina,  king  of  Wessex,  begins  th« 
tax  called  Peter's  peiwe,  to  support  a  col- 
lege at  Rome. 


Constantine  V    iCojironymus;. 


,732.  France  :— Charles  Martel   gains  a  great 
}     victory  over  the  Saracens  near  Tours. 


740.  Spoletto  taken  by  the  Normans,  but  re- 
covered by  the  Poi>e. 


781 
755 
780 

r93 


The  Arabs  defeated  by  Constantine. --Rhodes, 
Cyprus,  and  Autioch  cajitured. 


Almtmzor,  caliph;  builds  Bagdar"  and  iniikeR 

it  his  capital. 
;\sia  .Minor  ravaged  by  the  Turks 


Great  victory  over  the  Biiltrarians. 


Const  :in  line  VI.  (roiphyrojenetiis) '^ 
In  lie  ((|ii'!i'ii  iTioiier)  restores  jmaei^  worship. 
'I'lii'   cininic    is   invaded  bv     Maroun     al 

1:  .1  s  r  li  i  d  ,     ctdjpl:  ol'  r.a':d;id. 
Co>i~-i;i'i'ii.e   liiipri.-'oi  s  Ins  ivoilc'i'.  Irene,   for 

hr.r  rnicty. 

I  r  e  I.  r  ff^ pn's  hiin  to  death, 

and  ri--iiiii.  s  the  s-  d"  power. 
— pri>|)o  rs  to  ni.irrv  Cli.irl'Tiitii'nc 
— jsil,::li|-un,-il  bv  Nicrphoiin. 
The  Sai-ici  ir-  rava."e  Thrace. 


7-12.  France  :— i;  h  1  1  d  e  r  i  c     III. 


52.    France  :— Enil  of  the  Merovingian    line 
of    French  kiug.s. 

— P  e  p  i  n    I  e    I!  r  e  f  ,^s 


first  of  the  Carlovintritui  line. 
7.53.  Pepin  le  liref  aiils  the  Pope  with  a  larg« 
army  against  the  Lombtirds. 
Italy  : — Ravenna  a  dukedom. 


^50.  Spain  .---Separated  from  the  Caliphate  . 
A  b  d  e  r  h  a  m  a  . 


761.  Spain: — Froila,  grand.son  of  Pelai^ius, 
builds  Oviedo,  and  mtikes  it  the  setit  of  his 
kingdom. 

768.  France  :— CHART,E.MAGNE,  or  Charles 
the  Great,  reigns  -with  his  brother.  Carlo 
man,  until  771. 


77-1  Charlemagne  invades  Italy;  defeats 
Didier,  king  of  I.ombtirdy,  and  annexes 
Itjilv  to  his  empiie. 

End     of     the     Lombard     king- 
dom. 

77-<.  A  part  of  Cliarlemairne's  army  deflated 
at  Ronce.svtiUes. 

77'.)  CliarleniaL'iie  conrpiers  Navarri',  Sardinia, 
and  the  Saxons. 

CharlemiiL'iie  coiifiuers  the  Avari. 
— atteiii|)!s   to    iniiie    the   Ulihie  and  th« 
Dtmulje. 

7^7.  Britain  :—l-"irsi  recordeil  invasion  of  lh< 
Danes  :—'J'he  .V'-';  Ki?t/,''i  and  T.im^s. 


■94.  Charlematrne  exlirpalcp  the  Ifuns. 
Sweden  conquered  by  Iva  Viafatno 


62 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


800  A.D.- 


800 


Progress  op  SociEry. 


Ecclesiastical. 


Agriculture  and  horticul- 
ture en-,oura3eil  by  Charle- 
mairiie ;  boili  Huurish  in 
Spain  under  the  caliphs. 


Gold  mines  worked  in  Spain. 
801  I  Paul  Warefredus  (Diaconus) 
the  histoi'ian. 
Haroun  al  Raschid,  courting 
liis  alliance,  presents  Charle- 
magne with  a  striking  clock. 
Thi.<  clock  was  adorned  witli 
automaton  figures,  which 
moved  and  played  on  va- 
rious musical  instruments. 


804 


Fine  Arabian  breed  of  horses 
in'roduceii  into  Spain. 

Alcuin,  of  York,  a  pupil  of 
Bede,  tbrms  schools  at  Tours 
—patronized  by  Charle- 
magne. 

Transient  revival  of  learning 
under  Charlemagne. 

Eginhard,  historian,  secre- 
tary to  Charlemagne. 

The  reign  of  Alamun  (caliph) 
is  regarded  as  the  Augustine 
age  of  Arabian  literature. 


828  St.  Mark's  Church  at  Venice 

,     built. 
829. Turpin,  archbishop,  to  whom 
is    attributed     the     famous 
I     '•  I)e  Vila  Caro'i  Magni  et 
Rolandi." 


800.  The  Pope  separates  from 
the  Eastern  Empire,  and 
becomes  supreme  Bishop  of 
the  Western. 


Charlemagne  reforms  the 
church. 


Many  bishoprics  founded. 
— Great  increase  of  monastic 
institutions. 


New  Western  Empire. 


813     Insurrection    at 
against  the  pope. 


816.  Pope  Stephen  V. 

817.  "      Paschal  I. 

The  Culhge  of  Cardinals 
founded. 


824.  Pope  Eugenius  II. 

Christianity  in  Derimark 
and  Sweden. 

827.  Pope  Valentine. 

828.  "      Gregory  IV. 
Missionaries    sent    from 

France  to  Sweden. 

831.  Paschasius  Radbertus,  a 
monk  of  Corbey,  father  of 
the  doctrine  of  transub- 
stantiaiion.  This  docirine 
disowned    by    t'  'ish 

Church. 

Ratrumus   and    li  ,ri- 

gena,  theologians,  .ioKiiiig 
much  the  same  opinions  as 
Luther. 


800  NEW  EMPIRE  of  ih« 
WEST  founded  by  Charle- 
magne, who  is  crowned  al 
Ronie,  by  the  pope,  king  0/ 
Italy,  Germany,  and  France 


802.  Charlemagne  receives  an 
embassy  from  Nicephorus 
and  from  Haroun  al  Ras- 
chid. 


806.  Charlemagne  di- 
vides the  empire  be- 
tween his  three  sons. 

808.  First  descent  of  the  NOR 
MANS  upon  France. 


813.  Charlemagne  dies,  Jan. 
28. 

814.  L  o  u  i  s   I .  ^S . 

(Debonaire)   an    inglorious 
and  turbulent  reign. 

817.  Louis  divides  the  empire 

betwr      ■  '^  three  sons. 
820.  Inv,!        of  the  Normans. 


833.  Lothaire,  a  fourth  son  of 

Louis,  as,sociated  in  the  gov- 
ernment. 

340.  — L  o  t  h  a  i  r  e  .^S — 

811.  —defeated  by  his  brothers, 
Louis  and  Charles,  in  the 
battle  of  Fontenoy. 

Divi.-ion  of  the  empire. 

France :— Charles  I.^g 
(the  Bald). 

Ger. :— L  o  u  i  s    I.  ^g 

^surnamed    the    Ger 


Italy  :— Lot  hai  re  ^^ 
with  imperial  dignity. 

The  Normans  plundel 
Rouen,  and  advance  to  Paris 


842  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


63 


Eastern  Empire. 


— N  i  c  e  p  ti  0  r  11  s  .^^ — 

The     Saracens    ravage    ARia 

Minor,  capiiire  Cypru?,  and 

compel  Nicephorus  to  pay  a 

tribute. 


—  Michael    I  .  -^ 

(Caropalies) ;    at  war  with 
the  Bulgari. 


Earthquake?,  famine,  fire,  &c. 
ravage  the  empire. 


Michael    I  I  .  W 

(Halbus  or  the  Stammerer). 

Conslaniii.  iiij  bepiesed  by 
the  Saiii.-.ris.  The'BulL'a- 
rians  rai^^e  the  siege.  The 
Saraccn.s  obtain  possession 
of  Crete,  and  name  it  Can- 
dia. 


-Theophilus, 


—Mi  ch  ae  1    III.   ^^- 
(the  Drnnkiird). 


813.  Egbert,  king  of  Wessex, 
defeats  the  Ltriton.s. 


827.  The  seven  king- 
doms of  the  Hep- 
tarchy united  by  I'lg- 
b  e  r  t ,  king  of  W  e  s  s  e  .x , 
under  the  name  of  ENO- 
LAND,  or  the  Land  of  the 
Angles. 

E  g  b  e  r  t  . 

lnva.=iion  ol'  the  Da 

a'i^.  -  E  t  h  e  1  w  o  1  f , 
a  wi'Mk  prince. 

Sciitlaiid  :— Kenneth,  king 
of  till'  Scoi.s;,  iJciRiiis  and  ex- 
tiri.aioK  the  Picls,  ;ind  be- 
comes sole  monarch. 

'I'he  D.uies  return,  and 
ravast'  the  country  unmo- 
li'.'iicd,  and  burn  the  city  of 
London. 

Kihel  wolf  makes  a  pilgri- 
m.ige  to  Rome. 


The  World,  elsewhere 


801.  DENMARK   becomo    1 
kingdom  under  Gotricut 


818.  A!  Mamun  (caliph)  a  pa- 
tron of  le.'inung. 

820.  V'\xsi  dismemberment  of 
the  Arabian  monarchy.  The 
dynasty  of  the  Taheritea 
founded  at  Khorassan. 

82G.  The  Danish  prince,  Ha- 
rold, is  baptized  at  Ingel- 
heim. 


a3,?.  Motassim,  caliph.  Ht 
builds  Saumora,  which  hi 
makes  the  seat  cf  go'reni' 

inent. 


^H 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


844  A.D.- 


4.D.  I       Progress  of  Society. 


Ecclesiastical. 


The  aristocratic  Feudal  sys- 
tem in  all  its  power.  Here- 
ditary nobility,  which,  with 
the  clergy,  was  the  domi- 
nant order  in  tlie  state 


B?2 


The    barons   independent    of 

the   king.      Gradual    intro-  S'>0. 

ductiou  of  tlie  Human  and       !j\ 

t:^mmnn  late.  an 

Sm. 


84 1.  Pope  Sorgius  III.  (Bucca 
I'urci). 

Ignatius,     patriarch     of 
Coiisiaiiiinople. 
I  Persecution  of  the  Chris- 

I     tians  in  Spain. 
i847.  Pope  Leo  IV. 


Christianity  propagated 
Aii.scharius  in  Denmark 
il  Sweden. 
Pope  Henedict  III. 


France;,  Spain,  Gehmany. 


First  inciosure  of  lands  at 
Spalding,  where  Richard  de 
Rules  does  much  to  improve 
agriculture. 


Clocks  brought  to  Constanti- 
nople from  Venice. 


rhe   Faroe  Isles,  and  Iceland 
discovered  in  this  century. 


80S.  Pope  Nicholas  I. 

,   First  coronation  of  a  pope. 
859.   liulogius,  archbishop  nf 

Cordova,  martyred. 
8G0.  Tlie  schism  of  the  Greeks 

begins. 


SG4.  The  Bible  translated  into 
Slavonian 

SC7.  Pope  Adrian  II. 

Sill  Con.ncil  at  Constan- 
tinople — Phoiius,  patriarch 
of  Constantinople,  depo.sed. 

872.  Pope  John  VIII. 


Sou.  Lothario  retires  to  a  mo 
nastery  and  dies. 

New  division  of  the  em 
[lire  at  Mersen. 

SoU.  Germ. :— Louis  11.^ 
has  Italy  with  the  im- 
perial dignity. 

— establishes  his  court  at 
Pavia. 

S.3S.  France  invaded  by  Louia 
the  German,  who  is  tinally 
compelled  to  retire. 


6S.     Lorraine     annexed     ta 
France. 


77.  Fr.  :-I,ouis  II.^_ 

{the  Stammerer). 

79. — L  o  u  i  8   III.  and 


S?'2.  Pope  .Martin  IL 
S81       "      Adrian  III 

SS5.      "      Stephen  VI, 


C  ;  r  ;  c  m  a  n 
rcign;ointly. 


S51.  France  :—C  h  a  r  1  e  s^g 
the  Fat.  an  usurper. 

SST).  Paris  besieged  by  the 
Normans;  gallantly  defend 
ed  by  archbishop  Goslin. 

886.  Charles  makes  a  disgrace- 
ful peace  with  the  Normans. 

887.  Germany  : — A  r  n  0  I  d  , 

emperor. ^§ (the  im- 
perial dignity  tnmslerred 
from  France  to  Germany)- 

888.  Francs  ;— E  u  d  «  9  ®  - 


389  -^^'^' 


A  CIIROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


Eastern  Empire. 


Decline  of  the  Calipliate  be- 
gins.— .lew.s  mvi  Cliristi.in.s 
persecute'!. — Frec|iieni  \v;ir,-; 
between  the  Greelc-'^and  Sa- 
racens. 


B  az  i  1     I  .  ^ 

(the     Macedonian;,    defea 
the  Saracens. 


Crete   and  the   Sicilies   reco- 
vered from  the  Arabs. 


Ba'il  commences    the   Mace- 
donian dvnasiv. 
aes  Publication  of  liie  Basilica. 


S19.  Alfred  the  Great,  born. 


%2.     Ethelwolf    defeats     the 
Danes  in  the  Isle  ol'  Thanet. 


57.  E  t  h  e  1  b  a  1  d  and  Ethel- 

b  e  r  t  ^^ — rei;?n  jointly  : — 
increase  the  inllnence  of  the 

clergy. 


I..O     VI.      1 

(th'j  j.hilo.-t.phcr). 


S>'A  — E  t  h  e  1  r  e  d  .^ 

Su7.  The  Danes  conquer  isor- 
thuniberland. 


872.  Alfred  the  Great] 
defeats  the  Danes. 


7!i.  Alfred  abandoned  l)y  Iiis 
pul}jecis,  retires  to  tlie  Isle  ol 
Aihelney,  but  soon  draws 
toL'eiher  iiis  Iriends  and  con- 
quias  the  Danes. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


845.  The  Normans  plunder 
Haniburc,  and  penetrate  into 
Germany. 

846.  Ihe  Saracens  destroy  the 
Venetian  fleet,  and  besiege 
Rome. 

849.  —defeated  by  the  Pope's 

allies. 
851.  Sardinia  and  Corsica  tt 

vatred  by  the  Saracens. 


S56.  The  coasts  of  Holland 
plundered  by  the  Nor- 
mans. 


800.  Gorm  the  Elder,  (descend- 
ed from  Odin.)  unites  Jut- 
land and  ilie  Danish  Isles, 
and  becomes  king  of  Den- 
mark. 

S61.  Iceland  discovered  by  the 
Normans. 

862.  RUSSIA:  — Ruric,  first 
grand  I'rince,  builds  t!ie  city 
of  Lagoda. 


868.  Eiypt  throws  ofT  its  de- 
•pende'nce  on  the  caliphs,  un- 
der Ahmed. 

874.  Iceland,  a  republic,  found 
ed  bv  the  N<uinans. 
5.      NORWAY  :  —  Harold 
Harfrage,  first  king. 


889.  Hungary:  —  Arpad  layi 
j  the  fouiidi  tion  of  tne  kinj' 
'■     dom. 


66 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


890  A.D.- 


k.D. 

Progress  of  Society. 

Ecclesiastical. 

France,  Germany,  &c. 

S90 

Oxford     Univcrsily     found- 

890, Arnold,  emperor  of  Rer 

ed.— AU'red  ihe  Greai  e.sta- 

891.  Pope  Formosus. 

many,  takes  Rome. 

blislies    a    resular    militia 

390.      "      Boniface  VI. 

and  navy,  and  the  mode  o( 

"     Stephen  VII. 

trial  by  jury  ;  insiituie.s_/an-s 

898.      "     .lohn  IX. 

<«s» 

and     markets.  — Johannes 

Veneration  for  saints  and 

898.  Fr. :— C  h a  r  1  e 3  II I . ^ 

Sculus  Erigena,  a  learned 

a  passion  for  relics  prevail. 

(the  Simple;. 

phikLsophical  writer. 

899.  Ger,  :-Louis    III,^ 

jOO 

England    divided   into    coun- 

900. Pope  Benedict  IV. 

Invasion  of   tlie   Hunga- 

ties, hundreds,  and  tithings. 

rians, 

Tlie     county    courts,     iield 

Contests  between  the  no- 

nionilily, become  liie  great 

903.      "     Leo  V. 

bles  and  bishops 

sal'e^'iiard  of  tlie  civil  riglits 

of  Enijlishmen. 

Hired  troops  substituted  for 

905.     "     Sergius  III. 

the  feudal. 

912.  The  Normans  in  France 

912.  France:— Robert,  duke 

embrace  Christianity. 

of  Xormandy. 

The  Normans,  under 
R  0  1  1  0  ,  establish  them- 
selves in  Normandy. 

914.  Pope  John  X. 

Ger. :— Conrad   I.^ff 

(the     empire    becomej 

elective). 

915 

The     Unirersify    of     Cam- 

bridge founded. 

919  Ger,  :— Henry  I.^— 
(the  Fowler),  fii-st  01  the 
Saxon  line. 

921.  The  Bohemians  embrace 

921.    France :— Robert    1.   de- 

Christianity. 

feated    and    killed    by     his 

The   Anslo-Saxon    monarchy 

brother  at  Soissons. 

rises  into  ijnportance. 

923,  France  :— Rudolph  elect- 
ed duke. 

Italy-:  —  Hugo,  count  of 
Provence,  oppresses  the  aris- 
tocracy, who  call  to  their  aid 
Berenirer. 

9-29 

Azophi,  Arabian  astronomer. 

928.  Pope  Leo  VI 

929.  '•      Stephen  VIII. 
Eudes.  monk  of  Cluni. 

931.  Pope  .lohn  XI. 

Mere  children  elevated  to 
the   h.ighest    offices    in    the 

Fraiice :— Civil  wars. 
929.        "       —Charles  dies  a 
prisoner  at  Peronne. 

933 

Printing  invented  among  the 
Chinese  (7) 

church. 

9.3(3,  Pope  Leo  VII. 

036.  Ger.  :— O  the  I  .^— 
(the  Great) 

9:{9 

(yordova,  in  Spain,   becomes 
the  seat  of  Arab   learning. 

939.      "      Stephen  IX. 

Fr,  :-L  0  ti  i  s    l\  .W 

science,  industry,  and  com- 

(the  Stranger). 

m^rce.  Its  celebrated  schools 

of  geometry, astronomy,  che- 

mistry  and  medicine,  toge- 

ther with   its  equally  cele- 

brated   poets    and    philoso- 

phers,    render     it     famous 

throu2houl  the  world. 

Luitprand.  the  historian. 

940 

Minis  established  in  Kent  or 

9^10.  Burgundy,  a  fief  0    tbt 

Wessei. 

empire. 

940  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


^1 


VA 


Eastekn  Empire. 


Southern  Italy  subject   to  the 

Greek  empire. 
War     with     the    Bulgarians. 

Lombarils.   ami   S.u-aceii:~ 

the  latter  take  the  island  oi 

Samo3, 


Rupsiar.  expedition  under 
Ole?,  azairijt  Constantini> 
pie. 


-Constantine  VII.  f^- 
a.?j(iriate.-i  iiis  (our  sons,  so 
that  there  are  five  emperors. 


Constantinople  besieged  by  the 
Bulsarians. 

Roman  us,  general  of  the  fleet, 
usurps  the  en]pire,  with  his 
three  sons,  Christopher,  Ste- 
phen, and 

-Constantine  VIII. ^^- 


Invasion  of  tlie  Danes. 
The  tirst  land  tax. 


901 .  E  d  w  a  r  d^ 

(the  Elder),  the  first  wlio 
takes  the  title  of  "  Ke.x  An- 
glorum." 

War  with  the  Danes. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


-A  t  h  e  1  8  t  a  n  .  W  — 


lomaniis  crnin-  a  naval  victorv 
ov>.r  ill.-  l{u-~ian^  win.  I.M 
hv  iL'^r,  m-t-r  ilio  Itlack 
S<vi  will,  lu.ooii  ships-  or  ca- 


934.  —by  the  victory  of  I!ru- 
iianliur^h.  he  l)ecomes  kin:^ 
of  all  Britain. 


GOO.    Scotland:  — Constantiiii 

III. 
901.  Italy :— The  republics 

of   Venice   and  Genoa 

founded. 


908.  The  race  of  Fatimite.s  in 

EL'Vpt. 

910.  Sjiain  :— Kingdom  of  Leon 
founded  by  Garcia. 

912.  Spain  :— Abderrahman  III. 
the  irreatest  Arab  prince  of 
Spahi — builds  the  splendid 
city  and  jialace  of  Zehra. 

914.  Spain  ;— Ordognoll.,  king 
of  Oviedo,  makes  Leon  his 
capital. 

Commencement    of     the 
heroic  age  in  Si)ain. 


921.  Poland  :—Lesko  IV. 
•■        — Zemormysl. 

923.    Spain:— Fniela,  king  of 

Leon. 
92!.        "      — Alplmnzo  IV. 
927.        "      — Ramiro  II. 


930.    Denmark  :— Harold  VL, 

firs'  Clirisiian  kiiiL'. 
0.32.     Irnolf  of   Bavaria,    de- 
feated near  Verona. 
93.i.    Norway  :— Eric,    king— 

his  cruelly  leads  the  peoola 

to  revolt. 


am  — E  d  m  11  n  d  1  .^'  —  ,910.  Spain  :— Ramiro,  kin^  of 
brother  of  Athelstan.     "  J, pm,.  drfrats  the  .Moors,  lift- 

di-r  Ali-!crrahman,  inthe  ba* 
tie  of  Simaaciis. 


6S 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


941  A.l; 


Progkess  op  Society. 


The  mercamile  character 
raised  by  a  law  of  Aihelstan. 
that  a  mercham  who  inade 
three  voyages  over  ihe  high 
seas  with  a  ship  and  cargo 
01'  his  own.  should  enjoy  the 
rank  and  privileges  of  a 
tliane. 

91]  I  The  fissures     of    arithmetic 
\     brought  into  Em-ope  Ity  the 
Saracens. 

Silver  mines  in  the  Ilartz 
Mountains. 

Manufactories  of  linens  and 
teonllens  in  Flanders,  which 
becomes  tlie  sea.  of  western 
commerce. 


ECCLESIA.«1TICAI.. 


978 


Geber,  Arabian  a.=tronomer. 
Suidas,  grammarian  and  lexi- 
cographer. 
Rhazes,  Arabian  physician. 


The  Saxonjleet.  consisting  of 
360  sail,  in  three  squadrons. 
makes  the  circuit  of  tlie 
island,  under  the  command 
of  king  Edgar. 


Abbo,  monk  and  astronomer. 


Albirunius,  Arabian  geogra- 
pher. 

Greenland  discovered  by  the 
Norwegians. 


Aimoin.  historian. 


Dublin  much  frequented  for 
irade.  also  many  places  on 
the  Baltic. 


943.     Pope  Martin  III. 


910.  Pope  Agapctus  II. 


France,  Germany,  &c. 


Ki>  Baptisrn  of  Olga,  and  con 
version  of  Russia  to  Chris- 
tianity. 

9oli.  Pope  John  XII. 

Quarrel  with  the  emper- 
ors I'especting  investiture. 

959.  St.  Dunstan,  archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  attempts  to 
rel'orm  the  church— enforc- 
ing clerical  celibacy. 

The    influence    of     the 
monks  greatly  increased. 


96.'^.  Pope  Leo  VIII.  elected  by 
Roman  citizens. 


904.  Benedict  V.  elected  by  a 
council. 

905.  John  XIII. 

Poland   receives    Christianity 
under  Miecislus. 


972.  Pope  Benedict  VI. 

973.  Boniface   VII.  :  deposed 
and  banished  for  his  crimes. 

974.  Domnus  II. 

975.  Benedict  VII. 


934.  Pope  John  XIV. 
980.      '•     John  XV. 


9S9.  Christianity  propagated 
in  Russia  by  Waldimir — 
they  hold  io  the  Greek 
church. 


950.  Germany  : — Bohemia  ba 
comes  tributary  to  Otho. 

953.  The    Hungarians    sub 
dued. 

954.  Fr. :— Lothaiie   I.^ 

— confers  the  U'ikedoins  o( 
Biirgnndy  and  Aquitaine  on 
Hugh  the  Great. 

957.  Germany  : — Otho  defesM 
the  Slavonians  in  Saxony 


y 

964.  Italy  imited  to  the  empira 
of  Germany. 

Tuscany  becomes  a  duke- 
dom. 


97.3.  Ger. :— Otho   11.^ 

subdues  the  Bohemians. 


979.    Otho  at  war  with   Lu 

thaire. 


9S3.  — Ot  h  o    III.  ,^  — 
(3  years  of  age). 

936.  Fr. ;— L  0  u  i  s    V .  ,^ 

("the  Slothful,")  lastol  'ha 
Carlovingian  race. 

^.Fr.:  Il-jgh  Capet,^ 
—founder  of  the  third  01 
Capetian   line    of    Frenck 

kings. 


989  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


69 


A.D.  Eastbrn  Empire. 

942  Xaples   annexed    to  the  em- 
pire. 

945  The  empress    Helen    usurps 
I     the  throne. 


Engl.\nd.  &c. 


Constantino  III.  retires  info  a 
cloister. 


— R  cm  anus  II  .^^  — 
poisoned  by  his  wife,  Tiieo- 
phatio. 


903— Xicephorus    11."^  — 


907  —he  reci>ror.=  Cyprus  anil  An- 
tioch  iVoiii  the  Saracens. 

9G9| — is  murdered  by 

—J  0  h  n    Z  i  mi  s  c  e  3  .  ^5  — 


Basil  and  Constantino 
VIII.  © 


Apu  ia  and  Calabria  recover- 
ed and  united  to  the  empire. 


940. E  1  d  r  e  d^ 

governed  by  Dimsian,  abbot 
of  Glastonbury. 

952.    Scotland  :  —  Malcolm  I 
king. 


9Ciu.  Scotland:— Indulf,  king 


955.  E  i\wy^ 

insulted  by  Dim>tan.  and 
deposed — his  ijueen,  Elgiva. 
put  to  death. 


Thb  World,  elsewhere. 


a  r 


€«- 


9.39. E  d  . 

marries  the  beauiiful  El- 
Irida.  after  tlie  violtTit  death 
of  Atliehvold.  her  lover. 

960.  Scotland  :--Uiiir.  king. 
Wolves  e.vpelled  irom 
England  and  Wales,  in  coji- 
sequence  of  a  reward  beine 
offered  for  the  purjjose  by 
tbe  kins. 

Violent  disputes  between 
the  monks  and  tiie  cleri'v. 


975.   E  d  w  a  r  d  i^'^ 

:ihe  mariyr).   nnirien-d  liy 
his  stepmother,  Ijllnda. 


97=!.  —Ethel  red  II  .f^*'- 
("  the  T'nready  "  >— Dun  i.m 
still  minister.'— The  peojili; 
become  di.^contenied. 


950.  spam  :~Ordono  III.  kini 

of  Leon. 


955.  Spain  :—Sancho  I.,  king 
of  Leon. 


953.  Italy:  -  War  between  tht 
Normans  and  Saracens. 


901.    Candia  recovered   from 

the  Saracens. 
962.  Poland: — Miecislas  esta- 
blishes Christianity. 


9G7.  Spain: — Ramiro  III.,  king 
f  Leon. 

96S.  The  Northmen  devastate 
Oalicia,  but  are  defeated  and 
almost  exterminated. 


97.1.  Ilumrary  :  — St.  Stephen; 

first  hcrediiary  king,  extends 

the  kinidom  eastward  ;  L'ives 

ii  a  constitution  and  written 

l.nvs 
970.    Spain  :—IIixem,    calij.h 

of  Cordova. 

Alniansor.  rencni.  nblain't 

many    victories    over     tlie 

Ciiristians. 


9^1.    Russia: —Waldimir   I, 
in.iiric--   .\nn.-i,   --i.-ter  of  the 
emperor  li.isd   II. 
9<!.  Iiaiy  :— Vi-nice  distracted 
bv  violent  comniolions. 
9ft.5.    Danish   invasion,   under '9--5:  Swryn  !.,  or  Sweno.  king 
g^,,vn.  I     of  D-dnni.uk,  invades  Eng 

The  king  [)urcha-;e^  their,      land. 
retreat.  i 


oi 


70 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


993  A.D. 


99' 


10(K 


PaoaiiEss  OP  Society. 


Venice  and  Genoa  carry  on  a 
flourishing  trade  between 
A?ia  ajid  Western  Europe. 

Steplie.i,  duke  of  Hunga- 
ry, propagates  Cliristianity 
among  his  subjects. 


Ecclesiastical. 


Francb,  Germany,  &c. 


993.     First 
saints. 


canonization    q/"j 


Paper  made  of  cotton  rags. 


Spain,  the  seat  o.'"  Arabian  and 
Jewish  learning. 


Cliurches  first  built  in  the 
Gothic  sti/le. 

Foundation  ot'  llie  House  of 
Wisilom  at  Cairo. 

The  Frtnch  language  fit  A  be- 
gins to  be  written. 

Leo,  tlie  grammarian. 

Tlie  arts  I'amtiy  revive  in  Italy 
— paintings  in  fresco  and 
mosaic. 

Literature,  the  arts  and  sci- 
ences.and  commerce  flourish 
at  Ghizni. 

Musical  scale,  consisting  of  six 
notes,  invented  by  Guido 
Aretino. 

Avicenna.  a  famous  Arabian 
chemist  and  physician. 

Glaber  Rad.  hi.~!orian. 

Campanes,  of  Navarro,  astro- 
nomer. 

IlermannusCon'ractus,nwnk 
and  mathemati:ian. 


996.  Pope  Grejory  V. 
99/'.      ■•      Jolm  XVI. 


999.  Pope  Sylvester  II. 


Hungary    a    fief  of  the 
Romish  church. 


1003.  Pope  John  XVIII. 


1009.  Pope  Sergius. 
1012.      "      Benedict  VIII. 


Persecution  of  the  AlUi- 
senses  in  Languedoc. 


1024.  Pope  John  XIX.  He 
gained  his  election  by  bribe- 
ry. He  was  not  of  the  clergy, 
but  consul  and  senator  of 
Rome. 


1033.  Pope  Benedict  IX.,  (ten 
years  old). 

"  Peace   of  God."  pub- 
lished by  '.he  bishops. 


996.  Fr.  :— Robert  11.,^ 
—-(the  Wise,)  succeeds  his 
father  Hugh. 


998.  — is  excommunicated  by 
the  pope  for  marrying  hia 
cousm  Bertha. 


1002.Ger.  :— Henry  II.  ^ 
— (duke  of  Bavaria). 

Italy : — Ardoin,  margrave 
of  Ivrea,  elected  king. 


1004.  Italy  :— Henry  invited  by 
the  German  parly  — Ardoin 
loses  most  of  Italy  and  re- 
signs. —  Pavia  burnt  in  a 
quarrel  between  the  troops 
and  people. 


1015.  Germany  :— The  empe- 
ror receives  an  annual  tri- 
bute from  Poland. 


ia24.  Ger.  ;-Conrad  II.W 
— (the  Salic.)  first  of  tha 
Franconian  line. 

1025.  Expedition  into  Italy. 


1029.  War  with  the  Poles. 

1031.  Fr.:— Heijry   l.W~ 

1032.  Burgundy   annexed   a 
the  empire. 


1037  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


EASTEr.N  Empire. 


1010  Basil   drives    the    Bulgarian; 
rrom  ThK^saly. 


iria  a^ain   rntlur;J  to 
.'i-iaii  piuviiice. 


—  R( 

(An 


in  a  n  n  s     III.  ."'?->'- 
yrii-;. 

■N    tlif;    Sar.-ici'ii-    Ip 

■  uiinI  bv  lii~  wile;  '/.'»: 


•M  i  C  h  a  e  1     IV 


E.N»JLANI%  lice 


991.   Scotland  :  —  Con.stamiiie 

IV.  slam  by 
99o.  Kenneth  IV.,  (tlie  Grim) 


1002.  Dreadful  massacre  oT 
all  the  Danes  in  EiiL'land — 
upon  which  Sweyn  laniis  a 
large  armament,  and  brings 
war  and  all  its  miseries  ujjon 
the  couiiiry. 

10U3.  Scotland:— Malcolm  II., 
an  able,  renowned  prince. 


1012.  An  annual  tribute  pro- 
mised to  the  Danes. 

lOl.'i.  The  Danes. under  Swiyn. 
become  masters  ol'  Enttland. 


1010. 
(In 
wii 


1016. 
the 


— E  d  m  u  n  d  II.  .^— 

insidrs.)  figiiis  si.-c  bailies 
h  Canute,  kiuu'  of  Den- 
rk.  with  whom  he  finally 
ides  the  kin^'dom. 

Canute  ^^,5^- 

(neat,  (latronize.i  liiera- 


1027.    Ircdnnd:  —  Brian   Boru, 
sole  monarch. 


I'l'il.  ('nnute    pfnr-ir.'i'es    in'u 
Scotl.iud-suhdues  .Malcolm. 

WM.  — )iiMformsa  pilu'rimaire 

Ii::;i.  Scuil'd  :— Dunc.-m,  kniL'. 


Th3  World,  elsewhere. 


995.  Xorway  :— Olaf  I. 

Chrisiianiiy  introduced. 

997.  Dromheim  lounded. 

Mahniud  Sultan  of  Ghii- 
ni.  adds  Transoxiania,  Ca- 
bul,  and  pan  of  India  to  hit 
dominions;  patronizes  litera- 
ture. 

99S.  S|)ain  :— Division  of  the 
Moh.innneiian  kingdom  ol 
(Jorilova. 

1000.  Sancho  III.,  (the  Great.) 
king  of  Navarre,  takes  the 
title  of  emperor. 

lOOO.  Savoy  : — independent  un- 
der Hervald,  its  lirst  count. 

Poland  :  —  lioleslas  I., 
(the  Lion-liearied). 


lOOG.  Pestilence  in  Europe  foi 

three  years. 
1U12.    Sjjam: — Suleiman,   ca- 

lipli. 


1014.  Denmark  :— Harold  III., 
kinL'. 

1015.  Xorway  :— Olaf  II. 

1016.  Denmark  :— Canute   II., 
(the  Great). 


1(110.    Norway   conijuered   bv 

(J.nnie. 
^         Vn.ic.'.  G'-noa.  and  Pi.sa 

ri-c  iii'ii  nnporlance. 
lli-jj.  Poland  :— Miecielas  II. 


l(i:;5.  Sp.iin  :--I{.imiro  I    king 

Ml   Air.-iL'un. 


in;).-.  -  IT  a  r  o  1  d    1  .  .. 

P'-pu'llir  — ruled      by'    r.A\\    W  ■  I'lnlm.ind  I.,  of  Castile, 

(j„iljyi„^  j      m  riitlii  ol   hi- wile  sucreedi 

to  I. rem  ;  sucrisslul  agauuji 

!      thr  .'Mn|,.-,min,.,|,,us. 

,  lii^lo.     1).  till, ark  :  —  llardica. 

note  Hi. 
!  1(«7.    N>.rwav:— Magnus     I, 
Che  n i>  ' 


^2 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1038  A.D.- 


A^ 


Proqress  of  Society,  etc. 


Ecclesiastical. 


Ferdusi,  the  Persian  Homer. 
Franco,  matliematician. 
George  Cedrentis,  historian. 


Michael  Psellus,  a  celebrated 
Greek  pliilosopher  and  his- 
torian. 


English  parents  prohibited  by 
law  from  selling  their  chil- 
dren. 


First  ase  of  scholastic  pLilcsD- 
phy." 


^', 


1038.  The  Pope,  for  his  scan- 
dalous conduct,  driven  from 
Rome,  but  re-established  by 
the  emperor,  Com'ad. 


1044.  — again  driven  from  the 
throne,  and  succeeded  by 
Sylvester  III.  After  three 
months  Benedict  is  restored 
by  the  Counts  of  Tu.sculum. 
But  finding  the  people  will 
not  tolerate  his  crimes,  he 
sells  the  papal  chair  to  Gre- 
gory. 

— deposed  for  simony,  by 
a  council  called  by  Henry 
III. 

1046.  Pope  Clement  II. 

1048.  Damascus  II.,  23  days. 
'•      Leo  I.\.,  the  first  who 
kept  a  regular  army. 


1053.  — is  defeated  and  taken 
prisoner  by  the  Normans. 

1054.  The  papal  chair  vacant 
one  year. 

Excommunication  of  the 
Patriarch  of  Constantinople, 
and  the  Greeks. 


1055.  Pope  Victor  II. 

Iliidebrand,  the  real 
head  of  the  church  from  the 
time  of  Leo  IX.  The  church 
improving  in  piety  and  dis- 
cipline. 

1057.  Pope  Stephen  IX. 

1053.  Nicholas  II. 

Benedict  X..  (antipoi)e). 
The    election   of    pope 
transferred  to  a  conclave  of 
cardinals. 

10.59.  Quarrel  between  the 
popes  and  the  Germ.an  em- 
perors, respecting  investi- 
tures and  nomination  to  the 
Holy  See. 

10(51.  Pope  Alexander  II. 


1062.  Berenger,  a  celebrated 
French  ecclesiastic. 

Alexander    forbids    the 
massacre  of  the  Jews. 

1066.  Alexander  deposes  Ha- 
rold, and  gives  England  to 
William  _  Uie  Coriqueror, 
duke  of  Normandy. 


Fkanoe,  Germany.  &c. 


1039.  Ger.  :-Henry  1 11.^ 

— defeats  the  Bohemians 
and  Hungarians — claims  th« 
right  of  nominating  to  the 
papal  chair. 


1046.  France  :— Dispute  be- 
tween William  the  Con- 
queror and  William  o( 
Arques,   for    the    duchy   o) 

Normandy. 


10.53.  Germany  :— Henry  III. 
causes  his  son,  Henry,  to  b« 
proclaimed  king  of  the  Ro- 
mans. This  tide  was  ap- 
plied, for  several  centuries, 
to  the  king's  eldest  son. 


^-Ger.  :-Henry  IV.'^ 
— (the  G  reat).  aged  six  years 
under  the  tutelage  of  hi» 
mother. 
10.5S.  Roger,  duke  of  Apulia 
becomes  a  vassal  of  th« 
pope. 


1060   Fr. 


-Ph   lip 


(066  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


73 


1U38 

1011 

1012 
I0I2 


Eastern  Eiipire. 


10^ 

MM 
11.07 


Earthquakes    and    lamine    at 
Cuiisiaiitinopie. 

M  i  c  h  a  e  1     V  .  ,^ 

(Calaphales). 

— Zoe  &Theo(lora.^— 

-C  o  n  s  t  a  n  I  i  11  e  X  .  ,^§  — 

(.Monomarchu>j. 
First  invasion   of  the   Seijuk 

Turks. 
The  Russians  invade  Thrace 

with   1UU,(.«X)  men,  and  are 

repeatedly  deleaied   by  the 

Greeks. 


England,  6cc. 


T  li  e  0  d  i>  r  a  ."^f 

the  last  ol  .Macedonian  dy- 
nasty. 

The  (ireek  churcli  becovies 
inde|]endeiit. 

Michael     VI.,'^ 

(Sira  io;ichu-). 

I-^nac^ 

(Coinnenus). 


-Con  St  a  mine     \  I .  ,-*.^^ 
-(Duc.h;. 


1039.  -11  a  r  d  i  c  a  n  u  t  e  .fe- 
Scoi'd.  : — .Macbetli  mur- 
ders Duncan,  and  usurps  the 
throne. 

The  Saxon  line  restored 
under  J^ 

104-J. E  d  w  a  r  d^ 

(the  Confessor).  Tlie  coun- 
try prospers  under  his  mild 
sway. 


The   World,  elsewhere. 


1012.    Denmark  :  —  Magnus, 
(the  Good,)  ol  Norway, King. 


1051.  Rehellion  of  Earl   God- 
win :md  his  sons. 

William,  duke  of  Nor- 
mandv,  visits  Eihvard. 
1053.  The  Dane-<felt  abolished. 
Earl  Godwin  die.s 
The  Welch  and  the  Irish 
several   times   invade   Ens- 
land,  but  are  repressed   by 
Harold,  son  of  Godwin. 
10."i4.    Macbeth  defeated    and  j 
killed     at     Eangfanan.    by 
Siward,   earl   of   Xoiihum- 
berland. 


10.57.  Scotland;— Malcolm  III. 


KiO.  — Hnrnld  II..  '?,^'  - 
rlrrlrd  km-:  klMed  :il  Iht^j 
l!.\'lTI,i;  of  I1.\SJINGS. 

WII.MAM  1  .'^^  — i 

duke  of  NMiiimndy,  siyled| 
'■  die  (.'nnqncior,''  - 

End  of  I  he  AiiL'lo. 
Saxon     dvn-i-'v, 

EdL'ar  Atheling  flies  to 
Scotland.  I 


10-17.    Denmark  : — Sweyn  Es- 
truson,  or  Suenon  II. 


1050.  The  Pisans  and  Genoese 
take  Sardinia  and  Corsica 
from  tlje  Saracens. 


10.55.  The  Turks  reduce  Bag- 
dad, and  overturn  the  enn- 
pire  of  the  cali[)h3. 


li«l.  Sweili-n;  —  lUL'eldus  or 
IiiL'o   1.,  the  first   Chri.~tian 

1(11.1).  Uo'iert  Guiscard,  iha 
Norni;m,  is  created  by  ihi 
pojie.  duke  of  A|iulia, 

IINJ,.'.  7ii,(»io  Europeans  an 
killed,  or  made  pri.~oi.ere  by 
ihe  Tnrk~  in  Palestine. 

10ii5.  .Inn  aleni  taken  by  thi 
S^inicn,-^. 

lf,|-,5,  Ci-tiN;  and  lecQ  —k\ 
phoii/.o,  kit  .;. 


74 


THE    world's   progress.  I066  A.D.- 


A.D.     PaoOBESs  OF  Society,  etc.  Ecclesiastical.  France,  Germany,  &Spjhn 


1073 


FeuJal  System  introduced  in 
England  by  the  Normans. 


Surnames   first  used   amonj; 
the  English  nobility. 


Knights  errant  in  Spain. 


ingulphus,  historian,  secre- 
laiy  to  William  the  Con- 
oueror. 


Marianus   Scotus. 
BookstUers  first  heard  of. 


London    Bridge    and    West- 
minster Hall  built. 


1  Lanfranr,     archbishop      of 
Canterbury. 
Doomsday  Book  compiled  by 
order  of  W'illi.Tm  the  Con- 
queror. 


U»l 


1 090 
1092 


William  of  Spires,  niathep.a- 

tician. 
A  ri?i(l  police   established    in 

Eniflaml. — The  curfew. 
Norman  F'rencli  taught  in  All 

the  schools,  and  made  use  of 

in  all  legal  proceedings. 
Literature   ptitronized   in   tlie 

East  by  Melek  Shah. 


Fortress  of  Newcastle  and  of 
Carlisle  built. 


Popery  at  the  height 
of  its  power,  claiming 
supreme  dominion,  tem- 
poral and  spiritual,  over 
all  the  states  of  Cliristen- 
dom. 


1066.  William.  Duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, claims  the  crown  o( 
England,  and  makes  wa» 
upon  Harold  to  obtain  it 


1071.  Philip  engages  in  a 
war  with  Robert,  count  01 
Holland. 

ly 

1072.  Henry  IV.  of  Germany, 

summoned  befjire  the  pope, 
for  selling  the  investiture  oj 
bishops.  Treats  the  man- 
date with  contempt. 

1073.  — summoned  again  by 
Gregory  Vll. 


1073.Pope  Gregory  VII., 
(Hildebrand.)  who  attempts 
to  free  all  the  clergy  from 
the  civil  jurisdiction.  He 
quarrels  with  the  emperor. 

1074.  Simony  and  celibacy 
forbiiiden. 

1075.  The  pope  sends  legates 
to  the  various  courts  of  Eu- 
rope. 

1076,  Sends  an  ambassador 
to  depose  the  pope — is  excom  municated  by  Gregory.  Goes 
barefoot  to  liis  lioliness,  makes  humble  submission,  and  kisses 
his  feet. 

1076.  Tuscany  and  Genoa  be  queathed  to  the  Holy  See  by 
the  Empress  Matilda. 

1076.  Spain  :— The  Cid. 

1078.  The  pope  sets  up  Ru  dolph,  of  Bavaria,  as  anti- 
emperor.  Rudolph  dies  in 
1080.    Ger.  .-—Henry    IV.    de- 

srades    Gregory     for    his   in  trigues  against  him,  and  makes 

an  expedition   into  Italy,  and  procures  another  pope  to  be 

elected.      The  war  continues  till 

1034,  when  Henry  triumphs 

over  Gregory,  who  flees  to  Sa  lerno,  and  dies  in  exile  in  1U85. 


1084.  The  order  of  the 
Carthusia7is  instituted  by 
Bruno. 


Tope  Victor  III. 


1088. ^Pope  Urban  II. 


1085.  Spain  : — Toledo  taken 
from  the  Moors,  by  Don 
Rodrigo,  the  Cid,  assisted  by 
Raymond,  count  of  Tou- 
louse. 

10S6.  Spain:— The  battle  ol 
Zalaca.  , 

1087.     France  :  —  War    with  /^ 
England :   Robert,   duke   ol 
Normandy,    oppcrses    Wil- 
liam Rufus. 


1092  A.D. 


A  CHROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


/D 


1067 


Eastern  EjipinE. 


10:8 


Emlocia,^ — 

Slie  inanit's 

Romauus  III.,  @ 

(DiiigeiiKs.)  lie  valiamly 
but  vainly  o|][)oses  Uie 
Tuiks — is  delfated  and 
taken  prisonfr  b/  Alp  Ars- 
lan,  Emir  ol  Om  all. 

— —Michael  VI',  ,^^g — 

(Parapiuacus). 


-Constaiiup,;   XII. 


Svria  an^l  Pali'^dae   pu  jjued 
'by  Mduk  Shah. 


England  &.  Scoi'laxd. 


Nicnphoriis,  ^§ 

(BoioniaiL's). 

o 

—  Alf.^iuM  I'^r^ (Coni- 

nciiii-).  Tin:  finipire  in- 
vaded by  RobiTt  (;ui<ranl. 
ihc,  Nnnnan.  who  deleats 
Ali:.xiu5  il  Diiiazzo. 


After  tliir  rnpniri-  of  Jorina 
l(tni.byihi'-l'.irkstlic(;iiri< 
liaii    pilL'riirH    ar<'    in-iilo-d 

ro!)l)i-f|  ;rlid  0|ipn--rd.  wlllid 

givi's  ri~i:  lo  ilii'  rrri-:adi'< 
— Grc-at  struL'::!''  bnwfri 
Chrisiiain;y  and  Mohainniu 
danism. 


lOCG.  —William    l.-W 

••  THE  CONat.'EUOR,"  lirstOl 

the  Survian  line. 


IOCS.  Edi;ar  Athelin-r,  heir  of 
the  Saxon  line,  takes  rel'u^e 
in  Scotland.  Ili.-J  .sister. 
MarL'aiet,  marries  Malcolm 
III.  " 

1070.  The  feudal  system  in- 
troduced by  the  kins.  All 
the  offices  of  the  government 
placed  in  the  hands  of  Nor- 
mans. The  Norman  laa- 
gua'-'o  introdn(;ed. 

.Malcolm  HI.  of  Sco'Jand, 
ravaL'es  Durham. 

1072.  Peace  between  the  Nor- 
mans and  the  Scots 


1076.  Robert,  the  kins'.?  son. 
raises  a  rebellion  in  Niir- 
mandy . 


The  \Voi!LD,  elsewhere. 


10o7.  Poland  :  —  Boleslas  H 
— he  conquers  Russia. 


1008.  Poland  :— Romaniis  Di« 

genes. 


1070.  Norway  :  —Bergen  Duill 


1074.  Syria  :  — Melek  Shah, 
(Ennr.)  extends  his  domin- 
ions IVom  ihe  Jaxartes  to  the 
Mediicrranean. 

1070.  Denmark  :— Harold  IV. 

Pidc-Jiine  invade(I  and 
subdued  by  Melek  Shah.— 
Jerusalem  taken. 


107 


Hungary:  —  Lailislas  I. 


1079.  Poland:— Stanislas,  bi- 
shop ol  Cracow,  nmrdered. 
The  kini:  excommunicated 
and  deihroneil. 

1070.  Poland  :— riadislas  I. 


1(F':!.     Ii.ily  :  —  Home     taken 

alier   a    -ie;:e   01   iwo   Years, 

l.v  Hemv  IV. 
1I)>1.    H()I11:MIA   erected  into 

a  kiii'-idoni  bv  the  enipere  ir 

llenrv  IV. 


liK7    William  invades  I'ra 
and  H  killed  at  .M.inles. 


10^7.   —  William    11.  ,Y^i  \ 
(Kuln<),  I 

Revolt    ol   the   Norman   "•■'"      Siedy     ro-iquered     by 
iiiil,!,,,^  ,      Riiu'er  (he   Norman,  after  a 

i      w.jr  of  ibirly  years  will   iU 
I  1     masters,  the  8<iracei)8. 


-je 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1093  A.D.- 


&.D.     Prooress  of  Sooietv,  etc. 


•  1096 


1099 


1100 


U18 


Ecclesiastical. 


France.  Gekmanv  it  Spain 


The    Crusades :— Peter,     the 
Chriateniiom. 


The    FIRST    CRUSADE;— 

out  with  a  vast  rahble,  300, 


Nathan  Ben  Jechiel,  learneJ 
Jew. 


Knights  of  St.  John  insti- 
tuted. 

Anna  Comne?ia,  dauiihter  ol 
Ale.xius  I.,  Eastern  emperor, 
hisiorian. 

William  itf  Poitou^  first  trou- 
badour. 


l^'Abelard.  French  schnlastic. 
Jeffrey  of  Monmoutli,    histo- 
rian. 


1093.  Conrad,  son  of  the  em 
,    peror,  rebels. 

The  popes  continue   to  struggle  against  tlie  empire. 

1094.  Spain:— Pedro  I.,    k. 
— ol'  Navarre  and  Arragon, 

Hermit,  preaches  against  the  Turks  in  all  the  ;cuntrie»  oi 

[The  Council  op  Clekmont. 

Peter     the     Hermit,  and  Walter,  the  Pennyless,  stt 
000  ol"  whom  perish  before  the  warriors  are  ready  to  start. 

The    chieftains  of    the  first  crusade  were, 

1.  G  od  frey    of    Bcaillor 
or  Boulogne. 

2.  Hugh  of  Vermandois. 

3.  R  0  b  e  r  t    of  Normandy 

4.  Robert  of  Flamlers. 

5.  Stephen  of  Chartrcs. 

6.  Raymond  of  Toulouse. 

7.  JJohemond. 

8.  T  a  n  c  r  e  d  . 
600,000  warriors,  100,000 

cavalry. 

1099.1'ope  Paschal  II. 


1104.  Spain  : — Alfonzo  I.,  king 
of  Navarre  and  Arragon. 

1106,  Ger.:— Henry  V.^ 
— maintains  the  right  of  in- 
vestiture. 


1103  Fr.:— Louis  V  I .  ,^ 
— I,e  Gros.  Abbe  Sugar, 
miuisier. 

1109.  Germany: — Henry  en- 
ters Italy,  takes  the  pope 
prisoner,  and  compels  him 
to  crown  him. 

1114.  Henry  V.  marries  Ma 
tilda,  of  England. 


The  Kntghts  Templars. 


U.2C   Tograi,  Ilairi,  and  Ahdatlnh 
Sharfaddin,  Arabian  poets. 

Scholastic  Philosophy/  attains 
its  highest  point  by  the 
wriiinzs  of  Pelej  Aheiard. 

Peter,  the  Lombard,  (mas'.er 
of  sentences). 


Ul?.  Pope  Gelasius  II. 
1119.      "      Calistus  II. 


1123.  First  Lateran,  or  ninth 
general  council. 

1124.  Honorius  II. 


Ills.  Spain: — A.'fcnso  I.  tap- 
tures  Saragossa. 


1100.    Rivalry  between   En^ 
land      and     France     com- 


1125.  Germany  :— Lot  hair* 

1 1 .  ^§ opposed  by  Fre- 

derir.   and  Conrad,  duke  o< 
Siiabia. 


II2t  A.D. 


A  CriROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


17 


Eastern  Empire. 


England  &  Scotland. 


Ortler.    learnin?,    nnj    com- 
merce revivu. 
I  By  the  courage  anj  lalent3  of 
ihe  Ciimiieiii.  tlie  empiiu  n 
,      (eared  or   ru>jH:cteii  by  the 
!     nations  of  Apia  and  Europe. 
1099|  Inva-^ion    by    ilie    cru?aders : 
great  nuntberr*  pass  through 
Constantinople. 


Battle  of  Dnrylajum.  whirh 
secures  the  nirnrh  of  the 
crusaders  tlirough  Asia  Mi- 
nor. 


11(M  Acre  taken  by  the  crusaders. 


n09,TrIpnlis  taken  by  crn<^aders. 


nil  :  Beryru''an!f-i.!on  taken  by  tht 
1      cm -aders 


1118   -_.T,,hn  I.  ^^ cCornne- 

nus;.a  iii'bb'  prince  :  rcf  ■rtns 
the  manri'-rs  u'  his  people. 


Tyre  taker,  by  the  crusaders. 


IC93.  Scotland:— Malcolm  III. 
invades  England,  and  is 
slain  near  Alnwick  Castle  by 
Koger  de  Jlowbray. 

1094.  Scot.  :— Donald  Bane, 
king. 

William  again  invades 
Nounandy. 

Sci'd. : — Duncan  usurp 
the  crown. 

William  quarrels  widi 
Anselm,  arclibishoj)  of  Can 
terbury. 


1098.    Sco!land:— Edgar   puts 
out   Donald's   eyes  and 
thrones  him. 


lliV).  William  II.  acridentallv 
shot  by  Sir  Walter  Tyrel.  ' 

—Henry    I  .  .f^  — 

(Beauclrrc.)  ffrants  the  Eng- 
lish a  charier,  and  marries 
Maud,  a  Sa.xon,  thus  uniting 
the  Norman  and  Saxon  in- 
(eresi.s. 
llol.  Robert,  duke  of  Nor- 
mandy, invades  England. 


1106.  Henry  invades  Norman- 
dy ;  takes  Roliert  prisoner 
at  the  battle  of  Tincliebrai. 

Scoiland:— Alrxiuiiler  I. 

1107.  Henry  quarrels  with  An- 
selm. 


The   WoiiLD,  elsewhere. 


1035.     Hungary: — Colomar. 


1090.  Ecrypt :  —  Mustali,  Oii 
eishih  Eatimite  caliph.  Ila 
takes  .I"rusalem. 

1097.  Baldwin  i'ounds  llw 
principality  of  Edessa. 


1099.  Jerusalem  taken  by  the 
crusaders,  under  Godfrey 
who  is  elected  king. 


1103.  Poland  :— Boleslas  III 


1105.    Denmark:  — Nicholas 

IIOG.  Italy: — Venice.  Cenoa, 
and  Pisa  greatly  enriched 
by  llie  crusades. 


109.  Norway  :—Si'r;urd's  ex 
pedition  to  P.ilestliiB. 


1117.  Persia  :— Sanjar  suhiluM 
Klinra-^an  and  Samarkand. 

1119.   War  bi:tweeu   I'isa  and 


iir->0.   Shipwreck  and  dea-h  of  11:^11.     I'aly:  — I!i«ft     of    tht 

i      Prior.:  Willi.am  and  llono-l      liouse  nl  (;r..-l|.li. 


1I:M    Iri'-'orrertion  in  Norman- 
'      dy  suppre-^-^ed. 
1  Sroiianii:  -Davi.ll.pro- 

I     motes  civilization. 


78 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1 126  A.D.- 


Proorbss  op  Society,  etc. 


1137 


1140 


Aristotle's    logic    comes   intc 
repute. 


Pandects  of  the  Roman  law. 
(Justinian,)  discovered  at 
Amain,  and  the  study  of  the 
civil  law  revived. 


Gratian  collects  the  canon  law, 

William  of  Malmsburt/,  Enz 
lish  historian. 

Vararius  teaches  civil  law  at 
Oxford. 

Olho,  bishop  of  Friesensen, 
historian,  introduces  the'pe 
ripatetic  philosophy  into 
Germany. 

Benjamin  of  Tudela.  a  Jew, 
travels  from  S|)ain  to  India 
by  Constantinople,  and  re- 
turns through  Egypt. 


The   magnetic  needle  known 

in  Italy. 
Suidas.  lexicoirrapber. 
Eben  Ezra,  of  Toledo,  Jewish 

historian. 


Arnold,  of  Brescia,  condemn- 
ed and  burnt. 

Enstathius.  co-rmentator  on 
Homer  ami  Oionysius  Per. 


Bank  of  Vinire  established. — 
Fairs  at  Lcipsic. 

London  cintains  40,000  inha- 
bitants 


Ecclesiastical. 


1127.  — makes  war  against 
Roger,  king  of  Sicily. 

U3J.  Innocent  II.  and  Anacle 
tus,  rival  popes. 


1137.  A  pretended  Messiah  in 

France. 
1133.  — another  in  Persia. 


11.39.  Second  Lateran,  or  tenth 
general  council. 


France,  Germany  &Spaw. 


Poem  of  the  Cid. 


Colleics  :f  theolosy,  philoso- 
phy and  law  at  Paris. 

English  commerce  confined  to 
the  exportation  of  wool. — A 
wooUer.  manufactory  esia- 
blisheil  at  Wm-sted.  and  soon 
a!ter  at  Norwich. 


126.    Spain- — Alfonzo  vn., 
king,  Leon  and  Castile. 


1131.  Spain  :— Garcia  IV.,  king 
of  Navarre. 

Ilamiro  II.,  king  of  Arra- 
son. 
113.').   Lothaire  in   Italy — cap- 
ture of  Anialli. 

1137.  Fr.  :— Louia  VII. ^ 

— (le  Jeune). 
1 133.     Germany :  —  II  o  t  s  e 

of    S  u  a  b  i  a ; 

"-^Conrad    I.^ 

1139.  Portugal  becomes  a  king- 
dom.— Henry  of  Besarxon, 
king. 
lUl.  Germany  and  Italy.— 
Dissensions  of  the  G  u  e  -  fa 
and   G  hi  be  lines. 


1143.  Pope  Celestin  II. 

1144.  "      Lucius  II. 
U45.      "     Eugenius  III. 

mf^TheSecond  Cru  sade  excited  by  St.  Bernard, 
antl  joined  by  the  emperor  Conrad  and  his  nephew  Fre- 
deric  Barbarossa,  and   Louis  VII.  of  France. 

1149.  France: — Louis  divorcea 

/,-^iis  queen.  Eleanor,  who 
marries  Henry  of  Anjou,  af- 
terwards king  of  England ; 
thus  Guienne  and  Poitou  are 
lost  to  France. 

ll.")0.  Spain  :— Sancho  V.,  king 
ol  Navarre. 

115--J.    Germany   and  Italy: — 

Frederic    I.,  ^^ 

(Barbarossa). 


1 153.  Pope  .Anastasius  IV. 
1  i,">4.  Pope  Adrian  IV.  (an  Ens; 

lisliman,   Nicholas    Breaks. 

peare). 


1159.  Pope  Alexander  III. 
Victor  IV..  antipope. 

1160.  Order  of  the  Carmelites 
instituted. 

p-^  The  Waldenses  and 
Albigenses  beizin  to  ap- 
peal* 

11G4.  Pascal  III.,  antipope. 


11G7.  Rome  taken  bv  Frederic  Babarossa. 


ll."7.  Spain:  —  Castile  and 
Leon  diviiled  under  Ferdi- 
nanil  II  and  Sancho  II. 

ll.')S.  Germ.iny: — The  empe- 
ror Frederic  receives  the 
title  of  king  of  Bohemia  a*. 
the  diet  ofKalisbon: — co'i- 
(juers  Poland,  and  makes  i( 
tributary. 


1162  Frederic  destroys  Ml!»E- 
Spain  :  —  Alfonxc      Ilr. 
king  of  Arragon. 


U6S.    ■^alistus  III.,  antipopa. 


i'lyyi^ 


II68  A.D. 


A  CIIROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


79 


Eastern  E.mpire. 


England   <fc  Scoiland. 


1143 


1155 
1156 


-Manuel  Corr.mer.u3.  vE9- 


Edessa  bein;;  retaken  by   the 
Turks,    gives    rise     to    tli 
second  crusade. 

The  Normans,  undrr  Rotrer, 
arrive  before  diii'-'inmino 
pie  ;  are  repulsed  b>  .Manuel 


The    Greeks    reduce    Apulia 
anil  Calabria. 

Manuel   fonns   the   desiL'n   of 
conqueriiiiT     Italy    and    ih 
■Fee'tn-.  empire,  hut  fail  -. 


Kelso,  Melrose,  and  Iloly- 
rood  house  founded. 
1127.      .Matilda,     the      king's 
daughter,  marries  Geoirrey 
Plantatreuet. 


113,".  Stephen®— 

of  Blois. 

1136.  Matilda  asserts  her  right 
to  the  throne ; 

David,  king  of  Scotland 
assists  her. 

113S.  —is  defeated  in  the  "bat- 
tle of  the  Standard." 


1141.  Stephen  made  prisoner 
at  the  battle  of  Lincoln. 


Civil  war:  Stejihen  and 
Matilda. 


1140.    Henry    Plantagenet   in- 
vades England. 


The  World,  elsewhets. 


1130.  Sweden  t—Ragwald  I 
1133        '•  Masntis  I, 


1139.  PORTUGAL  becomes  a 

kingdom, under  Alfonso  L^g 

Sweden  ; — Suercher  XL 


1117.     Russia:  —  the  city   ol 
Moscow  founded. 


ll'iO.    Denmark  :— The  coasw 

iiifcsJeil  wiih  pirates. 
ll.")0.  Sweden: -Eric  X 


ll."7.  Denmark:  Waldemar  1. 


1  l."i=!.  Venire  a  gre»;  maritime 
jiower. 


11:'4.   —Henry    II. 
(Plantagenet). 


!l.">-i-  Timnins  n  Tirrhft  ititro 
(lured  to  the  kinir's  noiiei^  bv 
'l'hr'..l)o!d.  arcbbi-hop  (it 
(.)an'rrl)urv — brcnmes  ch.an- 
cellor  and'jirei-fptor  of  the 
[iriiire. 

11.")'.).  lifcket  sent  as  ambassa- 
dor 10  I'-r.ance. 


11(7.'.  —made    arrbbi'=hop     nf'lir,2    Sweden  ;-Charle«  VIl. 
Canterbury  —  o|i|ui.~es     ihej 
kuiL'. 
lli')l.  -  ri'^i'^is  ih>'  ron^'itnlions 
of      Clarend.in  —  ■  llies      v. I 
Fi-atinv  j 

j  lir.i;.  Si-"iland  :--VVilli.-iin        ;  u 

I  !  ill'-      Italy  :-T.en?ue    of  th« 

'      l':ili:in     ciiir--    to    preserrf 
'      thi-Ii   libi-rlles. 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1 170  A.D. 


A.D.     Pkoqress  OF  Society,  etc. 


1175 
'1177 


1139 
1190 


Ecclesiastical. 


Foundation  of    the    military 
order  of  Santiago. 

Circuit  Judges  appointed    in 
England. 

117S.  /?iwocc7ii  III.,  antipope. 

The  pope  Alexander,  by  a  special  act,  relieves  the  clergy 
of  Berkshire  from  keeping  the  archdeacon's  dogs  and  hawks 
during  his  visitation. 

The  Waldenses  spread  over  the  valley  of  Piedmont.  They 
circulated  the  Sacred  Scrip  tures.  They  were  the  fore- 
runners of  Protestantism.  Con  demned  by  the  Eleventh  Gene- 
ral Council,  and  severely  per  secuted. 

U79.  Third  Lateran,  or  Ele- 
venth General  Council. 
Robert  Wace,  first  French 
poet.  Translation  of  his 
ilist.  des  Rots  d'Aiigleleire, 
by  Layamon,  the  first  Eng- 
lish composition. 


John  Tzetes,  Greek  gramma- 
rian. 

Maimonides,  of  Cordova,  one 
of  the  most  learned  of  the 
Jews. 

Henry,  of  Huntington,  and 
William,  of  Newbury,  his- 
torians. 

Rainulph  de  Glanville  makes 
a  digestof  laws  and  customs 
of  England. 


Dreadful  massacre  of  the  Jews 
at  the  coronation  of  Richard 
I. 

Teutonic  order  instituted. 

Boahoddi  Ibu  Shadad,  author 
of  a  J>ife  of  Saladin,  in  Ara- 
bic. 


The  Jews  become  the  princi- 
pal bankers  of  the  world. 

Order  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in- 
stituted in  Gerinany. 


IISI.  Pope  Lucius  III. 


1185.  Pope  Urban  III. 


1187.  Pope  Gregory  VIII. 
1187.        '•     Clement  III. 


m. 


France,  Gekmany,  &  Spaim. 


1170.  France  :— The  Walden. 
ses.  They  derived  theii 
name  from  Peter  Waldo,  i 
merchant  of  Lyons. 


1 171.  Frederick's  fourth  exp« 
dition  into  Italy. 


1176.  Frederick  defeated  H  ♦■hi 

battle  of  Legnano. 


1178.  Henry,  the  Lion,  duk* 
of  Saxony,  deposed,  ani) 
Saxony  divided. 


1180.  Fr.:— Philip  II., 1 

(Auguste). 


118.3.  The  Peace  of  Const anct 
re-establishes  the  independ- 
ence of  Italian  republics. 


IISS.    Spain:  — 
king  of  Leon. 


1190.  Third  C  r  u  s  a  d  e  led  by  Philip  Augustus,  of 
France,  and  Richard,  of  Eng  land,  apd  Frederick  Barba- 
rossa. 

llQO.Ger.:— Henry  VI.W 
emperor  and  king  o""  Italj 
and  the  Sicilies. 


1191.  Pope  Celestine  III. 


gap 


1198.  Pope  Innocent  III. 


1196.  Richard  Cosur  de  Lioo 
seizeil  and  retained  in  cap 
livity. 

1198.  Philip,  of  Suabia,  and 
Oiho,  of  Saxony,  dispute  the 
crown;  the  former  sup- 
ported by  the  Ghibelines, 
and  the  latter  by  the  Guelfa, 


I  198  A.l) 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RLCORD. 


Eastkun  Empirk. 


Alexius  II.' 


Andronicus  I. 


(Ari2ulus). 


Th":   pmpirf!   invaded  by     thf; 
Htil''an;u)S. 


i  Illinium  t;ik-cn  by  I'rpiliTJrk- 
Hiirliani-^a,  bu'"  alierwanls 
re^t'irc  I. 


Alexlu-i  Ancri'lii",^-;?- 

usurper  atid  tyraul 


England  &  Scotland. 


1170.  Becket  returns  10  Eno 
land,  and  is  imirdered  at  ;h 
altar. 

1172.  Henry  conquer 
Ireland. 


117-1.  Treaty  of  Falaise.  in 
which  William  airrees  to  di: 
homage  tor  Scotland. 

Henry   makes  a  pilffri- 
mage  to  the  shrine  ol'Hecke  . 


The  Woin.D,  elsewhere. 


1139.— Richard  l.^^!  - 
((,'i£ijr  lie  I, inn).  He 
I'.-iL'c.-^  ill  till'  third  cru>a 


1171.    Eg-ypt:— Saladin,  pul 
tan. 

— Ue  extends  his  dnmi- 
nions  in  Egypt,  and  con- 
quers Syria.  Assyria,  Meso 
polamia,  and  Arabia. 

117-J.  Poland  :— Miecislaus  III 

1175.  Portugal— a  fief  of  th? 
Holy  See. 


117S.  Poland  :--Casimir,  (th« 
Just 


1182.  Denmark :— Canute. 

1183.  Saladin  lakes  Alepixi. 
and  ikposes  the  sultan  oi 
Mosul. 


118.").  PortuL'al :— Snncho  I. 
113(5.    SalaiUn  direuis  all    his 
efforts  against  the  crusaders. 


1187.  — 2ains  the  victory  o 
Tiberias,  and  takes  Jerusa- 
lem, which  leads  to 

11!K).  The  thiid  cru.sade. 


1101.    Kingdom    of     Cvpnn 

li.iindiul.' 
\\'.i\.  .Acre  taken  by  tha  cru 


ll'.i:i.  Milliard  ili-fi>ats  Sal.idii.   in  the.  battle  of  Ascalon;   but, 
aliaiidniii-d   by   Ins   assnoiali  s,   cnrii'loiles    a   truce    of     ihrea 


ir.i.'!.  John  attempts  tr 
till-  rrnwn  in  the  ab«i 
Rich.ird. 


1  l!<:i   Saladin  dies. 


82 


THE    world's    progress.  II99A.I).- 


A.J>.     Progress  of  SociETi',  cic.  Dgclesiastical.  Fuanxe.  Germany  &  Spaik 


The  power  of  the  pope  supre  me — Rome   mistress    of  the  world,  and  kinge  !?er  taaaals 


1200 


1206 


raw 


The  University    of    Bologna 
contains  10.000  students. 


Ville  Hardouin.  historian. 
Saxo  Grammaticus,\\\i\.or\an. 


University  of  Paris  founded. 


The  order  of  Franciscan  fri  ars  instituted. 


1200.  The  pope  excommunica  tes  Philip  of  France. 

1202.  The   fourth  crusade  by  the    French,    Germans,    uid 

Venetians  under  the  Marquis  of    .Monserrat.       They     C£.ke 
Constantinople. 


1204.  The  Inquisition  in  Fian  ce. 


The  works  of  Aristotle,  im- 
ported from  Ci)ns'.an;in'>p!e, 
condemned  by  the  council 
of  Paris. 


Period  of  the  Troubadours  in 
France ;  tlie  Minstrels  in 
England;  and  the  Minne- 
singers in  Germany. 


1^2t   Universilyof  Padua  founded. 


Stephen  Lan^lon.  archbishop 
■oi  Cdnierbiiry. 


Bitter  persecution  of  the 
Albiiren.~e3. 


The  doctrine  of  transub- 
staniiiiiion  and  auricular 
confession  established. 


I2I0.  Fourth  Lateran.  and 
twelfth  General  Council 
against  the  Albigenses,  and 
ail  heretics. 

121(3.   I'lipe  Honorius  III. 

1217.  The  fifth  crusade  by 
Andrew  II.,  king  of  Hun- 
gary. 


1227.  Pope  Gregory  IX. 


1229.  The   Inquisition  at  Tou- 
lou-^e. 

The   Script uroi  forbid 
den  to  all  layrn':n. 


Xormandy  reunited   to 
France. 


1210.  Germany  :— Otlio  placei 
under  the  ban  of  the  pope. 


1212. — Frederickll.^ 


Spain:— The  Christians 
gain  the  battle  of  Navas  de 
Tolosa. 


1215.  Otho  loses  the  battle  of 
Bovines. 


1217.  Spam-— Ferdir and, king 
of  Casiiie. 


l-2-2;i.  Fr.  :  Louis  VUl.^ 

(.Th.e  I.ion). 

Crusade  again-t  ib.e  A! 
bigenses. 

l-2-2(fr'Fr.  :  Lour  s   /X     ^ 

(Saint). 

1227.  Gerni:tny: — Crusade   ol 
i^he  emperor  after  being  ex 

cmnmnnicated. 
12o0.  Spain:  —  Castile  and 
i^Leon  united  hv  Ferdinand 
III  .  wIm  tal-es  Cordova  Se- 
ville. <  aaiz,  fcc.  from  th« 
Moors. 


12- 


A.D. 


A  CIIROXOLCXnCAL  RECORD. 


83 


Eastern  Empire. 


Alexius    IV.  ^ 

The  crusaders    plunder  Con- 

etaniiri'iijle. 
Balilwir],  count  of  Flanders. 

Henry   II.  ^g 


England  «t  Scotland. 


Richarii.  returninsr  home 
in  disguise,  thnmgh  Ger- 
many, i.s  imprisoned.  Is 
ransomed  by  his  sulyects  for 
10,000  marks. 

— declares  war   against 
France. 
1199.  Ricliard  c'ies. 


1200. John,  ' 

(Lackland.) 


1201.  Prince  Arthur  supported 
by  France. 


1207.  The  kingdom  laid  under 
an  interdict. 

1208.  John  e.xcommunicated. 
I/iiidiin  obtains  ihe  right 

to  elect  iis  own  Lord  Mayor. 


1213.  The  pope  declares  John 
a  usur[)er.  Johnsulimiis  to 
hold  his  crown  as  a  vassal  ol 
the  pope. 

121-1.  Scotland: — Alexander II. 


M'1215-  M.-igna  Charta  signed  ; 

|{unuyirjL-(le. 


Robert  ^- 


tSlO.— Henry   1 11.^ 

(llh  I'!:uua'_'(:ni-t  ) 

l-iarl  of  Pembroke,  pro- 
lector. 


122-1.  Henry's  province  ol 
I'oitou  seized  by  the  king  of 
France. 


The   World,  elsewhere. 


1202.  Denmark  : — W.,!  'crr-.r.r 
II. 

Poland  :  —  Lesco,  (the 
white). 

Livonia  : — Institution  ol 
the  order  of  short  swords  to 
conquer  the  Prussians. 


1206.     Genghis      Khan 
subdues  the  north  of  China 


1210.  Italy  :— First  war  of  Ve- 
nice ami  Genoa. 


1213.  Russia:— Jurje  H. 


1214.  Frederick  cedes  to  Den- 
mark all  the  provinces  be- 
yond the  Elbe  and  Eiser. 


1210.    Tariary  :— Overrun   by 

Ihe  li(irdis(.f(;eriL'bisKhan. 
1217.   iNorway  :— Haco  V. 


12i2.  Two  Greek  kingdoms  in 
A.ia.  Nii-c  and  Trelii/.ond. 
John  Uiicas,  emperor  o( 

llnuL'ary  :  —  Charter  ol 
Anilr(;W  II.  Foundation  o( 
the  national  liberty. 


— John  of  l!rifnrio,9^ j 

Icitii:  of  Jeni  .1!. -in.  and   cni- !  1229.  Fir'-t  expi-djiion  of  Henry  :  1:,':;)   fiiilv  :— War  of  iho  Lom- 
peripr.  i      int..  l-'ninc.-  fir  ilie  recovi-rv        |i,,|,|  ,-iucs  wiih  Frederick  ol 

I      ol   hl^  e^iales.  1      (;,-ini;uiy. 


-Baldwin  II. 


!-■!,    Fir-^i    dj~-i- 
a  Newcastle. 


>r  coal    \-S)i;.     Dreadful     invasior 
j      l-iurope  by  the  Mongi>fi. 
dxr  Balu  Khan. 


84 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


12^8  A.D. 


PrOOKESS   op  SOCUiTY,  etc. 


Robert,  of  Gto)f:(bter,  ihe  firsi 
CiiglisU  writer  in  rliyiiie. 


1247 


1260 


1261 


U     1261 


First  war  fleet  m  Spain  at  the 
conquest  ol'  Seville. 

Foundation  of  tlie  Alhambra 
near  Granada. 

St.  Edmund,  of  Canterbury, 
dies. 

Tlie  University  of  Salaman- 
ca Ibunded. 


Silk  manufactory  in  Liicca ; 
woollen  ui  Mi.an  and  Tus- 
cany. 

Peter,  of  Albano,  astrologer, 
pliysician,  and  naturalist. 

Rabruquis  traveU  among  tlie 
Mongols. 


Private  war  and  judicial  com- 
bats suppressed  in  France 
by  the  laws  of  St.  Louis. 


Parliament  in  Ensland. 


The  monastic  orders,  by  tiieir 
treallh,  rigid  discipline, 
and  popular  infuence,  be- 
come ifcicerful  aids  to  poti- 
tificcd  avibition. 


ECCLESIA.STICAL. 


1211.   Pope  Celestine  IV. 


1213.  Pope  Innocent  IV. 

Continual  strujirles  with 
the  emperor  Frederic. 

Sect  of  the  Flagellarita. 


I'251.  Pope  Alexander  IV. 

The  Jews  every  where 
persecuted. 


1261.  Pope  Urban  IV. 

The  popes  claim  the 
right  of  presenting  to  every 
l)L'aence  in  the  world. 


France,  Germany  &Spaim. 


1233.     Germany  :  —  Frederic 
again  excommunicated. 


1213.    The     Han  sea  tic 

1  e  a  g  u  e — the  chief  towns 
are  Lubec,  Cologne,  Bruns- 
wick, and  Dantzic. 

121G.  Henry  of  Thuringia  set 
up  lor  emperor  by  the  pope^ 
tmd 

1217.  William,  of  Holland. 

1248.  France  : — Louis  sets  out 
on  the  seventh  crusade. 


12.30.  Germany: — 

Conrad  IV. ^ff  — 

1252.    Spain:  —  Alfonso   X. 
king  of  Castile  and  Leon. 


12G1.  France :— Burgundy  feJJj 

to  the  crown. 


126,').  The  pope  succeeds  in  his  long  strussle  for  the  do- 
minion of  Italy,  and  places  Charles'of  Anjou  on  the  throB* 
of  Naples. 

1265.  Pope  Clement  IV. 

1266.  Henry    of    Castile,    a  Roman   senator 

1 1263.  Pragmatit;  sanction— 
foumlation  of  the  liberties  M 
the  Galilean  church. 


1208.  No  pnpe  for  about  three 
years. 

1271.  Pope  Gregory  X. 


1270.  France  :— Louis  IX.  set« 

out  on  the  eighth  and  last 
crusade,  and  dies  befor* 
Tunis — succeeded  by 

— Philip  1 11.^ — 
(The  Hardy). 


12/1  A.D. 


A  CHROXOLOCICAL  RIXORD. 


AD.  Eastern  Kmpire. 


England   &  Scotland.  The  World,  elsewhere. 


1200 
1:^1 


— Michael  Palaeologus.^^ 
— recovers  Constantinople. 


I  The  Morigoia  in  Aeia  Minor. 


12-40.  Richard,  earl  of  Corn- 
wall, heails  ilie  sixih  cru- 
sade, and  redeems  Jerusa- 
lem. 


1242.  Second  e.xpedition  into 
France — defeated  and  com- 
pelled to  make  peace. 


124G.  Henry  marries  Eleanor, 
of  Provence. 


12-19.  Scot.  :  Alexander  L  I. 

— Repulses  Haco,  kins 
of  Norway  —  ob[ains  the 
Scottish  Isles. 


1241.  Denmark :— Eric  VI 


12rj8.    Fainou.'  parliament   a 

Oxford. S  i  m  on     d 

M  o  n  t  f  0  r  t . 

12o9.  Peace  with  France. 


I^12l')ri.  i-Vr.s'^  rei;u!ar  ptirlia- 
j/ie7tt. — Civi!  war — llie  kum 
made  irisoner  at  I.twes-is 
rcl(;a--eil,  arnl  trains  the  bat- 
tle of  Evesham. 


I 

iThe  Mongols  tiko  Antioch. 


1270.   I'rince  Edwan!  join.H  ihi 
i-iL'hlli  crus.ade. 


1249.  The  Hanse  towns  cap 
tiire  Copenhagen. 

liiX).  Esypt ;— The  Mame- 
lukes rule — take  Damas- 
CUB  and  Aleppo. 


r2,"i,").  Nice  :— Theodore  Lasca- 
rrsj  emi)eror. 

12."G.  Ilulakii  enter?  Per.<!ia, 
becomes  sidtan— takes  Bag- 
dad, and  puts  an  end  to 
the     c  a  1  i  (1  h  a  t  e  . 

li")>.  Italy  :— Drcadlul  naval 
war  between  Venice  and 
V-eivn. 

12o<.).  China:— Kublai  Khar 
builds  I'ekiu,  and  makes  it 
his  capital. 


1201.  Norway  :— Iceland   eub 
jected. 

Italy  :— Charles  I. 

1202.  — becomes  a  papal  fief. 
Greenland   tribu'.aiy   to 

Norw.iy. 

Norway  : 

MaL'nus  11.^ 

1203.  Abaka  Khan  of  Persia. 


12GG  Mnsrnup,  jf  Norway, 
cedes  to  S<-ot)«n(l  the  ![• 
brides  and  the  Islo  crf  Man. 


1270.    Muiiijai-y  :- 


Stephen  V  ^g 


86 


THE    world's    rROt;KESS.  1272  A.D. 


A.D.     Prookess  OP  Society,  etc.  Ecclesiastical.  France,  Germany,  &  Spam 


1273 


1276 


1279 


1285 


Marco    Polo    travels     in    the 
Ea-st  as  lar  as  i'ekin. 


Fii'si  patent  of  nuhUity  graiit- 
eil  to  his  sriiLlsmuli  by  ilie 
kiitf?  of  FraiK^o.  This  was 
desjcneil  as  an  attack  upon 
the  feudal  barons,  and  all 
the  landed  and  hereditary 
aristocracy. 


Literature  and  science  flourish 
in  Spain,  under  Alfonzo,  the 
learned. 


Chivalry  and  the  tournaments 
introduced  into  Sweden. 


University  of  Lisbon  founded. 


Roger  Bacon,  of  Oxford,  the 
most  learned  man  of  the 
middle  ages. 


Institution  of  the  three   great 
courts  of  law  in  England. 


y 


1'272.  Languedoc   falls  to    tfa« 
crown. 


1273.  Ger.  :— R  o  d  o  1  p  h .® 

founds     the     house     o  1 
Hapsburg. 


1274.    I4th    General    Council  ai    Lyons;    first    re  unioB    at 
the     Eastern     and     Western  Churches. 


1276.  Pope  Innocent  V.,  4  mos. 
'•    Adrian  V.,  1  mo. 
"    John  XXI.,  8  mos. 


1277.  Nicholas  III.,  enriching 
his  family  at  the  expense  of 
the  church — he  introduces 
Nepotism. 


1281.  Pope  Martin  IV. 


12S3.  Pope  Ilonorius  IV. 


12S8.  Pope  Nicholas  IV. 

Nicholas  IV.  patronizes  civil  and  religious   literature,  ana 
improves     and     embellishes  Rome. 


Albert,  the  mathematician,  and 
Prcvenjal  poet. 


127C    France  at  war  with  Ci 
tile. 


2S3.  Germany.  —  Rodolph 
makes  his  son,  Albert, 
duke  of  .Austria. 


1285.  Fr.:— Philip  IV. 
(the  Fair.) 


1286.  Spain  :— Alfonio  in 
king  of  Arragon. 


1290  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


Sr 


Easteus  Empire. 


Anihoiiicjs,  ' 

(the  Elder.) 


Union  wiih  the  Latin  church. 


England  &  Scotland. 


1272. —  Edward    I. 


:277 


Persecution  of  the  Greeks. 


Othman  esiabli.'hes  an  inde- 
pendent rule,  us  chief  oi 
4(»  raniilies,  in  the  north  of 
As'a  Minor. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1272.  Hungary  :- 


-Vladislas  VI,' 


1276.   War  between  England 
and  Wales. 


12-i3.  Eilward  has  a  son  born 
at  Caernarvon,  from  which 
tiie  title.  Prince  of  Wales, 
ileseciid.s  to  the  eldest  son  of 
the  king. 

Scotland  :— Robert  Brucp  ami 
John  Balliol  contend  fw.  the 
crown. 


12S0.  Last  payment  of  U  lb  :te 
to  the  pope. 


1276.    Sweden  :  —  Magnus    L 


Hussia: — Ilanseatic  set- 
tlement at  Novogorod. 

1279.  China  :-Kublia  Khan 
subdues  the  southern  king- 
dom, and  becomes  the  Great 
Khan. 

China  visited  by  Marco 
Polo.  « 

1279.  Poland  :— Lesco  II.@  — 
<> 

1279.  Portusal :— l)ennis.^i§ 
the  father  of  his  coun- 
try. 

1230.  Norway  :— EricII.^§  — 


1282.  Sicili an  vespers. 
1282.    Denmark  : — Parhamenl 
at  Wunembiuii. 
First  Ilandveste. 


12Se.  Denmark :— Eric  VI.' 


12S0.     Tho    Mongols     invade 

Hungary  and  Poland. 
1290.  lluoL'ary  :  —Andrew  III 

the  Vciirii.ui. 

I'dl.iihl  : Wcncpslas, 

kiriL'  id  Holirrriia.  lakes  Cra- 
cow, and  I),  conies  duke  o 
Leaser  Poland. 


88 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


I  291  A.l: 


Progress  op  Sociktv,  etc. 


Peter,  of  Albinio,  astrologer, 
physician,  auil  iiatumliol. 


John   Hulyicood.  of  England 
astronomer. 


RicharJ  Middletoii. 


Cimabiie,  :he  first  of  modern 
painters  at  Florence. 


Arnolf  di  Lapo,  the  father  of 
modern  Italian  architecture. 


T  h  e  Inf !  iience  of  the 
crusades   was  great 

e  X  p  a  n  d  i  n  g     the 

m  i 71  d  of  K  ur  0 p e — r e - 
fining  the  general 
mamier  s  —  exciting 
a  sp  i r i t  of  geogra- 
phical research  and 
adv  en  tur  e — a  nd  pr  o- 
m ot  ing  i m p  rove  in  ent 
in  the  arts  and  s  c  i- 
eiices  —  thus     u  nd  e  r 

First  letters  of  marque  irani- 
ed  by  Edward  111.  u-anist 
the  l'onu:iuesB. 


Ecclesiastical. 


129:2.  Celestine  V.— he  abdi- 
cates. 

121)2.  The  papal  chair  vacant 

two  years  and  three  months. 

Institution  of  the   order 

of  the  Celeslines. 


1294,  Pope  Boniface  VIII. 


1296.  Strusgles  with  France. 


1297.    Canonization  of   Louis 
IX. 


tn  ining  instead  of 
s  t  r  e  n  g  t  h  e  n  i  71  g  t  h  e 
p  oie  er  ofp ap  al  Ilo  in  e 
l> y  adva7ic  i ?t  "■  I  ib e 
r a  I  ideas  a n a  fr e e 
d 0 m    of  thought . 


France.  Germany  A;  Spain 


1291.  Germany  : 

—  A  d  u  1  p  h  u  s  ,1 

of  Na.ssau. 


Spain  :—• James  II.  k.  of 

Arragon. 


1295.  Spain  :  -  Ferdinand  IV. 
in  Castile  ai  d  Leon. 


Philip   successfully    in- 
vades Flanders. 


1293.  Germany  :  —  Adolphua 
deposed  by  a  Diet,  which 
elects 

—  Albert  I.W — 
son  of  Kodo  |)h. — Adolphm 
slain  in  the  struggle  which 
cr.suts. 


1299  -^-i^- 


A  ClIROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


89 


Eastern  Empiub. 


Capture  of  Acre  by  ilie  Ma- 
melukes—eml  01' the  king- 
dum  01'  Jerusalem. 

The  Mcint-'ols  (h-ive  the  last 
sultan  ol"  Icouium  I'rom  liis 
throne. 


The  Genoese  obtain  the  trade 
of  the  Hlack  Sea,  and  rise  to 
•jreat  power 


Othman  mvailes  Nicnniedia, 
and  establishes  the  Ottomtin 
empire. 


England  &  Scotland. 


1201.  Edward  decides  the 
Scottish  dispute  in  favor  of 
Ualiol. 

1292.  A  piratical  warfare  be- 
tween England  and  France. 
— Philip  gets  possession  ol' 
Guienne. 


The   World,  elsewhere. 


1292.  Hungary: — The  pope 
sets  uj)"  Charles  Martel, 
crown  prince  of  Naples,  m 
king. 


1294.   China:  — '!' 


ir  Khan. 


1295.    Poland; 


1296.      lialiiol  defeated  ;  sub- 
mits  to  ICdward. 


1297.  Scotland  :— S  i  r  Wil- 
liam Wallace  . — S  i  r 
William  Douglas, 
Robert  Bruce,  ar>d 
other  chiefs  head  a  rebellion 
against  the  English. 


1299.  — they   are   defeated    a 
Falkirk  by  king  Eilward  I, 


— Premislas   II.' 


1296.  Polai,d  :--Les3  11.' 


1299.  Foundation  of  tha 
OTTOMAN  or  TURKISH 
K.Ml'lRE  111  Bythmia,  u» 
der  Othman  I. 


90 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1300  A.D.- 


PllOGKESS    OF   SOCIETV,  etc. 


Ecclesiastical. 


1303 


I30u 


13W 


1310 
131] 


L'.iiversily  at  Lyon?:  founded. 
—  Ilapiil  advances  in  civili- 
zation.— llevival-  of  ancient 
leai'uinij. — Ini|jnivements  in 
the  ans  and  sciences — and 
progres.-i  ul'  lil)erty. 

The  .Mariner's  Com- 
pass invented  at  Naples, 
!iy  Gidia.  native  0!'  Amalli 

University  at  Avignon. 

/>«/»/  e  ,  ilie  lather  ol'  modern 
Italian  poetry,  flourishes 

Amid  the  struggle.s  of  the 
Gtielfs  and  (ihibelines, 
Italy  beeome-s  the  cradle  of 
modern  literature  and  im 
proving  civilization. 

University  at  Orleans. 


University  at  Perugia. 


University  at  Coimbm. 


Knights  of  St.  John  at 
lihodes. 

Ord»r  of  Knislits  Templar 
aboli.shed. — The  barons  in 
England  extort  from  Ed- 
ward II.  a  reformation  of 
abuses.  Parliainents  are  to 
be  held  every  year,  and  to 
appoint  to  all  imfcrtant 
offices. 


1303.  Pope  Boniface  VIII. 
Council  of  Paris. 
Bull  unam  sanctum. 
Pope  Benedict  XI. 
Vacancy   in  the     papal 
chair  nearly  eleven  months. 
/      — The  papal  power  de 


dines. 
1305.  Pope  Clement  V. 


ty 


FtiANCE,  German y,  Ac  Spain 


1302.  First  convocation  of  tht 
State.s-general  in  France. 

Guienne  restored  to  Eng- 
land. 


1304.    France    at    war    with 
Flanders. 

Germany:— The  Swiss 
towns  rise  into  importance 
— oppressed  by  the  House  o( 
Ilapsburg. 


Seat  of  the  popes  transferred    to    Avig- 
non. 
130C.  Persecution  of  the  Jews 
in  France. 

Germany  •  —  R  u  d  0  1  1 

of  Austria- ^^ . 

1307.      Persecution     of      the 
Kniiihts  Temp'ar. 

Ger. :  —  William    Tell 
shoots  Gesler. 

1303.   Germany : H  e  n  r  y 

of  Luxemburg. ^^ 

General  insurrection  in 
Switzerland. 
1309.  Spain:  — Ferdinand  IV 
takes  Gibraltar. 


1311.  General  Council  at  Vien- 
na. 

Another  vacancy  in  the 
papal  chair  of  more  than 
two  years. 


1311.  Lyons  united  to  France. 

1312.  Spain :— Alfonzo  XL 
of  Castile  and  Leon. 

1314.  Fr.  :— Lcuis  X.^- 
(Ilutin.) 

Ger.  : — Louis  of  Bava- 
ria, and  Frederick  of  Aus 
tria.  Contend  for  the  crown. 

131.").  Fr  :— Edict   for  the  en- 
fraiichisement  of  slaves. 

Battle  ol'.Morsa:ten--th£ 
.Atistrians  defeated  by  th* 
Swiss. 


1316.  Pope  .lohn  XXIL  I31G.  Fr.  :-P  h  i  1  i  p  V.  W_ 

Taxes  imposeii  upon  all  j     (the  Lontr.)    Hesucceeisbj 
the  countries  of  Europe,  to       virtue  of  tlie   Sajiqu*  .aw 
enrich   the   treasury  0/   ih-:  '     now  first  established, 
church.  I 


I319  A.D.  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  Rl-.CORD. 


91 


1303 


Eastern  Empire. 


War  of  the  Catalans,   unJer 

Roger  (le  Flor. 
Othnir.n  increases  his  posses 

sions  ;  abandons   the  paste 

ral  life,  and  fortifies  towns 

ana  castles. 


Enoland   &  Scotland.  The  World,  elsewhere. 


1310 


1303.  Edward  invades  Scot- 
land. —  Wallace  betrnyed 
and  beheaded. — Scotland 
subniit.s. 

Edward   recovers   Gui- 
enne. 


ISnC.  Scotland:— R  0  b  e  r  I 
Bruce  proclaimed  kins 
— is  ohiiired  to  llee ;  bin. 
Edward  clying.  resumes  hi? 
position. 

1307.En?.:EdwardlI.^   1307.    Switzerland 


1301.  Hungary: — Andrew  the 

Venetian.  ^5 

Extinciion  of  the  hous« 
of  Arpail. 

— Wenceslas  III.  of  Bo 

nemia.^g 

1304.  — Otto    v.,    of    Ba^a 


1305.  Pola;  li .— Vladislas  IV., 
in  Little  Poland,  and 

Duke  Henry,  of  Gloeau. 
in  Great  Poland. 

Ru5?ia  subject  to  the 
Khan  of  Tartary. 


Scot.  : — Bruce  Ktrensrili- 
ens  himself  by  repeated  ad- 
va  iviges   and   prudent  con- 


1  escapes  from 


The  Kni2ht8  of  St.  John  of 
Jeru.^alem,  established  at 
Rh  )de8. 


1314.  Edward  inva.lcs  .Sen 
land,  and  is  deli'.iiiMl  at  the 
Battle  of  B  a  n  n  o  c  k  • 
bur". 

The   Scots  invade  En;;- 
land  and  Ireland. 


W  m .  T 

Gesler: 

SWISS  Republics 

Ibunded,  Nov.  7. 
130S.  Hiinsary  : — Carobert,  of 

Anjou.^ 

1.309.  Poland  united   into  one 

monarchy   under    Vladislas 

IV. 

Naples  : —  Robert,    the 

Good.      He   Hspires   to    the 

dominion  of  Italy. 
1310.  Italy  :— The   Council  ol 

Ten  established  at  Venice. 


1313.  Italy  ;—Malteo  Visco.ui. 
Kilt.  Tunis  made  tributary  to 
Spain. 


1310.  Italy  : — Castruccio,  Lord 

f  LiH-ca  and  Pisa 
1317.  UoliiTt.  the  Good,  asena- 

tor  of  Uorne.and 
13H.  —lord  of  Genoa. 
131!*.    I'iii;il    rsiablishmen.    of 

the  ol.iiarchv  at  Venice. 


92 


THE   WORLDS    PROGRESS.  I32OA.IJ.- 


4.D. !   Prooress  op  Society,  etc.  Ecclesiastical.  France,  Germany,  &.  Spaijj 


1323  John  de  Muris  introiluces 
iiuteg  of  dili'ereiu  leugih  into 
mu^ic — and  [lie  method  of 
di^tiii^iii-^hiui,'  ihem. 
llomiince  poeiry  of  the  middle 
Ap^s  iKiurisiies. 

1326  j  Mayroais  comiivnces  the  cele 
brated   di-^uuiiition-i    in    the 
J     Sirbiune. 

1326  ,  Clock  coii.-trLicted  on  mathe- 
matical priucij)le3,  by  Rich- 
ard Vahgfon. 

Linna,  a  monk,  and  astrono- 
mer of  Oxford,  constructs  a 
map  of  the  northern  seas. 

Thomas, of  UraiUvardine,  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury. 


13»1 
1335 

1337 
1340 


m: 


1360 


U56 


13'21.    Contest  of    tlie   popes 
with  Louis  of  Bavaria. 


1328.  Crusade  preached  agains: 
Louis,  who  sets  up  Xieliolas 
V.  as  anti-pope. 


Giotto,  a  shepherd   boy,   the  1334.  Pope  Benedict  XIL 
first    who     drew    portrait: 
from  life. 

Greek  literature  revives. — 
liarlaam  teaches  Petrarch. 
— Leontiu3  lectures  on  Ho- 
mer at  Fiorence. 

First  comet,  whose  course  has 
been  accurately  described. 


GUXPOWDER   in  use  at 

the  battle  of  Cressy. 
Lijjpo  Memmi   Giotino,   FIo- 
reniine  painter. 

First  ba/i/i  at  Genoa. 


1.339.  Strusiles  in  Rome  be- 
tween iht,  Colunna  and  the 
Ursini. 


1312.  Pope  Clement  VI. 


Democracy   at  Rome,    under  Rienzi,  the   last  of   the    Tri- 
bunes. 


Manufactures  improve  in 
Enj:land.  —  Cornni'rrce  in- 
creases. 

liartolus  and  Baldus,  cele- 
brateil  jurists 


Merino  sheep  introduced  into 
Spam,  by  Peter  IV.  of  Ara- 
gon. 

Sir  John  Mandeville's  Tra- 
vels, the  first  English  book 
in  prose. 


13-^2.  France  :  —  C  h  a  r  I  e 

1  V.^— (the  Fair.) 

Germany: — Frederic,  ti 
A  astria  defeated  and  takec 
prisoner. 
13'24.  Germany :  —  Louis  it- 
communicated  by  John  XII 
— apptuls  to  a  gericral  coun 
oil. 


1.328.  France  :— P  h  i  1  i  p  VI 
of   Valol  s  .^ 


1332.  France  :— The  Flemings 
revolt  and  acknowledge  Ed- 
ward 111.  asknigoi  Frame. 


J 
I3:K.  France  :-War  with  Eng- 
land. 

Germany : — Declaration 
of  the  Diet  of  Frankfort, 
thai  the  pope  hatl  no  tempo, 
ral  [vuver  in  the  empire. 

Louis  sides  with  the 
Enslish  against  France 


1346.  France:  —  Normandy 
overrun  by  Edwanl.  wii!> 
his  son.  the  Biack  Prir.ce.- 
French  defeated  at  Cressy. 
Germany  : — C  h  a  r  1  es 
IV.,  king  ol'  Bohemia. 

The   empire   offered    I' 
Edward  HI  ,  who  declines. 

13.W.  France  :— .T  0  h  n  ,^- 
(the  Good.) 
1352.  Pope  Innocent  VI 

133-1.  Rienzi  killed. — Albemoz,  Yi'w   Germanv  : Promt  I21 

cardinal  letraie.  restores  the       tj„ii  ,if  the  <''uiden  Bali    ' 
papal  dominion.  j  js.-.g    France T-Kins  .loLn  Je 

feaieil  ami  taken  prisoner  a 
P'itiers, — Charles  the  dat 
phin  recent. 

Insurrection  in  Pans 


13G0.  France: — John  reetln 
his  liberty— cedes  much  ;ei 
ritory  to  England 


I  ^,60  A,D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RLCORD. 


93 


Eastekx  Empire. 


13"20  Di.'putes  and  civil  war  be- 
tween the  emperor  anj  liis 
son,  Micliael. 


ISU6 
328 


ICngland  &  Scotland. 


13-J.  Lancaster  executed. 
13j:j.    Conspiracy  against  the 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1320.  Kussia:— The  grand 
duchy  of  Wladimir  confer- 
red on  Ivaii  Uanilovitsch. 


Orkhan,  sultan  of  the  Turks 
makes  Pru-^a  liiscapiial. 


Andronicus.  ^ 

(the  younger.) 


— John  Caniacuzene.   ?->f  — 


War  wirh  th,-  r.,-nnc<.\  .'..•u-.a 
rtlnj(;r.;ek.<,iii  !  \'-ii.;liaiis 


1327.  I'care  between  Scotland 
anil  EiiL'land.  —  The  nide- 
pendi'Hce  of  Scotland  ac- 
knowledged. 

—  E  D  \V  ARD  III  .^  — 

1.3--'9.  Scotland  :— David  II. 

13.32.  Edward  invades  Scot- 
land.—lialliol  crowned,  bui 
Miunexpidled. 

13.33.  I{a[:le  of  Ilalidon  Hill. 
—  lialliol  restored — doe^  ho- 
mage 10  Edward 


13,3=1  Struirirle  for  the  French 
crown, which  lasts  120 years. 

1310.  The  victory  of  Ifelvoet 
Sluv-j  — L'ives  spirit  to  the 
laiL'li-h  flaw. 

D.ivi  1.   of  Scotland,   in- 
vade^ England. 

1310.   Hat  tie  o  f  C  r  e  s  s  y. 

134;.    Siege    and  capture    o( 


13^26,  Tartarv  — Tamer- 
lane   born  at  Kesh. 

1327.  Iialy  .-—Invaded  by  Louis. 
emperor  of  Germany. 


13.33.   Poland:- 
a. 

Great.  ^^ — 


1.339.    Italy  :— Simon   Bocane- 
gra,  doge  of  Genoa. 

1310.  Denmark  :  —  W'aldemar 

IV.  re-^torerof  the  kiiiL'-doni 
1312.    iluniiary  :  — Louis   the 

Great. 
1313     Italy: Commercial 

treaty    between   Venice  and 

the   snlttin   of     EL'vpt    and 

Syria. 
.317.    Ii.ily  :— R  i  e  n  z  i  ,    the 

last  of   the   Tribunes,    rules 

at  Rome. 


1.3.'0.  Viciory  over  the  Spanish 
fleet.  —  I'arliameiit  divided 
into  two  cli;imbers,  lords 
spiritual  and  temporal. 


'.lohnPaltEologus.^^ 


1350.  Italy  : — Naval  war  be- 
tween Venice  and  Genoa. 

I.3."'i:!.  Estalili.-limcnt  of  ilie  Ot- 
toman-^ in  Europe. 

1.3."1.  Italy  :—ltieiizi  killed- 
papal  [nwer  restored. 

13."("..     E  d  w  a  r  d  ,      t  h  e  !  1.3.")n.  First  war  between  Hiir 
M    1    a    c    k      P  r  i  n  c  e  .i      gary  and  Wnice. 
i'an;s       the        battle      of: 
I'ni  I  j,.  ,-,..  .  —  .lutm    made; 
|iri-Miiri-.-Two  years'  ti'iii-e.  1 
-Edward     a-ain       invades' 
Sr.itfind-is    t.liliL'ed    to    re-  | 
treat. 
13.-H.  — aL'aiii   invad.!s  France.  I 

j  13."i9.  IIuriL'ary  :— Conquest  ol 
Amuralh    I.,    Sultan    o(     the   1301",  Peace  of  Hretigni.  1     ilie    principalities   lying  o« 

Turks.  I      the  Danube. 


,);) 


94 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1362  A.D. 


k.v. 

Prooress  of  Society,  etc. 

Ecclesiastical. 

France.  Germany  &  Spain 

Petrarch  and   Boccacio. 

1362.  Pope  Urban  V.  at  Avig- 

13G4. Fr.:— Charles  V.^ 

non— beautifies  the   ciiy   of 

Rome— presents    the    right 

(the  Wise.) 

arm  of  Thiinias  Aqiiinas  to 

ncA 

Cliarlt's  V.  founds  a  college  of 

Charles  V.  ol  France,  as  an 

tnedicine  and  astroloi^y  at 

object  of  worship. 

Paris. 

1365 

Foundation  of  the  University 

1365.    War   with    Navarre^ 

uf  Vienna. 

1370.  Pope  Gregory  IX. 

battle  of  Amoy. 

Geof.  Chaucer,  father 

of   English    poetry. 

1378.  "  Schism  of  the  West :" 

1378.  Germany: — Wences- 

Pope    Urban     VI.     ac- 

1 a  s  ,    (king    of   Bohemia), 

knowledged   in  the   empire 

emperor. 

and  England. 

Clement  VII.    acknow- 

1380. Fr.  :  CharlesVl.^ 

138(1 

Mysteries  played  in  France. 

ledged  in  France,  Spain,  and 

Scolland. 

(the  Maniac). 

1332.  Baitle  of  Rosbecq— th« 
p'leminas   defeated Arte- 

1383 

Wickliffe's  translation  of  the 
Bible. 

velde  killed. 
1386.   France  :— Fruitless  at- 

1386 

University     of     Heidelberg 

founded. 
Froissart'i  Chronicle?!. 
John  Van  Eyck,  invented  oil 

painting — founder  of    the 

Flemish  school. 

13S9.    Pope    Boniface   IX.   at 
Rome. 

tempt  to  invade  England. 

.390 

The  first  mill  in  Germany  for 

the    manufacture   of    linen 

1391.  The  English  clerey  for- 

paper. 
Chaucer's  Astrolabe  written. 

bidden  to  cross  the  sea  for 

1392.  —Charles   seized   with 

1392 

benefices. 

madness. 

1394    Pope  Benedict  XIII 

1394.  Germany  :— The  emper- 

Revival of  Greek  literature  in 

or  imprisoned  by  the  people 

Italy. 

of  Prague. 

1400 

Chancer  dies. 

140rt.  Ger. :— R  0  b  e  r  t  .@- 

(Coun.  Palatine). 

1402 

John  Gower,  EngliA  poet. 

1403  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAT.  RECORD. 


95 


Eastern  Empire. 


1402 


Treaty  with  Miirarl,  the  Otto 
man  emperor. 


England  &  Scotland. 


Il,i].-izot  l.,siili.in  of  ilii:  Turks. 
A 


Victory  of  Nicojuilis.— SiL'i";- 
mnii'l.  of  lIuiiLMry,  .l"l.t;i;.,'d 
ky  li:ij;iztn  1. 


B»)azet  (li^ffntfil  .-itKl  ni.-ih! 
,irisi)ni-r  liy  'r.'iiiirri;iiin.  .'ii 
the  biittle  of  Aii:;.'ra. 


1302.  The  Black  Prince  aids 
I'eter  the  Cruel,  of  Castile, 
to  recover  his  throne. 


1369.  A  new  war  with  France : 
unsuccessful. 


1371.  Scotland  .-—Robert  II.— 
the  House  of  Siuan. 

1370.  Uealh  of  the  Black- 
Prince. 

1377.— Richard  II.  ^— 
Fir.«t  Speaker  of  the  House 
of  Commons. 


1378.     Fruitless    invasion    ot 
France. 

Insurrection  of  Wat  Ty- 
ler. 


\^92.  The.  kins  marries  Anne, 
daushter  of  Charles  IV. 


13S}.  The   Scots,   assisted   b> 
France,  invade  England. 


138.5.  Tlie  Engli.sh  burn  Edin- 
burgh. 


l.'KS    Bailie  of  Olterbourne, 

K!'.»0.  Scotland  :  RobiTt  III. 
Persecution  of  the  Wick- 
\\Ctes. 


I'V.)^.  Ilenrv,  of  Lancaster. 
h;uiishe.l.' 

II  'Mise    )f  Lancas- 
ter:   n 

i:!'.i;).  -ili'n  ry  1  V.H'?  — 
liiclMrd  II    deposed.  ' 

mil.  ReliellJ.niDl  OwenCJIeil- 
diiw(-r.  and 

llli:!.  of  the,  Percys,  who  are 
defeated  at  ihe  liatlle  ol 
Slirewsliury. 


The   Wokld, 


13G2.    Italy  :  — War  betweei 
Pisa  and  Florence. 


13C9.  Tartary  :  —  Tamerlane 
makes  Saniarcand  the  capi- 
tal of  his  new  emjjire. 

13711.  Poland  :—E.\tinction  0/ 
the  roval  race  of  PiastS:. 


1378.  Italy  :— Silvester  de  Me- 
dici,   gonfaloiiiere    of   Flo- 


I.3S0.  Russia: — Bimitri  Ivano- 
viiscli  victorious  over  the 
Tartars,  near  the  Don. 

13.S2.  The  Tartars  sack  Mos 


13--!!.     I'ersia  :  —  Invaded    by 
raiiieiiaue  ;   Ispahan  taken. 

—  I'yramidsol  human  heads. 
13^.').     War    lietween  Austria 

and  Switzerland. 
13Si;.     Batile   ut'  Sempach: — 

tlie  Aiistrians  defeated. 
1387.  Demnark  &  Norway  :— 

MarL-arei,  fi^ the  Semi- 

ranns  nf  thi-  norili. 
::i'.ll.    Ii.dy  :-I'isa  falls  under 
the  viike  of  the  Visconti. 


139.".      T.imerlane      overruns 

f    Kii  cleik  .and   Russia 

i:i'.i7.   I  iiinn  ,,f  C^niiiiir,  form- 

iML'  Denmark.  Sweden,  and 

.Nnrw.-iv   iiiio   a  siiiLde  mo- 


!:i;i9.     Inva-ion    of    India    by 
Tanicilaiie. 


96 


THE   world's    progress.  I403  A.I).- 


4.D.     PiioQUBss  OF  Society,  etc.  Ecclesiasi'ical.  France,  Germany,  &  Spain 


1407 

1409 


Rodn'go,  of  Zajnora.  Spani.^h 
histOL'ian. 

University  of  Leipsic  found- 
ed. 


Thcmas  a  Kempis. 
John  IIuss. 
Jerome,  of  Prague. 


1423 


First  Portuguese  colomes  on 
the  coast  of  Africa,  Madei- 
ra. &c. 


George  of  Peurhach,  astrono- 
mer at  Vienna. 


Peter  d'Ailly.  theologian. 


The  arts  promoted  in  Italy  by 
Cosmo  de  Medici. 


England   increases  her   trade 
wilh  the  Mediterranean. 


Michael  Walli?emnth,  Ger- 
man painter,  (teacher  of 
Durer). 

Fra.  Filippo  Lippi,  painter. 


INVENTION  OF  PRINT- 
ING ,it  Mayence. 

John  Mailer  Jtegiomontanus. 
German  astronomer  and 
mathematician. 


1404.  Pope  Innocent  VII. 
1406.       '•     Gregory  XII. 


1400.  The  council  of  Pisa  de- 
poses Gresory  and  liene- 
dict,  and  elects  Ale.xander 
V.  ; — neither  will  yield,  so 
that  there  are  three  popes  at 
once. 

1410.  Pope  John  XXIII. 


1414.   Council  of  Constance. 


1416.  John  IIuss.  and  Jerome. 
of  Prague,  burnt  by  the 
Council  of  Constance. 

1417.  Pope  Martin  V. 


1429.  Pope  Clement  VIII.  at 
Avisnon,  resiixns,  ami  ends 
the  "Schism  of  the  West.-' 


1431.  Pope  Eiigenius  IV. 
t--    Council  of  Basle. 


1407.     France  :  —  Murder  ol 
Louis.  Duke  of  Orleans. 

Spain:— John    II.,  k.in| 
of  Castile. 


1410.  Spain  :  —Ferdinand,  king 
of  Arra2on.  —  Yusief  III., 
king  of  Granada. 

1410.  Fr.  : — Civil  war  between 
the  ])artie3  of  Orleans  and 
Burgundy. 

Germany  :  —  Death   of 
Robert. 

141 1.  S  i  s  i  s  m  u  n  d  ,  (king 

of  Hungary), ^g empe- 
ror. 
1413.    France:  — The  French 
defeated   by    Henry   V.,    o( 
England,  at  Agincourt. 

1416.  Spain  : — Alfonzo  V.,  kiiif 
of  Arragon  and  Sicily. 


1410.  Siirismund    succeeds 
the  Uohemian  crown. 


1422.  France  :— Death  of  Char 
les  VI  —  Henry  VI.  pro- 
claimed at  Paris  king  of 
France  and  Enghind. 

— C  h  a  r  I  e  g  VII.  ^ — 
at  Piiitiers. 

U27.  Orleans  besieged  by  (he 
English. 

1 129  — saved  bv  J  0  a  n  o  1 
Arc. 

Charles  crowned  at 
Rbeims  ;  makes  a  vain  at- 
tempt to  2ain  Paris. 

1431.  Joan  of  Arc  taken  pri- 
soner anl  burnt  as  a  witch. 

1431.  Germany  :  —  Sigismund 
visiis  Italy,  and  is  crowned 
emperor  bv  Pope  Euffenius 
IV. 

143.1.  Peace  of  Arras,  between 
France  and  Burgundy. 


113G.    France: 
Paris. 


-Recovery    of 


143S.   Prnsmritic   sanction   of  Bruges,  estab'ishes  the  liber 
ties  of  the  French  church. 


1438  A.D.  A  CHROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


97 


Easterv  Empire. 


Solyinan    I.,    Sultan    (if    the 
Turks. 


England  <t  Scotland. 


1406.  Scotland  :— Jame^  I. 


The  Wotn.D.  elscvvhpre. 


40G.  Italy  -  Pi.-a  cci  quered 
by  FliMci  ce. —  Subjugation 
ot  I'adua  and  Verona  bj 
Venice. 


Mohammea   I.,  Sultan  of  tbo   1413. 
Turks. 


.•\iiiurath   II.     35ultan    of    tlie 
lurks. 


.lohn  VII, 


The  pmpcrnr  vi^-its  Italy  u 
obtaifi  help  aL'tcmsl  tht 
Tur'is — aubrr.its  to  the  p-,>pi; 


-II  e  n  r  y     V  . 


1414.  —  claims     the     French 

crown. 
141.3.  — gains    the     battle 

of    A  g  i  n  c  o  u  r  t  . 


1420.  Treaty  of  Troy es.-IIenry 
marries  Catharine,  dau2bler 
of  Charles  VI.,  and  is  de- 
cUircil  heir  to  the  French 
crown. 

I4-.'2.   Death  of  Henry  V. 

—Henry     V  I  .@  — 

1424.  Tlie  Duke  of  I!edf(n-d 
defrais  the   French  at   Ver- 


1427.   —besieges  Orleans. 


1429.  The  sic?e  raised  bv  thi 
.Miii<l  of  Orleans. 


Ij.'il.  — she  is  taken  prison 
and  burnt. 


14.'!.').  Death  of  the  Duke  nl 
Bedlnrd,  fnllowed  by  the 
lo.'^sof  all  the  En2li^h  pos- 
sessions    in    Fi:ince,  except 

ll.'W.   War  with  Si-(itland. 

I4:;r.  Scotland  :-.;an)es  II. 


1412.  Italy:— Sack  of  Rome 
by  Lailislas,  king  of  Naples, 
Denmark,  Norway,  &c.  : 

Eric  VII.,  of  Pomerania.^r 
I41.y   CoiKjuest    ol'  C'euta,    by 

the  I'oniiguese. 
141U.  Bohemia  :— Hussite  war. 


1420.    Discovery   of   Madeira 
by  the  Portuguese. 


1421   I!oheini;i:-Deaihof  John 
Zi.-ka.  ilie  Ilns.<iie  leader. 

Italy  :— WarofitieDuke 
of  ^lilan  aL'aJnst  Florence. 


1 121).  Florence  :— Cos  ni  0  di 
.M  e  il  i  c  i ,  patron  of  the 
(irU  (Did  sciences. 


I'M.    Ii.ilv  :— Second   war   31 
Vemc,;and  Milan. 


IV-'A.  Poland  :-Vladislas  III. 


I  v.'/,.  It.ilv  :— Tliird  war  bo- 
tweni  Vrnire  and  Milan. 

I  i:i7.  I'oriuual :  —  Expedition 
into  Alrira. 

li:iS.  P.Miiigal:— Alfonso  V, 
king.4_ 


98 


THE    world's    1>R0GRESS.  1438  A.l: 


1448 


PROaRKaS  OF  SOCIETV,  etc 


Leonardo  da  Vinci,  sculptor, 
architect,  and  painter — dis- 
covers perspective. 


Pet.  Perugino,  founder  of  the 
Roman  school  of  painting, 
teacher  of  Raphael. 


Library  of  the  Vatican,  found- 
ed. 


The  Azores  discovered. 
Alain  Chartica.  French  poet 


Flouri.shinz  period  of  Flan- 
ders' trade. — All  European 
nations  luive  warehouse.^!  ai 
Bruges  and  CAw.xA.—Boole 
trade  at  JMayence. 


HCCLE.SIASTICAI,. 


M17.  Pope  Nicholas  V. 


14!8.  Concordat  of  Aschaffon- 
berff,  by  which  the  liberties 
of  the  German  church  are 
compromised. 


France.  Gei:manv  &.  Spain. 


14-38.    Genn.-uiy  :  —  H  o  u  s  « 
of    Austria; 

—  Albert  IT  .^  — 
(king  of  Bolieinia  and  Hun- 
gary.) 


1440.  Ger.  [-Frederic  III. 


France  :— The  dauphin, 
(Louis  XL),  rebels— but  Ja 
pardoned. 

1444.  — establishment  of  the 
conip;uiies  of  Archers-  ll'.o 
first  nalional  standing  army. 


144G.  Germany  :  —  War  wi'h 
Hungary,  for  refusing  to 
give  up  the  young  prince. 
Vladislas- 


14ol.  E.xpedition  of  Freiiertc 

to  Home. 


1453.  Austria  made  an  hersdi- 
tary  duchy  by  Frederic. 

'End  of  ihe  Fren-rh  tsa 
Engiisli  wars. 


1453  A.I). 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


99 


A.D.  Eastern  Empire. 


In?urrectioi  of  Sondeberg — 
victory  over  iht  Turks  near 
Nissa. 


Battle  of  Varna  —  Vladislas, 
Wins  of  Poland,  defeated  and 
killed  by  the  'larks. 


— Con-^tanline  XIl.  ^ 

(P^ilae'jJM^us.)  the  last  of  the 
Gn^i:k  emperors. 


Mohammed   II.,  Sultan  of  the 
Turks. 


Sie?e  and  capture 
(if  (;  0  n  s  t  a  n  t  i  n  o  J)  !  e 
ti  V     the     T  u  r  l(  i  : 

ENI)  UV  THE  EAST 
EK>     liMPlHE. 


England  <fe  Scotland.  The  World,  elsewhere. 


1444.  Truce  with  France. — 
Marriage  of  Henry  lo  Mar- 
garet, of  Anjou. 


1447.  Glouce.ster  arrested  for 
treason — dies  suddenly. 


1440.  Hungary:  — 
chosen  kmg.^ff —  - 

1441.  Italy:- Peace  of  Marll 

nego. 
1443.  Alfonso  V.,  of  Arragon, 
unites  the  crown  of  the  Twc 
Sicilies. 


1445.  Poland  :  CasimirlV.^ 

1446.  Tartary  :  — Ulush  Beg. 
oa'  ron  o  f  astronomy  aix' 
gecgrapfiy. 


1448.  Denmark  :— Christian  I. 
of  Odenburg.^g 

Sweden :— Cbarl.'S  VIU.^ 


U.'O.     Innurrection    of   ./Wc/i  ]  14."in.  Italy: — Frnncesco  Sfor- 
za,  duke  of  Milan. 

Norway  : Chri.-^tian 


crowned  at  Prontheim.^^ 

Delhi:— Hehol  Lodi  en- 
larL"'-i  I  he  kiiii-'dom. 
ll.'i:!     I'olarid  :— Corf.-mation 
of  :!ie  national  liberty  in  th« 
Diet  of  I'etr  kan. 


CVK/e~callin?  himself  Mor- 
timer, 

(;  i  V  i  1  Wars  of 
''the     R  o  s  e  .s  :  '  ' 

Kirhard.  duke  of  York 
claims  the  throne. 


Scotland  :— Struggles  be- 
tween I  lie  king  and  aristo- 
cracy for  power. 


100 


THE    WORLD'S    PROGRESS. 


1454  A.D. 


.  ^v-, 


PROORKys  OP  Society,  etc. 


Philip  de    Comines,  French 
hisiorian. 


Wood  engraving  invented. 


Post- Offices  in    France    ami 
England. 


Faust  dies  at  Paris,  whither 
At  journeys  twice  to  sell  his 
Latin  BMe. 


Beerhard  invents  the  pedal  to 
the  organ. 


\ATl\  Printing  in  England— Cax- 
ton. 


Printed  musical  notes. 
Hungary: — .Maihias   patroni 

zes  literature  and  the  art.s. 
Large    library   at    Ofen— 300 

copyists  01'  manuscripts. 


German  ballads— war  songs  of  I'SS^.       •  Ed  ■ 
Veit  Weber.  ward     V  . 


Scotland. 


14.55.   Battle  of 
St.  Albani. 

House 

of    York: 

11(31      —  E  d- 

ward  IV. 

gj—  gains 
tho  battle  of 
Towton. 


U69.Warwick 
banished. 


1471.  Battle  of 

Harnet  : 

Warwick 
slain  —Hen- 
ry VI.  dies  in 
the  Tower. 


Watches  first  made  at  Nurem- 

burg. 
Mikrolid  and  Rondemir,  great 

Persian  historians. 


1461  Lady  Juliana.  Berners,  one  of 
the  'jarliesl  I'emale  writers 
of  England. 


Hans  Holbein,  painter. 


14W 


Franchino  Gafurid.  teacher  in 
the  first  public  school  of 
music  at  .Milan. 


Josquin  de  Prez,  greatest  mu- 
Bical  genius  of  his  age 


1460. 
HI. 


lamec 


r^ichard, 

Protector, 
The  kins  & 
his     brother 
murdered  in 
the  Tower. 

—Rich 
ard     III 


14S5.  -Henry, 
earl  of  Rich- 
mond, land 
at  Ml  I  ford 
Haven. 

Battle 
o  f  B  o  8  ■ 
worth 

Field: 

Richard 

defeated  and 
slain. 


1479.  War  with 

England .  — 
Conspiracy 
of  the  no- 
bles ;  —  'hey 
take  the  king 
prisoner. 


1461.  Louis 


Spain  and 
Portugal. 


1475.  War  be- 
tween Louis 

and  Charles 
of  Burgun- 
dy, 

1476.  — who  is 
defeated  at 
Gransonand 
Morat,  and 

1477.  — slain  at 

Nancy.  

Artois     and 
Burgundy 
united  to  tliD 

French 
crown. 


1483.— Char- 
les VIII 


J454.  Spain  •  — 
Henry  IV.  ol 


1169.  Marriage 
ofFerdir.and, 
of  Arragon, 
with  Isabel- 
la, of  C,..* 
tile. 


1479.  Unior 
o  f  Cast i  1  e 
and  Arra- 
gon   under 

Ferdinand 
1 1 .  and  Isa- 
bella. 

148<1.  T  h  e  I  n . 

q  u  i  si  t  ion . 
— X  i  m  e 
n  e  s ,  bisho} 
of  Toledo. 

1481.   Port.  :— 


1484.  First  au 
da-fe  at  S« 

villa 


1485  A.I). 


A  CHROXOLOCICAL  RECORD. 


lOI 


1*62 


The  emperor  besieged  in  lii 
couri  at  Vienna— delivered 
by  G.  Podiebrad,  of  Bohe 
mia. 


Invasions  of  the  Turks. 


University  of  Ingoldstodt. 


Marriage  of   Maximilian  anc 
Maria  of  Burgundy, 


1451.  Strusgle 
between  (Jos- 
mod  da  Me- 
dici and  ilie 
aristocracy. 

1458.  The 
French  rule 
in  Genoa. 

Pope  Pi- 
us II. 

1463.  War  of 
Venice  with 

1464.  Pietrode 
Medici   at 
Florence. 

Pojie  Paul 
II. 

1406.  Galeaz- 
zo,  duke  ol 
Milan. 

146'J.  1,  0  re  n  ■ 
z  o  d  e  Me- 
dici, .'suc- 
ceeds Pieiro, 

1471.  Sixtus 
IV.  pope. 

Power  ol 
the  Medici 
increases. 

Learning 
flourislies. 


1478.  Conspi- 
racy of  the 
PazziatPlo- 
rence.--G'iu- 
lio,  broilier 
of  Lorenzo 
de      Medici. 


Otvoman 
E.MPn;i;. 


im. 


1455.  Turlfs  re- 
pulsed at  Bel- 
grade. 


the  Turks 


I IM.  War  with 
Hungary. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1454.  Poland  :— War  with  the 
Teutonic  Order. 


1458.    IIun,'dry:. 


Mathias 


Corvin.^^ ;,-iakes  hii 

country   lormidable    to  [ju 
neighbors. 

14C-2.  P.ussia:— Ivan  I.^-  - 
the  Great— takes  ihe  lllle  >l 
Czar. 

14G6,  Peace  of  Thorn. — East 
Prussia  a  fief  of  Poland.— 
West  Prussia  ceded  to  Po- 
land. 

I4CS.  IJzun  Hasan,  master  01 
all  Persia. 


1470.  — forms  an  alliance  with 
the  Veneiians  and  Ihe  duke 
of  Burgu.i  dy  aeainst  the  Turks-con- 
quers l:a?ilad. 

1472.  Russia: — Ivan  marries 
Sophia,  niece  of  the  Greek 
emperor. 

1474.  — shakes  ofT  the  Tarlai 
yoke,  aiul  capiures  Novo- 
gorod. 

1477.  Ilunirnry — War  with 
Frederic  III. 

1470.  Fruitless 
attempt  upon 


1480.  -ca|)iure 

nd    <lesiroy   14=1.  Drnmaik  :-   John, 


(Jirani 
1481.     ijdjazel 

11.  #— 

the  lirst  un- 
warlike  sul- 
tan. 


148-4.  Innocent 
VIII.,  pope. 


parii;illy    acknowli'dgeil   in 
Sweden. 


43 V      llini- 
takes  Vicn 


I02 


THE    world's    I'ROGRESS.  I485   A.l). 


Proohess  op  SociiiTV.  etc. 


Martini  Bchaim,  (Nurem- 
bLii;5.)  publishes  a  Tnap  of 
l/ie  world. 

DISCOVERY  O  F\ 
AMERICA. 

Firsi  i>rinnng  press  at  Copen- 
hagen. 

The  second  vo;/a<^e  of  Cotuvi- 
hus. — A  Spanish  colony  at 
Hispaniola. 

7Vi»;  discoveries  of  John  and 
Sebastian  Cabot. 

Third  rnt/me  of  Columbus. 
He  ii^iMveix  'triniaaa  and 
ihe  Coiiiiaent. 

Lisbon,  the  sreat  seat  of  trade. 
— Venice  de.'lines. 

Maritime  enterprises  greatly 
extended. 

■S'/r  Thomas  Mure's  Utopia, 
piiblishe  1. 

Xichulas  Machiarelli,  states- 
man an  I  historian. 

.\ineriiro  V'espucius's  voyaje. 

Fonrlh  voiim^e  of  Columbus. 

Rfijiliael.  Slichael  Angela,  Ti- 
tian, Corregio,  p.iiniers. 

St.  Peter's,  anr)  other  magni- 
ficent churches  built. 


The  cele'  rated  tapestry,  after 
Raphael  ;— Carto  ins  woven 
in  the  Netherlands. 

L  UTIIE  R^Eta^mu?, 

M  e  1  a  n  e  t  h  0  u  ,  and  other 
rel'irmers. 

Roger  Asriiam.  tutor  of  queen 
Elizabeth. 

Hans  Su;h^,  founder  of  Ger- 
man drama. 

Copernicus,  discovers 
th»  trw  system  of  the  Uni- 
verse— In-:  2reat  work.  De 
Orbiuni  Coelestiuin  Revolu- 
tionibus. 

First  comp'ete  circumnavi- 
gallon  of  the  globe,  by  Ma- 
gellan 


t4S^.  House       of 
Tu  do  r:— 
— Henrv  VII 


14"^6.    Imposture    01 
Lambert  Symnel. 
The  Star  Chain- 
ber  established. 


1493.  Perkin  War- 
beck,  pretends  10 
be  Richaril,  duke 
of  York— defeated 
on  Ulackheath. 


1407.  Cabot  m:ik-es 
discoveries  in  A- 
merica. 

1409.  Earl  of 
Warwick,  last 
of  the  Plantage- 
nets,  executed. 


Scot- 
land. 


14S7  :- 

James 

IV. 


loi)9.     ir  e  n  r  y 

VIII. # 

joins  the  League 
of  Cainbray. 

I0I.3.  Iiiva.<ionofihe 
Scots.  —  Battle  of 
Fioilden — the  king 
and  chief  Scots 
killed. 

1515.  W  o  I  8  e  y  , 
chancelloranil  car- 
dinal, 

15.iO.  The  Emperor 
visits  Ensland.  — 
Meeting  of  Henry 
and  Francis  at  the 
■'Field  of  the  Cloth 
of  Gold." 

15:21.  The  Reformed 
doctrines  opposed 
by  Henry,  in  his 
1)  lok  I  n  the  Seven 
Sacnir.i.Mits  —  he 
receives  the  titli^ 
of  ••  Deleu der  of 
the  Faiih. " 


150:3.:- 
tames 


niarr^ef 
Maiiia- 
ret,  of 
Ens- 
land. 


1513.:- 

J.itnes 

V. 


1491.  Hretag- 
ne  united  to 
Ihe  crown 
by  the  king's 
marriage 
with  Anne. 

1494.  Invasion 
of  Italy. 


1493.— Lou  is 

X  II  .^— 

1499. in- 
vades    Italy 
— conquers 
the  .Milanese 
Duchy. 


151)1).  Treaty 
with  Ferdi- 
nand, of  Ara- 
gon.  Ibr  the 
conquest  and 
partition  of 
Naples. 


151(1.  The 
Oiuncil     of 
Tours,  to 
support  the 
king  against 
the    Hojy 
League. 


1515.— Fran- 
cis \.^^ — 
— invtides 

Italy —  victory 
of  Marigna- 
no —  Genoa 
and  .Milan 
submit. 

1516.  (Concor- 
dat with  the 
pope,  instead 
o(  pragma- 
tic sanction. 

15'Jl.  First  war 
with  (  har- 
ies  V. 


Spain  an» 
poutuoal. 


149--  Con- 
quest of 
Granada  by 
Gonzalo  dc 
Cordova. 

Discovery 
o  f A  me  t  i  • 
c  a  ,  by  Co- 
lumbus. 

1493.  Vasco 
d  e  G  a  m  a 
ilmbles  the 
v^.;fe  of 
Gihid  Hope. 
aiiil   reaches 


1506.  Colun- 
bus  dies  al 
Valladolid. 

1507.  Cardinal 
Ximenes. 

Board  o( 
American 
trade  at  Se- 
ville. 


1516.— Chat 


I  ;22  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  KLCORD. 


lO 


Ottoman 

E.MPIKE. 


USj 


--Maximilian    1 


Uiiiversuy  of  Wiileiiburg 


M.iximili.iii  eu'frs  Italy  in  be 
ci-iiwi)'-.l  by  iIh:  P'lp';. 

—  i'lhis  lh(;  I.iMijLic  of  Ciim- 
bi'ay. 

— iliv,  I.M   ilic?  eiiii)i;(;  iiiio  ten 


(J  O   M   M    F.  N  C    r  .M   F.  S   T     0    I' 

T  11  i;    K  y.  F  u  K  M  A  r  i  o  n  . 

l.iril.T    MllnninlM-l    brluri;     Ibr 

ill.-!  1,1  An'-'.-lmr:,' 

—   -  ('   II    A    K   L  r'  S      V  .  ',*'/ 

..I  Si  am. 
Tiii-airlMl-;!;.  ■^^■:■.blnlM.l,,ar■ 
|      rirv   Ami-,  m^'.t  uI  l/ai;   - 
wb-iiC-     ihi'      ar-r.s-iui,     1,1 
H'.b.ania    a.;. I    l|,:;;L'arv     tn 
!      Ibe  II., I r  II  .(i.-lMi;/. 


149-2.  Pietro  II 
succeeds  his 
falher.  Lo- 
renzo, in  Flo- 
rence. 

r.pe  Alex- 
ander VI  , 
(  Borgia.) 

1494.  Expedi- 
tion cilCbar- 
les  VIII.  in- 
to Italy. 

14911.  Ameriso 
Vespucius's 
voyage  to 
America. 

15i)U.  Partition 
o|-  Na,.!es 
belweeli 
France    and 
S(iain. 

I.IU:::,  Florence : 
iMiirliiavetti. 
Secretary  oi 
Sale. 

VM).  Naple.-^ 
anni'xed  n, 
the  Siiani.-^b 
Cr.ivvn. 

I'l^je  Fiii-^ 
III 

I'ope  Ju- 
iiiid  Jl. 

1508,  Lrm^HC 
0/  Cinnhra,/ 
aL'ainst  Ve- 
nice. 

1.110.    llMiy 
I.c.aL'ni^     to 
expel   llie 
Fieiicb. 

l.",ll  C.nncil 
,1  Ibsi. 

V~V.\.    l',.pe 
1,  r,  o     X  . 
d.'  ,M,dici.; 

li'iiranhitiil 

■I'bebinl,!- 
n,i;     III'     St 


',19    C.ir.lmal 
d,-    M.-,!i,-i 
bold-,  rule  m 


The  Would,  elsewhwo. 


1493.  Wars 
with  Fjvp; 
IIuiiL-a:-v, 
and  Venice. 


1501!.  Peace 
with  Venice. 

1511.-).  War  witli 
Persia. 


1512.  Selim  I., 


tlimnes    and 
putstddratb 
lii.^  ruber. 
1,-311.  Til,'  I'ei- 


eat 


e,l  at  K.aM,: 

rnnii. Me 

.-iOiM.taMiia 
and   Knr.li- 
t:,n  adif.'.l  n 


1453.   India: — Sekander  Lodi. 

kins  of  Delhi. 
1492.   Poland:— John   Albert. 


AMI". RICA    discovered    by 

Columbus. 


149'i.  Spanish  colony   at  Hla 


1499.  VoyaL'e  of  Amerigo  Ve.s- 
inicius. —  Souib  American 
coa.st  explored. 

1501.      Poland  : — jVle.xander. 


Ismail  Shah  Soofi 
;>  l:::nse!f  s...;e  suv - 
of  lV'i-:,ia. 


,5uG.    Poland  : — Sigisniund   I. 
ySI (llie  Great.) 


ill. 


1.5(19.  Ii,.bemia :— Louis,W-. 

::  years  ,,l,l. 
15Hi.    Aiiirrica:  —  Settlement 

ai  D.anen. 
1511.  America: — Cuba  con- 

quei-ed. 
I5I.J.  Ameiira: Florida 

di-rnv,.red. 
I  151:;    SuMib  Sea  fiist  reachet! 

by  Iialb,,;i. 

I51(;.  Ilmii;arv  and  Bohemia. 
'  ft 
_I..,„j.  11.^ 

1517.     Ih.lia  :-Ibrabiin     I.oli 
kiiiir  01    Delhi 
17.  .-Xineiii-.i  : — First  jKilem 

?:'t (die       |,,r     niii,i,rliv^'     Argronn- 

Ma-Illfie,-I.t  )        LM-ame,!  bv  Spain 
|5:.|.  Ib'l.M.ad,'    151^    Cir-aii-  ni  Algiers. 
'ak  ai  by         il.Mti.  .MllNICO  conquered  bj 
s'    no  I      ibe    Spaniardw,    under   V,ot 


15li;.  Cain, 
taken  bv 
.Ml, nil, -.Mi: 


npiiv 
15.1)    S'llimaii 


Kl 


104 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1523  A.U.- 


Pkooress  op  Society,  eic. 


Xavier  pVdMs  Clu-isiiaaity  in 
India. 


Arioslo,  Italian  poel. 


1527  Ailieri  Da 
First  work 


1533 


1538 
lo3J 


n;ilitary  arclii- 


l«t 


Jorjens   invenis   the  spiniiim 

wheel  liir  spinning  Hax. 
Rahdnia.  French  liu-norist. 


Botanic  Garilens  at  PaJua. 


Ignatius  Loyala    fo)inds  the 
order  of  ilie  Jesuits. 


Papal  bull  ileclarin;;  the  Ame- 
rican natives  to  be  rational 
b.'iiiss. 

Tlie  diviti';  hnJl  invented. 

Calvin  inuiiis  tlie  Univer- 
sity of  Geneva. 

Pin^  fir.^t  u^ed  by  Catharine 
llow.ird,  fiu.>ei.'iit'  Bni^land. 

Jblin  Knox.  Scottish  Relbr- 
mer. 

\  ^uniinercial  treaty  between 
PartUijal  and  Japan. 


Nep-d'es  first  made. 
Vasaims'.s  work  un  Anatomv. 


Revival  of  Stoicism,  bv  Justus 

I.ip-iiis. 
Palestrina.  roinider  of  Italian 

church  mu-ic. 

Giacomo  Carisimi. 

Oran?e  trees  introduced  into 
Europe. 


SCOT- 
L.A..N'D. 


1529.  Sir  ThoiTias 
More,  Lord  Chan- 
cellor. —  Rise  of 
Cranmer,  archbi- 
shop of  Canter- 
bury. 


1532.  The  kin?  mar- 
ries Anne  Boleyn. 


1535.  Bisliop  Fisher 
and  Sir  Thomas 
Mare  beheaded. 

ilenry  e.\com- 
municated  by  the 
Pope 

l.j'W.  — marries  Jane 
Seymour.-^  Sup- 
pression of  the 
smaller  monaste- 
ries. 


1543    Ilenry  invades 

Franca  takes 

Boulojne. 

i5i-l.  French  fleet 
gain  a  viotorvover 
the  Enzlisli.  off 
the  Isle  of  Wight. 

1547.  —  Edward 

vi.#  — 

Somerset  invades 
Scotland  —defeats 
the  Scots  at  Pin- 
kie. 

Formal  esta- 
blishment of  Pro- 
testantism. 


Spain  and 
Portugal. 


1530. :  — 
Spread 

HI  iht 

Relor- 

niaiion. 
Pro- 
-tants 

pei^ecu- 

ted. 


42.  :  — 
ary. 


1  ol 
an, 


1525.     Francis 
defeated  and 
taken    pri- 
soner at  Pa- 
via. 

1527.  Second 
war  with 
Charles  V. 

1529.  Treaty  of 
Cambray. — 
Great  en- 
couragement 
given  ti."  arts 
and  science.s. 
—The  Lou- 
vre com- 
menced. 

1532.    Calvin 
preaches. 
Third 
French  war. 
— Siege    of 
Marseilles. 


15,3S.  Truce  of 
Nice— lor  10 
years. 

Attempt  to 
recover  (low- 
er in  Italy  ; 
hence  tlie 

151-?.  Fourth 
French  war. 


514.  P.-ace  01 
Cres|.y. 
France  gives 
up  Italy. 

1517.  Ilenry 

n.  ^ — 

Tlie    fa- 
mous Catha- 
rine      d  e 
Medici, 
queen. 


1536.   Acquisi- 
tion of    Mi- 


1540.  Porti:- 
.ual  :-!,,-- 
b  on,  t  h  e 
market  cf 
the  world. 

1542.  C  o  ni  - 
mercial  trea- 
ty between 
Portugal  and 
Japan. 


I  548  A.D. 


A  CIIROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


10: 


Germany. 


General   in=urreciions  of  th 
peasantry,    under    Thomas 
Miinzer. 


Cliarles   marneg   Isabella,    0 

I>orui-,iK 
Death  01  Frederic,  of  Saxony, 

The  Turks  invade  Germany 
—Diet  (if  Spires.— Liiiher- 
aiis  tirst  called  Protestants. 

League  of  Smakald. 


Ci>iiL'rc=s  of  Nice  hfitwron  the 
Ihnprcir.  the  I'npe.  ami  the 

kii,_-  01   I.'raiici, 


15:53.    Clement 
VlI.,l,ope. 


Id'JT).  Spain  ac- 
quires     the 
ascendency 
by  the  victo- 
ry uf  Tavia. 


1527.  The  [Me- 
dici expelled 
Ironi     Flo- 
rence. 


1.1.30.  Medici 
restored.  — 
Charles     V. 
crowned     al 
BoloL'na. 


irai.  Paul  III. 

pope. 


1537.  Cosmo 
de  Medici, 
duke  of  Tus- 
ciuiv. 

1510.  ■  Inve.;i- 
tin'o  of  .Mi- 
hm  con-!er- 
red  hv  Cliar- 


Ottoman 

Empire. 


W'.ir  in  alliaii 
airaii.s:  Frai 


with  Fiiirlai.il 


1545 


!)ft  of  WrroH. 

War  of  iheSirial.-aldists 


Duke  Maurice,  elector  of  Saxo- 
•■7 


Philip. 


1545.    Cmincil 
t,f  Trtnl. 


1526.  Invasion 
of  Hungary. 

1529.  Invasion 
0!  (iermanv. 
—Siege  01 
Vienna. 

The  Otto- 
man    navy 
formidable 
under     the 
commaiul  o! 
Barbarossa  : 


1535.  — who 
seizes      Tu 
nis.  -^—  Thi 
emperor. 
Charles  '  V. 
restore.s    tlit 
Moorish 
kin''. 


1511.  Destruc- 
tion ipf  an  ar- 
inamenl.  led 
by  Charlrs 
V.  aL'an.st 
Al-ier.s. 


1517.    The 
Turks    in- 
vade Persia, 
anil  ca|>ture 
I.spahan. 


The   World,  elsewhere. 


152.3.  Sweden  : — Revolt  under 
G  u  s  t  a  V  u  s  V  a  s  a . — The 
Danes  expelled. — Union  ol 
Calmar  dissolved. 

Denmark  and  Norway 

— Frederic  I.^g 

1025.  Albert,  duke  of  Prussia 


1530.     Malta     give; 
knights  of  Rhodes 


15J2.   Union  of  Norway   a«vl 
Denmark. 


153:?.    Conquest    of    Pe- 
ru,   by  Cortes. 


Russia:— Ivan  IV.,  (the 
Terrible). 


1535.  Cones  discovers  Califor- 
nia. 


1513.   First   standing  army  in 
Swe.len. 


1515.  South  America  :—MlllM 
of  I'oto.-i  discovered. 


15  H.  Poland  :—Sisisniund  II, 
§J (A  jgUitUiX 


io6 


THE   world's    progress. 


1549  A.D. 


Prooress  of  SociEyv,  eic. 


Scaliger,  Pliiijlogist. 
Monlaigne,  French  Es-sayist. 


1558 


Cardan,  Italian  philosopher. 


Sealing  wax  comes  into  use 
in  Europe. 


Founclaiion  of  Jesuit  (JoIIeses 
111  opposi'ioa  to  Piotesiant 
Schools.  The  first  at  Co- 
imbra,  in  Portugal. 


On!y  two  carriases  in  Paris — 
horses  anJ  litters  fjcierally 
used. 


Snuff  first  brousht  into  France. 
— Knives  tirst  made  in  Eng- 
land. 


Torquato     Tasso     Guarini, 
pouts. 


Camaens,  Portuguese  poet. 


{Thomas  I'allis,  English   mu 
siciau. 


1:^9.  The  English 
Z,iturgy  comple- 
ted and  establish- 
ed by  act  of  Par- 
liament 

loThi.  Xorthumoer- 
land  intrigues  to 
settle  the  crown  on 
Lady  Jane  Grey, 
his  daughter-in- 
law. 

—  Mary  .^g  — 

Catholicism  re- 
-stored. 

loul.  The  queen 
marries  Philip,  of 
Siiain. — Lord  Dud- 
ley and  Lady  Jane 
Grey  e.xecuted. 

Lwo.  Ulooiiy  perse- 
cution of  Protes- 
tants. 

1557.    War  with 
France  to  support 
Spain. — Calais 

Eliza- 


1558. 


Cecil,  Lord 
Burleigh.  Secreta- 
tary  of  State. 

Protestantism 
established. 

The  Puritans 
begin  to  rise. 


lalJS.  — .MaiT.  queer 
of  Scots,  takes  re 
fu!:e  in  England— 
and  is  imj-.risoiied 

15711.  Civil  wars  o 
the  Desmonds  it 
in  Ireland. 


SCOT. 
LAND. 


1560.  Ca- 
iholic- 
isai  abo- 
lished 
by  par- 
liament. 
15tj5. :  - 
Mary 


ma 


ries 


Lord 
Dain- 

15(55. :  — 
Rev.dt 
of  Pio- 


tes 


ints 


Daraley 

murder- 
ed— the 
queen 


rries 


earl  of 
Both- 
well— is 
dethron- 
ed   and 
impri- 
soned at 
Lochle- 
ven. 

James 


1570.  :- 
Lenno,\ 
regent. 


1552.  Fifth  war 
with  Char- 
les V. 


Spain  and 
portuqau 


1557.  The 

French  defeat- 
ed  at  St. 

Quentin. 

1558. — at  Gra- 
velines. 

15.59.  Peace  of 

Chateau — 

Catnbresis. 


-F  r  ;i  n  c  i ; 


II 


^5 


Duke    of 
Guise,   min- 
ister. 
1560— Char- 
les IX. @ 

1,562.  Keligious 
liberty  grant- 
ed 10  the  l!u- 
suenols. 

First  civil 
relisious    war 
— lluitiienots 
supported     by 
England  — de 

leiited  at 
Dreux. 

1567,   The  se- 
cond war. — 
Iluituenots 
defeated     at 
St.  Denys. 


1509.  — routed 
at  Jarnac. — 
C  0  n  d  e 
killed. 


1554.      Ccrcan, 
in  India,  lost. 

1556.  Charles 
abdicates— 

Philip    n.^ 

1557.  Portu- 
gal : — Sebaa- 


1564.  Acquisi- 
tion of  the 
Philippines 


1567.  Duke  ol 
Alva,  gover- 
nor of  th( 
Netherlands. 


:.70.    War 
wnh  the 
Turks.— Na- 
val    victorj 
at  Lepaata 


i;7i  A.D. 


A  CIIRONOLOGICAI.  RECORD. 


lo; 


Treaty  of  Passau  secures  reli- 
eious  libeny  to  Uie  Prutes- 
iants. 

Fruitless  siege  of  Mentz 


li)o6 :  Charles  abdicates. 


:»wa  — F  6  r  (1  i  n  a  n  (1    I  .%'^ — 
kin;,'  iif  Hungary  and  Ujhe- 
inia. 
Corimati')n  by  the  pope  relin- 
quished. 


— M  t:  X  i  ni  1 1 1  a  n  II.  ^  ■ 


1550.   .lulius 
111.,  pope. 


1555.     Marcel- 
lusll,.  pope, 
Paul   IV.. 
(Caralla) 
rope. 


I5.":i.  Piu.s  IV. 
(.Medici) 
poi>(!. 

Peace  ol 
Cliat.au    — 
Canibi-er^is 
tcnniuaie.-J 
the     French 
wars  in  Iialv. 
Tranquil- 
li;y  lor  DG 
vcais. 

i.Vv.J.  Council 
ol  TriT,:  re- 
a.s.-:enil,led. 


On  O.MAN 

Fj.MPlUE. 


The  VV  jrld,  elsewhere. 


1551.  Tripoli 
taken  iVom 
tlie  Maltese 
knights. 

1552.  Invasion 
of  Flunjrary. 

155:1  War  Willi 
Per.-<ia. 

Building  of 
the  mosque 
of  Solyman- 
yah,  at  Con- 
stantinople. 


1553-       New       .Me.\ico     dl 
covered  by  the  Spaniard 


3V^.  India:— .Telaloddin  Ak- 
lar,  a  patron  of  science  and 
ilerature.  aided  by  his  min- 
isters, Abu  I'uzl  and  Sheikh 
Faizi. 

— rai.ses  the   ]\Io2id  em 
pire  to  its  greatest  splendor. 


15.19.     Naval 
vicloi'y    of 
Calves  !:ani 
eil   by    Dra- 
gui. 

INIiliiary 
power    A 
the  Tin-ks  at 


1559.  Denmark  and  Norway 

—  Frederic  II. @ 

Decrease  of  ilie  influence 
of  the  llanse  towne. 

1,-)G0.  Sweden :— Eric  XIV.  W 


hrlL-l,..       un 
derSolinian 


1502.  War  with  Russia  and 
I.Vm.      Uiisuc-        l',,|,inil.  — An     rn.'^.sli    am- 

cesslul  sirge       l,,,..,sador  in  Pe-..ia. 

"I  Malia  i.-jC).  (:,,:i-nv   „Ln\<  a   colony 

\r.i;i;.  Oeaih  ol[      ,,r  IIulmicoo!,"    lo   FlorJda- 

iSoiini.an     ai  |      ,lp-in.vrd  liy  die  Spani.ards 

111';    sir-r  ol    i.-,Gs.  Prussia: -Albert  Frede 


Sweden:-  John  IM. 


1.5r,i;.  Pius  V. 

pop,.. 

I5(i'.l.  Fl.u-ence 
a  arand  du 
chy 

de     -Medi-!      <g^ 

Ci,  ileclarrd 
f;ranl  .Ink.- 
of  Tu-canv. 
by  Pius  v; 


1570.      War    ',f    \'' nil  ■•    with    1570    Pmcc  ol   «i<iin.  between 
llv;   i'oi-f.      I    -  D.oninrk,       .N.away,      and 

1-71.  Cvi.ru,rc.!or  ■-:  bv  tb-l      Swrdm. 

ini;..'  .I.-.71     Ku  -lao;.  vasialedby  tin 

r,, ;::].•.  :'|      kli.in   ol    Ciiin    Tariary.- 
!.■:],,,  ,:  ..  Slu.cow  burnt. 


io8 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1572  A.D.- 


1573 


tor? 


13S8 


Progress  of  Society,  etc. 


Cervantes,    auihor    of    Don 

Quixotte. 
Titian,  and  Paolo    Veronese, 

painiers. 


67r  Francis  Drake's  voyage 
round  the  world. 


Sir  Philip  Sydney's  Arcadia. 


Gregorian  Reformation  of  tlie 
Calendar. 


Greenland  discovered  by   Sir 
Francis  Drake. 


Tobacco  first  brought  10  Eu- 
rope. 


First  newspaper  in  England. 


Telescopr's    invented   by  Jan- 
sen,  a  German. 


Tasso,  Italian  poet. 
The  Carracci,  celebrated  pain- 
ters. 

In   Ensland  : — .'Spenser, 
S  H  A  K  .s  p  E  A  R  E ,  Benu- 
inimt  &c  FU'.tdier,  Pen  Jon- 
srin. — Xajiier  invents  loga- 
rit/iins. 


Lord   IJACON,  celebrated  i)hi- 
los,j|)li.-r. 

Lopi:   de    Vf:ga.   dramas    and 
novels. 

Kepler,    Tycho  Brake,  astro- 
nomers. 


1578.  The  queen 
sends  lielp  to  llie 
revolted  Nether- 
lands. 


1533.  Levant  Ci 
pany  cliarieretl 

1 581.  Raleigh's 
lony  in  V'frginia, 


co- 


15S5.    War  with 
Sjjain. 

15SG.  Sir  Philip 
Sidney  killed  at 
Zuiplien. 

1537.  The  Queen  of 
Scots  belieaded. 

1588.  The  SiJanisli 
armada  destroyed. 

1589.  Alliance  with 
Henry  II.  in  aid 
of  Proiesiantism. 
— Troops  sent  to 
France. 


l.')90.  :— 
(The 

l.')9.3.    Act   for    reli-!  marries 
ious   coiilormity 


Scot- 
land. 


1581.  :— 

Gow- 

ne's 

onspi- 

racy 

against 

tliB  king. 


1572.  Massacre 
of  St.  Bar- 
tholomew. 

1573.  Peace  of 
Uochelle. 

1574.  —II  e  n  - 

ry  III.^ 
Fil'ili  war 
with    the    Hu- 
guenots 

1576.  Tlie   Ca- 
tholic 
League. 

1577.  Sixth  re- 
ligious war. 


Spain  and 

POKTOaAI.. 


f\uiie,  of 
Den- 


Um.SirJohnHaw-   '"•"'k- 
kin.rs  Vov 


15;(li.  Cadiz  taken, 
and  the  Si)anish 
lleet  burnt,  liv  the 
earl  of  Esse.v. 

Sir  Uubtrt  Cecil, 
minister. 


1509,  Troubles  in 
Ireland  :  —  Revolt 
of  O'Neill,  earl  of 
Tyrone. 


1538  Revolt  of 
Paris. 

1589.  House 
of  Bour- 
bon; 

— H  E  N  R  Y 

IV. ft — 

159  1.  Sie^'e  of 
Paris,  raised 
by  the  Spa- 
niards, 

1593.  Henry 
abjures      Pro- 
testantism. 

1594.  Jesuits 
banished. 

1595.  War  with 
Spain  con- 
tinued. 

1598.  Peace  of 
Vervius. 

Ministry  of 
Sully: — 
restoration 
of  order. 
Edict  op 
Nantes 
— granting 
toleration  to 
Protestants. 


Henry. ^g- 

1580.  Portugal 
lalls  unuei 
Spanish  do- 


1588.  Defeat  of 
the  Spanish 
armada. 

1589.  English 
volmiteers 
under  Drake 
and    N  orris, 
repulsed 
from  Lisbon. 


159S.    Philip 
III    W  -- 


1599  A.i). 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


109 


R  0  d  o  1  p  h     II  .^ — 

kin?  of  Uulieiiiia  ami  Hun- 
gary 


157:^.   Gresory 
XIII.,  pope. 

1573.  Cyprus 
yielded  to 
the  Pone ; 
1574  Florence : 
— Frances  iMa- 
ria  succeeds 
Cosmo. 


Orxo.MAN 

E.'MPIUK. 


The  imperinl  authority  disre- 
iianleil  Ijy  the  prince.^  of  the 
empire,  who  wage  war 
atn'mi;  thu  tiselves. 


Union  of  Protectants  at  Heil- 
bronn. 


1580,  Charles 
Emmanuel, 
duke  of  Sa 
voy. 


555,    Sixtus 
v..  pope, 
active    and 
ejiergetic — 
Corrects 
alju-e.s   in 
tlie  church  ; 
n-siores    the 
Vaiicim     li- 
brary. 


1590.   Urban 
VII..  pope. 

fJre-ory 
XIV.,  ,,ope 

15'.(1,    In.iorcnl 

IX,  pope, 

two  inoiiihs. 

Clement 

VIII..  pope. 

l.V.r.'.  Tlie  Ki. 
alto  and  I'i- 
:uza  di  San 
M.irco  bnili 
at  Venice. 


peace  with  Ve- 
nice. 
1571.  — .Murad 


1576.  War  with 
I'ersia. 


1580,Warwith 
the  Druses 
in  Syria. 

15S.'!.    First 
trade  with 
Ell^land. 


15S0.  Predato- 
ry  incur- 
sions of  the 
Cossacks. 

Revolt  of 
tlie  Janiza- 
rirs. 

I5'.).j  Warwiih 
the  Ilmpire 
in  Ilnnuarv. 

bV.U    'I'll.' 
C.r.uvl     Vi- 
y.uu-   lakr.s 
Kaa!i. 

1.5;i5.    .Moliam- 

me.l  lll.^"^ 
'rurkL-h 
jiower   in 
Il'm-aryde. 
clines;      de- 
liaied  at 
(;nm-re- 
voiiol   Wal- 
larhia. 
15'.l7.    Moham- 
med leads  his 
iroop.s,   and 
deleaiH    ilie 
GermaiiH   at 
Agria. 


The  World,  elsewhera. 


1571   Poland  :— Henry,  of  Va 

loi.s.# . 

1575     Poland:— Stephen     Ba- 


578.  Alliance  of  Sweden  and 

PoUmd  acainst  Russia. 
157'.).   C  0  m  m  e  n  c  e  m  e  n  t 
o  f  t  h  e    R  e  p  u  Ij  1  i  c    o( 
IIOI.LANU,  by   llie   union 
at  I'lrecht : 

William,  Prince 
of  Orange,  siadthol- 
(ler. 

1581.  North  America: 
—  First  Faiglish  colony  found- 
ed in  Virginia,  by  Sir  W. 
Raleigh. 

1585  Persia  acquires  power 
under  Abbii8  the  Great. 

Holland:  —  Maurice,  o( 
Oraijije,  siadtbolder. 

15.SIJ  liallleof  Zuiphen:  death 
ol'  Sir  Philij)  Sichiey. 

15S.?.    Ileiimark  :  — Christian 


1591;.   Sweden  :  — Sigisniund, 
kins:  ol   I'ul.md. 

India: — Mi/.am  Sliah,  re, 
pulsed  from  Choul,  by  iht 
I'onntruese. 

1591.   The    Falkland  Isles  dif. 
covered  liv  Hawkins. 

1595.  The  D'utch  first  in  Indiv 
Sweden  :-  The  regent  as- 
sumes    independi'iit    autlil>- 
rity. 


1598.    Russia:  — lioris    Godn 

iiov.^C^ begir.f>  a  now 

dvii.i-iy. 

SiL'i-^mnnd  land?  in  Swe 
den.  10  re-esialihsh  lii.s  pow 
er— hut  IS  defeated,  and  f- 
turns  to  Poland. 


no 


THE   world's   TROGRESS. 


1 60 1  A.D.- 


1 

A  D. 

Proqkbss  op  Society,  etc. 

America. 

1602 

English  East    India    Compa- 
ny rouhile_ 

1 
/ 

Grportation  o    Eng.ish  wool 
prohibited. 

1604.—  Acadia   co- 

lonized   by    the 

French. 

1603 

Conference  at  Hampton  Court. 

1604 

New   Tr.inslation  of  the.    Bi- 
hliihpgun-A\)\M\<^\\p<\  1611). 

1606 

Dr.  Gilbert  discovers  the  pow- 

1606. —  Discovery 

er  of  electricity,  and  of  con- 

of Hudson's  Bay. 

ductors  and  non-conductors. 

1607.— E  n  g  1  i  s  h 
settlement  at 
yi  a  m  e  s  t  0  w  n  , 

''^(Ist     permanent 

one  in  N.  Ame- 

rica.) 

1608. -Quebec 

founded. 

1609. -Jesuit   mis- 

i$W 

Telescopes  invented  by  Gali- 
leo. 

sions     in    Para- 
guay. 

1614.       New    Am- 
sterdam   settled 
by  the  Dutch. 

1615 

Coffee  at  Venice. 

1616 

Tobacco  in  Virginia. 

1616.— The  Tobac- 
co plant  introdu- 

Bacon's   Inductive   Philoso- 

ced   into    Virgi- 

phy. 

nia. 

161S 

Harvey  discovers  the  cirn<.'a- 
tion  of  t)ic  blood. 

I62U 

Theniioineleis    invented    by 

16-20.— Negro 

Drehel. 

slaves    first    im- 

Inigo  Jones,  celebrated  archi- 

Ironed  to   Virgi- 

tect. 

nia. 

Martin  Opitz,  German  poet. 

E  m  1  g  r  a  - 

/ 

Negro  Slaveri/  co  v  nienceil  in 
Virginia. 

t  I  0  a    0  f    Pu- 
ritans   to 
New        Eng- 
land. 
16-21.  —.John    Car- 
ver,   1st    Gover- 
nor of  N.  E. 

i624 

Peter  Paul  Rnhens,  painter. 

I6i^j 

Massinger,  the  dramatist. 

1026 

Kepler's  '•  A.st:  moinia   Nova 
Celestis." 

Torricelli  invents  the  barome- 
ter. 

1627 

Tlie  Parian  marbles  brought 

1627.  Boston  found- 

to   England  by  the  earl  of 

ed. 

Ar  mdei. 

1620.  Wouter  Van 

1030 

Gazettes    first    publi.shed    in 

Twiller.      gover 

Venice. 

nor  of  New  Am- 
sterdam. 

1601.  Earl  of  Essex  be- 
headed. 

1603.— James    I.^— 
Union    of    the 
English     and 
Scotch     crowns. 

1605.    The     Gunpowder 
Plot. 


1612.  English  factories  at 
Surat. 


16U;.  Ministry  of  Villiers, 
duke  of  Buckingham. 

1617.  Sir  Francis  Bacon, 
lin'd  chancellor. 

16  IS.    Sir     Walter     Ra- 
leigh's   unsuccessful 
V(]yage    to    America — 
he  is  beheaded  on  his 
return. 


16-25.— Charles  1  .^ 

Buckingham,  prime 
minister. 

1527.  War  with   France, 


1629.  No  parliarr.ent  for 
eleven  years. 

1630.  Peace  with  France. 


1610.    Assassi- 
nation of 
Henry    IV., 
by     Kavail- 
lac. 

Louis 

XIII, .^ 

(9  years  old). 
Mary  de  Me- 
dici, regent. 

1614.  East  as- 
sembly of  the 

States-gene- 
ral. 

1615.  The  king 
marries 
Anne,  of 

Austria. 

Civil  war: — 
C  o  n  d  e 
heads  the 
Hugue- 
nots. 


1624.  Ministry 
of  Cardinal 
Richelieu. 


1  support  of 
the  Hugue- 
nots. 

Rochelle 
reduced  by 
famine  —  af- 
ter a  sic^c  of 
ten    months. 


l6^0  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD, 


II  I 


Spain 

AND 

Portu- 
gal. 


j6oj;Expu!- 
\mim   of 
!     the 
Muors. 

1613  War    of 

I     the 
Mom- 


Diiich 
war. — 
Spiiia 

8U|)- 
pui-;s 
Aii--lri.-i 
I'liliip 

IV.^ 

I,lin:i, 


JDu-.-li 


wi:h 

I'fUC.O 

v/iih 
Eiii?- 
lanJ. 


ICOG.   Truce  of  Co- 
iiKirra.  fnr  twenty 
yearri,    wiiii    tlie 
I'l.ne. 

laig,     Prote-lant 
union,  un  liT  Fre- 
liiTic,   t!ie    t'lectiir 
lialaiine. 

lOln.  The  Caiholic, 
Lcaiiui;.  uiiiler  the 
duke  of  Uavaria. 

UUJ.  >I  a  t  I  li  j  a  s  . 


nil.).  Truce  of  Co- 
iii'irra  coiifiniieii. 

im-'.  Tlie  Tliiriy 
V  e  a  r  s  '  \V  a  r 
brsin<. 

Ii;i',i.-rerilina  ii.l 

Il.'l^f 

ir,:.'()  Vicinrv  of  ihc 
Whr."  M-'umaiii. 
i.rar     I'raL'Mp. 

I'laiMie.— Tlie  Pro- 
le'aiit  reliL'ioii  to- 
tally su|nu(:sseil. 


liVf,  Virinrv.,rTi  I 

Iv  nv,.,-  Chll  M  1 
IV.  ni  l),-,,;narl. 
;i'  I.M'Ti-. 
I'V;-  Wa  I  ieiMiei 
r.Tnv.T--  ail  Ml 
,-hiri--  iji  111.'  I!  , 
N.-.    r-,rfi,l     S-ra 


'i."J  (Jir^iavu-  A.ImI- 
|il.ii-'  'an. I-  III  C.vi 
in  Miv.  -  Dlrl  ol 
Kal  'm.i,.  --  .\Va!- 
In;  ■,11,  (!l  nil-  r.l. 
Hl|r,:,.r,l,.,l    |,y    Til- 


vm.  Leo  XI. 
pojie. 

Paul  V. 

p.il)e. 


IGOO.Tuscany : 
— Cosmo  II. 


I,P!rhnrn, 

the    eiiij)ori- 

uiu    ol     thi: 

Levant  trade. 


!C1S.  Conspi- 
racy of  lied- 
inar.  Ilie 
Spani.-^li  en- 
voy, to  re- 
duce Venice 
nndiT  suh- 
i.'Clinil  to 
Spam. 

in.'P  Creiorv 
XV.,  pope.' 
Tii-^raiiv:  — 
frr.linai'idll. 

!•;;:!.  'I'lie  fi- 
moiHliliravv 
nf  the  Pala- 
inia  ai  lli'i- 
liniiri--.  sent 

In   Kniuo, 

KVi-^  (leiirral 
lali.iii  war 
on  liie  dealli 
of  ihi'  duke 
n|  Manilla. 


Ottoman 

E.MPUIB. 


IG0.5.  Revolt  in 
Syria  and 
Caramania, 
under  the 
pa~ha   of 
Aleppo. 

IGUti.    Com- 
mercial 
treaty  with 
France    and 
Holland. 

Tohacco 
fiiPt  broti:;h: 
to  Turkey 


IG17.  -Musta- 

plia  I.^- 

1G13.  — tVinan 

n# 

(i ir.it  I'er- 

ai  Sliil'li. 
llL'ii  War  with 
Poland,   and 
ini-ncci'--'- 
rul   niv.i-ii.n 
of  Poland. 

1G;.>:!.    Mnrad 

IV.  f^ 

rc.-^iorr-;  iran- 
(pidliiy. 

IG;.",.    Truce 
widi  ihi-rni- 


Thk  World,  elsewhere. 


IGOI.  Sweden :  Charles  IX. 


IG05.    India :  — Jehangir,    sal- 
tan. 


1C(W.  India  :— Arrival  of  Haw- 
kins,    lirst    Knalish    envaiy 
from   the    Ea.-^t  India  Com- 
pany. 
Sv/edcn  :  — G  u  s  t  a  v  u  s 

A  d  0  1  p  li  u  s  .  \^ — 

IGil.  Sweden: — War  wiih 
Denmark. — Cahnar  and  IJi.s- 
by  lo.-it.— Axel  Oxenstiern, 
niini.ster. — Uiissia  devasta- 
ted by  Poles  and  Tartars. 

Russia: — Michael    Ko- 
nianolf,  c/.ar. 

IGIT).  Denmark:— First  stand 

iiez  armv 
IGIG.  India':— SirThoinas  Rof 

amiiassador  from  .(anie.s  I 

of  Lmd.inl. 

Sweden  predominates  in 

the  iionli. 
1GI8.   77//;   Si/notl  of   Dorl- 

Anniniiia  condenuied. 
Si'iilrmriii  (d'  T.uiciuebar, 

in  Coromandrl. 

1(V21    Diiich  West  India  Cv)m- 

panv  iiicoriKUaied. 
\l'ii:i.  Per  la  :-- Orinuz  traried 

li'Mii  ilir  Pornuiiese   bv   ."le 

lu-lp  ,.f  ih.'  Knulish. 
IG:-'.'..     Nelherl.ind.s:  —  He-,ry 

Ki<d:rjc.-I!reda,  taken  bj 

SpiMOl.l. 

ir,:.'7.  Penia:— Shall  Soofj  I. 
HV."J.  IVi  ce  of  Lubeck. 


112 


THE   world's   progress. 


1630  A.U.- 


!630 
1631 


Lotteries  for  money  first  men- 
tioned. 

Calico  first  imforted  into  Eng- 
land. 


1636 


lli38 
1G39 


164^ 


Edward  Co^e,  the  great  ju- 
rist. 

Pedro  Calderon  de  la  Barca, 
Spanish  dramatist. 

Flourishing  period  of  flower 
trade  in  the  Dutch  cities. 


Rembrandt.  Van  Dt/ko,  pain- 
te  rs. 


Tlie   Jansenists,  founded   hy 
.lansenuis,  bishop  ol'  Ypres. 
Printing  in  America. 

First  Swedish  manufactories. 
Persin,  Ca.'ipar,  Dag/iet,  ami 

Claude    Lorraine,    Frencli 

painiers. 


Coffee  brought  to  England  by 
Nat.  Conopius. 


Cor.d^  and  Turenne,  the  great- 
est generals  of  the  age. 


The  Dutch  sole 
masters  ol  Bra- 
zil. 
1632.  Maryland 
settled  by  a  colo- 
ny under  Lord 
Baltimore. 


1635.  Connecticut 
settled.  — Guada- 
loupe  anil  Mar- 
tinique, by  ihe 
French. 


IG.37.  Maine  and 
New  Hampsiiire 
colonized. 

Harvard  Col- 
lege (bunded. 


16-39.  First  print- 
ing office  in  Ame- 
rica, at  Cam- 
bridse,  by  Sam. 
Green. 

1640.  Whole  num- 
ber of  emigrants 
to  New  England 
previous  10  this, 
•21,000. 


1643.      Confedera- 
tion of  t'lie  colo- 
nies   of     New 
England,    for 
mutual  defence. 


1630.  Wentworth,  earl  of 

Stralfonl,  njinister. 
Laud,  archbishop  of 

Canterbury. 
1633.    The     king     visits 

Scotland  —  is  crowned 

at  Edinburgh. 


[637.  Troubles  in  Scot- 
land, caused  by  Char- 
le.s's  plan  to  overthrow 
the  Scotch  Presby- 
terian church,  and  to 
enforce  episcopacy. 

1630.  War  with  Scotland. 

1640.  Parliament  assem- 
bled—  dissolved  wiih- 
out  effeciing  any  thing. 
The  Scotch  invade 
England— take  posses- 
sion of  Newcastle. 

The   Long  Parlia- 
ment, Nov.  3. 
Imiieachment  of  Straf- 
ford and  Laud. 


1641.  Strafflu-d  beheaded. 
—Conns  of  Star  Cham- 
ber and  nigh  Commis- 
sion abolished.— Rebel- 
lion of  Roier  Moore  in 
Ireland.  — ^Massacre  of 
Protestants  by  Irish  Ca- 
tholics. 

1642.  Civil  W  a  1  and 

Revolution  . 

Rise  of  Roundheads 
and  Cavaliers,  toth  of 
the  popular  party. — 
Battle  of  Edgehill,  inde- 
cisive. 

1613.  Royalists  victorious 
at  Carlsarane — defeated 
at  Newbury. — Solemn 
league  and  covenant  be- 
tween the  Scotch  and 
English  parliaments. 


1631.  Treaty 
with  Swo 
den  and  th» 
popular  prin- 
ces against 
the  emper 
or. 

1635.  Alliance 
with  Holland 

against  Spain, 
lor  the  pai- 
tition  of  the 
Austrian  Ne- 
therlands. 

1636.  Alliance 
withSweder. 
against  Aus- 
tria. 

Invasion  o( 
Gascony    hy 
the    Span 
iards,  and  of 
Picardy,   \)y 
the     Impit- 
rialisis.  w\jo 
threaten  Pa- 
ris. 
1638.  Invasion 
of  Spain, 
siege  ol  Fon- 
tarabia. 

1610.  Turin  ta- 
ken by  the 
French. 

The  first 
Louis  d'ora 
struck. 

1641.  Alliance 
with  Portu- 
gal against 
Spain. — Ca- 
talonia and 
Rousillon  re- 
volt, and  sub- 
mit to  France. 

1642.  Cinq 
Mars  and  de 
Thou     be- 
headed. 

1643. -L  GUIS 

(the  Great.) 
Anne,    of 
Austria,  re- 
gent. 

Victory  ol 
Roscroi  ovei 
the   Sjjan- 
iards,   by 
Conde. 

Ministry  o 
Cardinal  M» 
zarine. 


1 643  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


II 


Spain 

AND 

Portu- 

Germany. 

gal. 

IG: 

1.  Sack-  of 

Ma<r 

I 

ebiuL'.   Ijy 

Ti.llv 

— (;us[Hvus 

A.ldl 

1 

.hus    lakes 

Mav 

I'nrlu- 

g.il    re- 

i-'aii  s 

her 

ilepn.i- 

(leiire, 

unili;r 

John  IV 

.Itiku    0 
Urajraii 


in- 


Mraih  01'  Tilly,  at 
I.ich.  —  Gusiavus 
lak,-:^  Munich. — 
\V,i!  eii-Tiii  iiMiii 
iiic'iiiiinaii.l  —Hat- 
i',:'  of  I.iuzeu. — 
\"ir;orv  aii.l  iluaih 
i>l  (;iis:avu<  A.lul- 
phii-. 

IG  j.i.l'care  oTPracue 
v.-ji!i  Saxony. 

l()-'!i).  Swe.iles  victo- 
ri'iu^  .11  Wiitstiick. 

IG:J7.— Fcnliiiuiul 

Ill.f^ 

fialas  successful 
!iL'aiu<i  Ih.-Swcilcs. 
IG:i.s.  licniliar.l.  i.f 
Sixe  Wci.iir.r,  de- 
l.ats  !lif  Iiriprrial- 
is's.at  lih.'U.licId— 
takc-^  liii-ac. 

k;:!'.)  ii,ai!irs  ..r  oi- 

i.i:/.  ;iii  1  liraiidiez, 
LMIIl.li  hv  ih.^Swu- 
di-h  L'ri.rnil,   liau- 

IGlM,  I'rus-ia-— Fre- 
deric William. 


iG!:i  TlicSw,Ml,.sdf 
i'.ii  !l;r  ..Xusiriau: 
al  l.c,,..ic,. 


fin.  — invadn  IIol- 
sirjn.  and  compcd 
111.;  l),-ii.'Htoilcsert 
Au--ina. 


Ottoman 
Empire. 


1C31.  Peace  of 
Chierasco.— 
The      influ 

ence  of  France 
increases. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1634.Murad  ir 
vades  Pei- 
sia  —  lake? 
Falreeze. 


1640.  Ibraliim. 


1642.  Recap- 
ture of  Azoph 
from  the  Cos- 
sacks. 


'.632.    Sweden  :  —  Christina 

queen  ^^ 

1632.  Sweden  : —  Oxenstiem 
regent. 

Russia  :— War  with  Pi>- 
land ;  twc  years'  siege  ol 
Smolen.'ko.-  Russian  arinv 
capiiuiates,  and  the  Polish 
kins  advances  lo  Moscow. 

1634.  Peace  of  Wiasma,  disad- 
vantageous t3  Russia. 


1639.  Holland.  —Great  na  lal 
victory  by  Van  I'romp, ever 
the  Spanish  fleet  id  the 
Downs. 


16-10.  I.ndia :— Matlraa  fo-aided 
by  the  Engli.sh 


114 


THE    WORLD  S    TROGRESS. 


1644  A.D.- 


nm 


Pkoqress  op  Society,  etc. 


Des  Cartes,  French  philoso- 
pher. 

Air  ffuns  invented. 


Engraving  in  mezzctinto.  im- 
proved by  Prince  Rupert. 


Railroads  with  leccden  rails, 
near  Nev^casile. 


Jeremy   Taylor,  Alger.   Sid- 
ney, English  writers. 


Le  Seur  and  Le  Brun,  French 
painters. 


ISoi  -!/r7>i(?«ps  invented. 


About  this  time  flourish  Mo- 
litre,  La  Kontaine,  Cor 
neille.  Ala^iarae  de  Sevi^ 
ne.  Rochefoucault,  Iticine 
Boileau,  '  and  Pascal,  in 
France. 

YeUtiquez  and  Muri'lo,  Span- 
ish painters. 


1G16.    Thomas 
Mayhew,  preach- 
er 10  the  Indians, 
shipwreclced. 

1647.  Peter  Stuy- 
vtsaiit,  governor 
01  New  Amster- 
dam. 


IGIS,    Cambridge 
platform    adopt- 
ed. 


1649.  J.  Winthrop, 

governor  of  Coi> 
neciicui. 


1G50.  Settlement  of 
North  Carolina, 


1652.  John  Cotton 
died. 


1655.  E.   Winslotc 
died. 


Great  Hritain. 


1644.  Battle  of  Mar.?ton 
Moor— royalists  defeat- 
ed, 

1645.  Battle  of  Naseby. 

1646.  The  king  seeks  1 
luge   in     the     Scottish 
camp. 

1647.  — is  delivered  tip  to 
parliament  for  jE400.L)lni 


1643.  Cromwell  routs  ih' 
Scotch,   under   Ilamil 

ton. The     presbjie- 

rians  expelleil  Iroiii 
parliament,  which  re- 
ceives the  name  ol  "  the 
Rump." 

1649.  Trial  and  e.xecution 
of  the  king. 

The   COSIMONWEALTH. 

1650.  Croinwell  subdue< 
Ireland. 

The  Scots   proclaim 
Charles  11.     He 

1651.  enters  Eiiiiland — i^ 
defeated  at  Worcester, 
and  escapes  to  France. 

1652.  Naval    war    with 

Holland. H  lake. 

A  s  c  o  u  g  h  ,     and 

P  e  n  n  ,  English  ad- 
mirals. 

1653.  Long  jiarliameni 
dissolved      by     Cnuii- 

well. — "  Barebiuie's  par- 
liament "  sunimnnt'd. 

Oliver  Crom- 
well ,  L  o  r  d  Pro- 
tector. 

Milton,  private  secre- 
tary to  CromwKll. 

1654.  Peace  of  Westmin- 
ster.  .\lliance    with 

Holland. 


1655.  War  with  Spain. — 
.Jamaica  conquered  by 
Penn. 

1658.  Death  of  Cromwell, 
— R  i  c  h  a  r  d  Crom- 
well, Protector. 


:e4;.  Marsha 
T  11  r  e  n  n 
takes     iic 


1643,  Faction! 
of (he  Fron 
de  ;  dissen 
siiiiis  foment- 
ed hy  Canh- 

nal  d  e  R  e  i  z  , 

1649.  Court  re- 
move.s  to  St. 
Gernuims.  - 
Siege  ol  Pa- 
ns. 

lG5-,.i.  Co  nde , 
C  0  n  t  i ,  and 
1,0  n  g  ue- 
V  ill  e  ,  im- 
prisoned,— 
Torenne 
liees  to  tho 
Sj)aniards, 

16o',i.  .M  a  z  a  • 
r  i  11  e  retires 
10  Sedan, 
Conde    flies 
to  Spain. 

1653.  Mazarine 
enters  Paris 
in  triumph. 


1659.  Peace  c( 
the  Pyre- 
nees,—  Mar- 
riase  of  Lou- 
is XIV^  to 
Maria  The- 
resa, of  Spun 


1659  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


115 


■ 

Spain 

AND 

Ottoman 

4.D 

POIITD- 

Germany, 

Italy. 

Empire. 

The  W  orld,  elsewhere. 

CAL. 

IMA.      Invasion     of 

1614.  Innocent 

1044,    Xava!  victory    of    th« 

Hungary,    by  Ra- 

X.,  pope. 

Swedes    over    the    Danish 

coezi — the   empe- 

fleet. 

ror  forced  to  yield 

1645.\Var  with 

1045,   Sweden  .'—Peace  of 

to  the  demands  of 

Venice. 

Bromsebro  with  Denmark 

tiie  proiesian.^j. 

1646.  Revolt  of 
Naples,    un- 
der    M  a  s  - 
s  a  n  i  e  1 1  0  . 

Candia,    the 
theatre  of 
war. 

1647.  Netherlands;- Wiiliare 
II. 

China: — The  Tartars 
place  a  prince  of  their  own 
on   the   throne— the  first  0) 
the  present  dynasty  ofTsing. 

1&48.  Peace    op 

1648.   Moham- 

I64S,   Poland  :— The   Ukraine 

Westpha- 

med IV. 

Cossacks  revolt,  and  cut  the 

lia,    sii;ned    at 

Polish  army  to  pieces. 

Munster,    between 

^^ 

France,    the     em- 

—John  Cassimir.^g- 

pire,  and  Sweden. 

— Ttie  principle  of| 

a  balance  of  pow- 

er in  Eurojje  first 

recognized. 

1650.   Moham- 
med Riopri- 
11,  grand  vi- 
zier. 

leSS.Naval'rte- 
feat  by    the 
Venetians  in 
the  Archipe- 
lago. 

105.3,  Holland  : — J  0  h  n    d  • 
Witt,  Grand  Pensionary  ; 
D  e    R  u  y  t  e  I  ,    admiral. 

16,54.    Defeat    and    death    oj 

!  ■:.'  1 

lir.izil 

Tronip, 

r.T..v,T- 

Sweden: — Christina  re- 

(-1  lr<-r. 

signs.— Charles    X.,   1st    0'. 

Du'.-li 
War 

1055,    Alexan- 

the  Ilnu^eof  Denx  Pont^.tg 

i!er  VII., 

I'ol.iiid:— War  wiih  Rua 

v\  ;  ■  1 1 

lC<-7.  —  Leopold 

pop«. 

I(;,"i7 War  Willi 

sia. 

Iji;.'- 

1.4— 

i{ai-n,Zl.    Inr 

ir,'.7.  Denmark  :— War  ajrains 

hind. 

aii'inL'    Swe- 

the     Swedes-,    who    ovcrrur 

ilni     :iL'iinisi 

Iichiiiark,  and   nienace  C'l; 

I'olanil. 

pchliai.'en. 

10.'->.   Dcmnark  : — Naval  vir. 

tnry  over  llie  Swedes, 

Denmark  : — Peace  of  Ro» 

kildc. 

ii6 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1659  A.D. 


iGca 


Proghess  of  Society,  etc. 


1GG5 
IGGO 
iGGG 


Logwood  first  cut  in  the  bay 
01'  Honduras. 


Salvator     Jiosa,      landscape 
piiiiiter. 

\iruygens,  Dutch  astronomer. 

Persecution  of  Jaiisenists  in 

Trance. 
C/iain  shot  invented   by   De 

Witt. 
Canal  of  Languedoc.  from  the 
leuiterrane'an  to  the  Allan- 


Qobtlin  tapestry  manufactory 
in  Paris. 


1670 


1063.  Canada  made 
a  royal  colony. 


1GG3.  Elliot's  In- 
dian Bible  prin- 
ted. 

1GG4.  New  York 
occupied  by  the 
En^'hsh. 


1575 


Bayonets  invented  at  Bay 
oniie. 

Orrery  invented. 

I'ound.f.ion  of  the  Academy 
of  Arc/iitecture.  and  the 
Jfutel  des  Invalides,  at  Pa- 
ris. 

Cassini.  Italian  astronomer 
and  maiheiTiatician. 

D  Herlielot.  Pascal.  Bour- 
daloue.  Ln  Bruy  re,  Mai- 
branclie,  Frencli  writers. 

Christopher  Wren,  architect, 
cnninieiices  St.  Paul's. 

Ruysdael,  celebrated  Dutch 
painter. 

William  Temple,  historian. 

Butler,  Waller,  and  Dryden. 
Knglish  jioets;  Henry 
More.  Leighton,  Baxter. 
Boyle. 

Mansart.  architect ;  Giradon, 
sculptor,  of  France. 


1GG7.  —ceded  to 
them  by  the 
peace  of  Breda. 


107ii.  Conclusion  of 
the  •  American 
treat)  '    betweei 
Eusland  and 
Spam. 


1G7.").  ICinsr   Phi 
lip's  War   in 
New  Eniland. 


1G77.  Maine  pur- 
chased by  Massa- 
chusetts. 


1G59.  Richard  resigns.— 
Rump  parliament  call- 
ed, but  soon  expelled. 

Restoration    of 
the    Stuarts. 

1G60— Charles  11.^ 
Hyde,      earl      of 
Clarendon,     chancellor 
and  prime  mmister. 
IGGl.  New  parliiment. — 
Alliance  with  Portugal. 
IGGii.  Marriage   wiih   Ca- 
therine, o)  Portugal. 
Act  ol  Uniforniuy. 
Dunku'k   sold   to 
France. 

1G64.  War  with  Holland. 
IGGo.  Naval  victory  by  the 

duke  of  York. 

Great    Plague     in 

London. 

1G66.  Great  Fire  in  Lon- 
don. 


1GG7.  Peace  of  Breda, 
New    York    ceded 
England. 

Banishment  of   the 
earl  of  Clarendon. 

IGL'S.Tnple  league— Eng- 
land, Sweden,  and  Hoi 
land,  against  France. 

1670.    The     Cabal     min- 
istry.—Secret    treaty 
with  France. 


1G72.  War  with   Holland 
in  conjunction   with 
France. 

1673.  Ministry  of  Danby. 
Test  Act  passed. 

1674.  Peace  with  Ho'land. 


1678.  The  Pop  eh  Plot. 


1661.  Death  rf. 

Mazarine. 
Colbert, 
comptroller- 
general    of 
finance. 

Lvonr*. 
Le  Te'lUer. 
IGG-i.  Dispute* 
with  the  pope 
— GlXX)  troopi 
sent  again.st 
the  Turks  in 
Hungary. 
1GG4.    French 
East  India 
Company. 
1666.      Acade 
mie  des  Sci 
ences  Louvois 
lGG7.War  with 
Spain.   Lou- 
is claims 
Spanish  Ne- 
therlands for 
his  wile— in- 
vades     Bel- 
gium. 
IGGS.  Peace  o 
Aix  la  Cha 
pelle    with 
Spain. 
1672.  War  with 

Holland. 
IG73.    French 
ambassador 
at  Ispahan. 
1G74.  The 
Dutch    de- 
feated at  the 
battles  of 
Sinsheim 
and  Mulliaij- 
sen.— Tu- 
renne    rav* 
ges  the  Pala 
tinate. 
1675.  Death  ol 
Turenne    al 
Sashach. 

Inl'uencs 
of    Pere    la 
Chaise,    the 
king's     con- 
fessor. 
1677.  Victory 
over   the 
Prince    of 
Orange  at 
Mont-Cassel. 
167S.    Peace 
of   N i  m e • 
guen  with 
Holland  and 
Spain— re- 
stores   tiaj» 
quillity  V 
Europia. 


1678  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL.  RECORD. 


II 


iC'3 


Spain 

AND 

Portu- 
gal. 


Germany. 


Inva.^ion 
of   I'ur- 

lU2ual. 


V'ictory 
I'onu- 


5uSp..ll, 


n.#- 


'M'l' ,  I'onu- 


I.l-i)  111. 


11'^ 


1  wrii 
|Si,,iu 
IGG'J  I  .Ni'.iiM, 
•li-  .1.-- 

Spam. 
1^73   War 


1(;G3.  The  Diet  per- 
maiieiu  at  Kati.s- 
bon. 

l(jt;i.   Moiuecuculi 
vicuiriims  over  the 
Turks  ut  St.    Go- 
tliar.i. 


KiG.")  Tlie  Tyrol  uiii- 
ted  to  Austria. 


Otto.m.\n 
Emi'Ike. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


Ifj60.  Demark  :— Peace  of  Co 
1661.  War  periliacen.  —  Tlie    Swede* 

with    Aus-         restordUoriiholm,andDroii 
ti'iii-  thenii. 

Revolution  in  Denmark. 


Sweden  .--Charles    XI  !» 

Peace  of  Oliva. 

Prufssia  acknowledged  ir- 

dependent. 

16GU.  Pulaiid  :— Great  victory 

of   Mar.-^hal    J  o  h  n     S  0- 

b  i  e  s  k  i   over  the  Tartars 


1GG2.  Invasion 
of  Hungary. 


1GG7.   Clement 

IX.,  pope 
IGG'J.      Candia  taken  from  Ve 
I     nice  by  Kio 
pnli. 

Peace  with  the  Porte. 


1C07.  Holland  :— Peace  of  Bre- 
da :    los.-:    of   New    Nether- 

IGt;~!.     l-'ir.-^t    endiassies     from 

Ru-^.-ia  10  Fra:icc  and  Sp-iin. 

India:— Ri.-e  of  ihc   .Mah- 

ralia  power. — Sevajee  takes 

and  fack:<  Surat. 

1G70   Den,  :— Chri~:ian  V.^ 


1G7I).  Co.^mo 
III..  L'rand 
(hike  of  Tu.-^ 

cany. — War  \,,—  -,     c-        /•   1  .    1  .1 

b.-ua-ea  (;,-.    l'-7;'   Tiie  Sul-'"^'~-    S''''    fi"'"    '""we^'n    the 

,,,,..   .,',    I    tt,    '      i.,M  i,iv,,l,.  ■    i      Duich   llet'i,  uiid.-r    I)e  Wit: 

*''"'  i"^'"i*-     I      .„„|     „,.     |.„vi,.r.    and     the 

,,,,   I      KML'li^h  and  i'rench   l|.;et,-^- 

;-,,.!       Dnich  d.-feale.l. 

Ifi/'l'lirVMliof!      brnkl.     a:      I  ,„  '^ 

IGri.WarofAin^triai      .M.-i.ia  ni     !      Cliorznn.       [  Den.  :-\\  nll.ani  IM.^ 

.and  iM-.ince. 
1G7.V    Tar.-nne     and'      I' 


IVrand 
Clianent  X..    I''^-'!     -de 
j,„pe,  I      ed     bv 


I     o|,. 


p^,  ,-l 

K!ii'i-.     -~Vi.i,,rv 


>li-     Kn 


n;?).     Poland:— .Iwhp    Solne.-^ 
invade 


1G;G.     .M.-s-ma'  li;7G,    P.rn 

Ijlockadeil  l.y  I      /urawirr 
Ibe    Duicli     ;     wall  P'J:iijd.  ! 
andSpani.h  |'"7;.         l-    ^wcn 

ih-H.,  !  I    I   '■  ■  '  ■■-■ 

ni.'.-r    (jv.|ui  — ■      I),  adiof  1),:'  .'•  7 

rfv,<  lak.n,  liiivirr  IG7,>   Fira  w.ir       " 

I'uh     (;.-|l.T.d    ivv.df       lhN'..-..„I  \1    '       wi:li  Kn-u.        1 


;i.:     .if    ill.-    1, 
the    Sv.r<:c., 


..!■  lliiir.'..rMn^nii 
der  I'^nirri". 


pop,., 

I)i:aib  of  the 
aihri~i,  Sin- 
lioza 


if    !lie    ros 

^HCk--. 


3G 


ii8 


THE    world's    progress. 


l6So  A.D.- 


IG61 


10S3 


Progress  op  Society,  etc. 


ll59o 


Bernini,  lialiaii  -^culpuir. 

Museum  lor  Naiuiai  History, 
at  I,ondoii. 

Jardin  des  Platifcs,  at  Paris. 

Penny  post  CBiabiislied  iii  Lon- 
don. 

Keinpjer's  travels  in  Japan. 

John  Bunijait,  "  Pilgiiin's 
Progress.'* 


Otto  Von  Guericka,  inven- 
tor of  the  air-pump  and 
electrical  machine,  died. 

Telegraplis  mveiiied. 

Xewton's  Principia,  pub'.ij-h- 
ed. 

G.  Batt.  Lully.  Aom  Flo- 
rence, Ibuiider  of  French 
opera  music. 

Arch.  Corelli,  celebrated  vio- 
linist and  coin))o?er  at  Rome. 

While  paper  lir.^t  niade  in 
Fngland. 

Leibnitz,  Gerniiin  piiiln.so- 
[iher.  lound.s  the  Academy  ol' 
Sciences  a;  Berlin. 

First  opera  in  London. 

Piircell,  Emriisli  musician. 

Bank  of  Kngiand. 

Telescopes,  first  reflecting 
one  made  on  the  principles 
of  Sir  Isaac  Newton. 


IGSo.  Sir  Ednnind 
Andros,  governor 
ol  New  England. 

1633  General  sup. 
pression  of  char- 
ter governments. 

1639.  .Montreal  d.- 
stroyed  liy  the 
Five  -laiions 

Leisler  usurps  the 
government  of 
New  York, 

1690.  The  English 
settleniBnts    of 
Schenectadv,    X. 
York-,Casco,  Me. 

and  Salmon  Fads, 
N.  II.,  destroy  id 
by  a  party  ol' 
French, 

Purt  lloyal.  No- 
va ScotM,  redu- 
ced by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Pliipps.— 
Expedition  against 
Canada,  unsuc- 
cessiul. 

1691.  Schuyler 
defeats  the  French 

at  La  Prairie. 


Great  Britain. 


Witchcraft    superstition     in  Xew-England. 


John  Locke   and    Sir    Isaac 
Newton  in  England, 

Boileau,  Fenelon,  and  Bai/e, 
in  France. 
I  'J93 1  Bank  of  England, 


]Cj_  Pho.'if'/iLiriis  ("lis 


1692.  New  Hamp- 
shire purchased 
bv  Allen, 

N,  York:  Lei,s- 
ler  e.vecuted. 

1693.  N.  York  :— 
Episcopacy  in- 
troduced. 

William     and 
Mary's     College 
founded. 
1697.   KidJ's  pira- 
cies. 


1699.  French  colo- 
ny in  I.ouisi.ina. 
— Gold  mines  in 
Brazil. 


Rise  of  the  names  ol 
Wliigs  and  Tories. 


1683.  "Ryehouse  Plot." 
Execution  of    Lord 
Russel    and    Algernon 
Sydney. 

In  this  reign  tlie  Roy- 
al Society  of  Lonlon 
was  institutevi  by  Wil- 
kins,  bishop  of  Chester. 
—  Bombay  ceded  to 
England. 

a 

1685.— J  a  m  e  s     Il.^f 

Rebellion  of  Mon- 
mouth, in  England,  and 
Argyle,  in  Scodand, 
both  defeated  aiid  exe- 
cuted, 
.ludge  Jeffries. 

1636.  The  king  I'avors  the 
Catholics. 

1687.  —re-establishes  the 
Court  of  High  Com- 
mission. 

16^.  '■  K  E  V  o  L  u  T  I  0  N 
o  F  163S."— The  Whigs 
and  Tories  unite  in  ap- 
plying to  the  Prince  ol' 
Orariiie,  who  lands  la 
England  with  !5,i.)Ui 
men — the  king  tlees  to 
Fr.ince, 

16.59.— William    III. 

and  Ma  ry  I  I  .^  — 
W.ir  wiih  Franci;, 
•James    II,    lands    in 
Ireland— besieges  Lon- 
donderry. 

169d,  William  in  Ireland, 
— Battle,  of  the  Boyne. 
James  delea;ed,  returns 
to  France. 

1691,  Limerick  taken,  and 
William  acknowledL'ed. 

169->.  Invasion  of  E. is- 
land undertaken  by  the 
French  in  favor  of 
James. — Naval  victory 
bv  the  Dutch  and  Eng- 
lish. 

1693.  Bank  of  England  in- 
corporated. 

1691.  Death  of  ciueen 
Mary. 

11)97.     General    peace 

1693,  First  partition  treaty, 
between  France,  Eng 
land,  and  the  Empire  to 
dispose  of  the  crown  of 
Spain, 

1699.  Visit  of  Peter  the 
Great. 


France,    the 
most   formi- 
dable powel 
in  Europe. 

1633.  Invasi  )n 
of  the  Span- 
ish Nether- 
lairds. 

1634.  Truce  ot 
Ratisbon  l'i»r 
twenty  ycari 
witli  Spain. 


1635.  Revo- 
cation o  I 
the   Edict 

of  Nantes. 


16^.  War  ol 
Spain  — the 
Empire.  Hol- 
land. Savoy, 
and  England 
asainst 
France. 

1659.  Grand  al- 
liance aiTiinsi 
France,  head- 
ed bv  Wil- 
liam'ill, 

169l>    Naval 
victory  ovei 
the    Dutch 
and  Englisl- 
otr  Dieppe. 
Victory    of 
Luxemburg 
at  Fleurus. 

1692.  Marsha, 
Luxe  m - 
burg    ile- 

feats  William 
at  Sieenkirk, 
and 

1693.  —at  Ne- 
ll vinden. 
Institution  of 
the  order  of 
St.  Louis. 

o  I  R  y  s  w  i  c  k 
— between 
France    an< 
the  allies. 


1699  A.l^. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


119 


Spain 

AND 

PoBTi:- 

GAL. 


IGdJ.  Great  part  of 
Alsace  seized  by 
France. 


It&sa.  Turki;-h    war,  1(383.  Total 

I'Vieiii.aby  rout     before 

tlie  Turk.--— victory  1  Vienna, 
of    til'!     Gerinan.s^ 

Pule.^,    under!  108-1.  Alliance  of  Venice  with 


Otioma:. 

EllPIUE. 


168-2.  War  with 
Austria. 


Ch.-irles,  of  Lor 
raine.  and  Jolm 
Soiiie.--ki. 

Ti'taty     of     the 
H;i^'Urt    against 
France. 


ICS'J  He 


ICSti.  League  of 
Augsburg  against 
France. 

156-3.  IJuda  taken  af- 
ter beins  held  by 
the  Turks  145 
yeurs. 

1G3T.  Uei^isi've  victo- 
ry of  Mohaez: 
Croa'.ia  and  Tran- 
sylvania .-^ubilued. 
'.Jii-e|jh  1.  crown- 
ed kni^;  uf  Ilun- 
irary. 

KJ-^'J,  (;rand  alliance 

ra;iru;d  ai   Vienna. 

The  Palatinate 

desolated    by    the 

French. 


Ii301   fi 


I     ihr 
Fr.-.,,: 


ir/.iO  Jo.--i.'jih  I.  elect 
ed  kin;,'  of  the  Ro- 
man- hy  tlie  Diet 
of   Ani-'-bnri.'. —         „  .     , 
Vict'.rics  ovei   the    It^-"-   Innocent 


Poland,  and  the     Empire 
against    the  Porte. 


1G69.    Alexan- 
der Vlll., 
pope. 


Turk.--. 


XII..  l-ope 


IC'.i:!.  Hattle  0 

.Mar-at'lia  — 

' 

the  allies  ii 

lialy  deieat 

ed     hv      Ihi 

Mar.-hal  Ca 

7  V  e  a  c  e 

0  f 

Ry; 

wick. 

tinat. 

tlll.'U>'S 

ir,. 

.     Vi 

■iniv    over 

fur  I  he 

ii 

e  So 

•an   Mn-!a- 

succe-- 

1' 

la    ai 

/.n'a,   by 

BIOU. 

th 

;  Prin 

(-.,-  l.nL'cne. 

1686.   Russia 
rieclai-es  war. 
1637.    Revolu- 
tion in  Con- 
stantinople, 
Mohammed 
dethroned. 
Solyman 


1639.  Defeat  at 
Nisa. 

1C9U.   iMusla- 
pha  Kiopri- 
ii  drives  tlie 
Austrians 
across   tlie 
Danube— re- 
covers    IJel- 
grade. 

1691.     Ahmud 

If^"? 

IVfr.-iI  and 
(l.-aihofKio- 
prill. 

1(391.  Chlo  ta- 
ken by  the 
Veii.-ilan--. 

1G9.'>.     Mii-la- 

phall.fVY- 
l(39G. leads 

his  own    ar- 

mv.-Virio. 

rv'ol   Ol.icli. 
1G'.)9.   Pearr    (,| 

Carlnwnz. 
The  Olio- 

ni.in    p' wer 

broken. 


The  Would,  elsewhere. 


1680.      Sweden:  —  Diet      < 
Stockholm. 
682.       Russia  : — Ivan      ar. 

Peter,     yS   their   si.- 

ter,  Sophia,  regent. 
60^.    1  )onni;irk  :— The  Cot! 
of     km^;     Christian     piiL 
lished. 


1666.  India :— The  De^kin  con 

quered. 
GolconUa  and  Besapore. 


1687.  —The  English  factonei 
in  Retiiial  suppressed— after- 
wards restored. 

1688.  Prussia  :— Frederic  III 


Russia  : — Ivan    resigns— 
Sophia  is  confined  in  a  con- 
vent : 
1689. Peter     the 

Great  .^^ 

1692.    Rus.-ia:  —  First    trade 
with  China. 

Imlia:— Height  of  tiK-,  Mi,-- 
gnl  power,  annua!  revenue 

i;:-y.(iiio,()tHt. 

(;iiina :— Great    indueiKV 

of  .Irsniis. 
1(39.'!.  Sweden:— The  king  ih- 

dared  absolute. 
1(39."..     Ilolhiiid  : liombai-. 

iiirni    of     Hru-sels    hv     ih- 

French,  under  Villeroi, 
U'.'.lG,    Poland  :-I)r,-ith   01    S- 

tnrskl  ---iicreeded  hy 
1G97.  — I'lrdtric  An;.'ustu?  I. 
Sweilcll  ;— C  u  A  K  L  K  s 


X  I  I  .$^'—(l.")  years  old. 


Ivu-,  ia  :— Introdnrlion  ' 
varioiM     nia:iufaciures — 
equipment  of  a  licet,  elc. 

lG'J9.Di-ii.:- Frederic  IV 


Alliance  of  Denmark,  Rns- 
Pi:i,  :ind  Poland,  acainii' 
Cliarles  Xll.  of  Sweden. 


4^. 


I20 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1 700  A.D.- 


k.J). 

PaoGiiEss  OF  Society,  eic. 

America 

Great  Ukitain. 

Fbai<cb. 

i;i)i) 

First  manufactories  in  Russia 
and  Denmark 

1700.  A  British  fleet  sent 
to  assist  Charles  XU.. 

1 

of  Sweden. 

Fe7ielon.  Bossuct,   Masillon, 

Fuundalior;    of     tlie 

in  France. 

national  debt    m    this 
reign. 

National    Dtbt     of    England 

1701.  Yale  College 

1701.  War  of  the  Spanish  succession. 

commenced. 

Ibunded. 

1702.    The  French  invade  Holland  un- 

1702.    Rice   intro- 

der   BoufTler.s — repulsed     by     Marl- 

Godfrey    KnelUr       English 

duced  into  Caro- 

borough. 

pauiter. 

lina  from  Mada- 

J! 

— - —  Anne  ^^ 

gascar. 

1702.  Revolt  0: 

1703 

First  Russian,  newspaper. — 

1703.      Apalachian 

1703.   Meilineii   treaty    ol 

the    Hugue- 

St. Petersburgh  founded. 

Indians  subdued. 

ccmimerce  with   Portu- 

nots suppress- 

Maine ravaged 

gal. 

ed   by   .Mar- 

by   French    and 

shal  Villars. 

Indians. 

1704.   .Marlborough  enters  Germany, 

1704.    Captain 

gains     Uie      battle     of  B  1  e  nh  e'i  m  . 

Churcli's     expe- 

Gibraltar taken    by 

dition  against  the 

Rook-e. 

Flourishing  period  of  French 

Indiansr 

17U6.T  r  e  a  ;  y  0  f  u  n  i  0  n 

literature. —  Great  splendor 

Boston  Keics- 

w  I  th    Sc'ot  la  nd  . 

in  the  French  court. 

Letter. first  Ame- 

Battle ol  Ramillies,  Villeroi    de- 

iroi 

A  newspaper  in  America. 

rican  periodical. 

leated. 

1706.    Carolina   in- 

1707. Victory  of  Almanza  over  the  Eng- 

vaded    by      the 

lish  and  Portuguese. 

French  and  Span- 

The 1 1  r  s  t  United 

ish. 

P  a  r  I  i  a  m  e  n  t     of 
Great       Britain 
meets. 

1707.  Unsuccessiul 

1706.  Battle  of  Oudenarde,  — French     de- 

expedition against 

feated. 

Port  Rovai: 

Sardinia  and  .Minor  ca  camured  by 

170S.The  Sat/brook 

the  Engllsli, 

iros 

Incorporation   of   the    United 

platform,    form- 

Unsuccessful attempt 

British  I]ust   India    Cui/t- 

ed. 

of  the  I'releiuier  to  land 

pa  HI/. 

1701).    First   paper 

m  Scotland. 

!709 

Priisaic   acid  discovered    by 

vioney  in   New- 

171U.  Victory  of  Vendome  atVillaviciosE. 

Diesbac.h. 

.lersey. 

Dr.  Sacheverell's  trial. 

1:10 

Apost-ojjice  in  America. 

1710.     First   post- 
office     at     .New 

—Collision    of     Wing 
and  Tory  principles. 

York-. 

1713.   P  e  a  c  e     of    Utrecht. 

Fruitless  expe- 

Perpetual separation  of  the  crowiv 

dition  against  Ca- 

of France  and  SiJ.iin—  England       ac 

nada. 

quires    .Nevviouniliand.  Acaifta,    and 

I  -;  -• 

The   famous  bull  ••  Unigeni- 

1713.    "Queen 

Hudson's  Bay.  tilso  .Mi  norca  and  Gi 

tus  "  aixainsi  tlic  French  Jan- 

Anne's   War  " 

braltar.     The  Rhine  is  the     boundary 

senists." 

closed   by   tlie 

between  Germ.uiy  and  Fiance. 

171.1 

Rise  of  commerce  in  Austria; 

treaty  of  Utrecht. 

171-1.  Factions  at   court — 

1714.  Peace  0 

first  maniUaciories. 

di.-^grace    ol'    llarley, 
chancellor  ol  the  exche- 
quer. 

Radstadt :  tin 
Emperor  ac 
knowledges 

Law's  bank  a.  Paris. 

Uealh  of  the  queen. 

II  0  u  s  e  0  1    11  a  n  0  - 

V  e  r :— 

George    I.^- 

Philip   on 
the  cession 
ol'   I.ombti'' 
dy.    .Naples 
and  Sardinia 

Robert  Waljiole,  pre- 

1715. Louis 

1 

mier. 

^ 

1715 j The  monastery  of  Mafra,  'the 

1715.  Indian  war  in 

1715.  Insurrection  of  .la- 

XV.  ^- 

South  Carolina. 

cobltes.— Battles  ;il  She- 

UuKe    o( 

Prior,  Steele.  De   Foe.  Addi- 

1717. New- Orleans 

rili'muir  and  Preston, 

Orleans    re 

son,  ti  urish  111  Foirhmd. 

.settled    by      the 

War  agamsi  Sweden. 

pent.  —  l)u 

1716 

First  standing  urmij  in  Eng- 
land. 

French. 

bois,    minis- 
ter. 

J  -iS 

The  coffee  tree  brought  from 

1713.  Qu  ad  r  u  pic    al    liance:    tin 

'iivu  10  Suniuiiii. 

Emperor,  Eii'iland,  Ho  Hand,  and 

France  against  riie  desi 

gns  ol  Spain, 

171  8  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


121 


:     SPAIN 
[        AND 

»  D-  I  Poirru- 

OAL. 


17U1 
17L4 


)!  Death  ol 
i  ihe  king, 
[  wb.o 
names 
I  the  duke 

!  orAiijuu 

as  lu-s 
success- 
I  or. 
Philip 


Tile 

aroli- 
liuKe 
Charles 
lamls  at 
Lisbon, 
and     en- 
ters 
Sljain. 
Uarceiu- 
na  taken 
by  the 
aiiies. 
Port.  :  — 
John  V. 


Luili-h 
ami  Pur- 
tuiue.-e 


ClifU-les 

kraves 

Sii^.u.o- 


1701.  Grand  alliance 
beiwet-n  Ihiiriand, 
the  tnipire.  to  pi'e 
of  France  and  Sjia 

17U2.  bailies  ul  St.ii- 
halen,  Hochstedl. 
and  Sjiires.  gamed 
by  'he  French. 


1705.  — J  0  s  6  p   h 


1710.  Treaty   of   the 
ll.i;:ne    h.-lween 
Eii-iand.  llull.aud. 
and  llie  FniiUi-e. 

1711.  —  C  h  a  r  1  e.- 


lH-...r. 


vi.'m' — - 

Mmi-rv  (d  Count 
in-Km.  ,      \MaruAnvt-. 

7i:i-    l'i;i::i,in!ic 

.■iitnrHiill.      Vi-^IUiL' 
j      ilr:    Mic(r....i,,n    m 
.■\U';rla     m     :h.- 
daii-diterscl  Char- 

liarc.:..-!      "--^ 

na;..r,,    l^'  1     '■'■■"■e  'd'  K,.- 

,;,    'l,,,,.  .:,.:!        lu.l       li:ul,M, 

Wick,        !      widi  Fran.;e. 
;A.b-ro- 

"1, 
jiiiniu      I 
n.ii.is.      ; 

ter   n| 

Si  <tir. 


1718.      U  u  ad  1  u 

p  I  e      ;i  1  I  1  a  t  c  I 
againrt  Sliam. 


of  ihe  Hague. 

Holland,    'and 

vein  the  union 

in. 

1702.  Victory 
of  Luzzace 
gained  by  the 
Flench  over 
the  Impe- 
rialists. 


1700.     French 
driven  I'rom 
Italy    by 
|)rince     Eu- 
iiene. 

1707.  All  the 
Spaid.^h  pos- 
se.ssions  in 
Italy  aban- 
doned to  llie 
allies. 


Ottoman 

L.MPIKE. 


1703.      Ahmeii 
HI. 


1709.     Charlei 
XII.    takes 
re  luge   at 
liender— 
hence    war 
with  Russia, 


1711.     War  ut  Venice    with 
Ihe  Porte.      I 


171:".     C(U-iiith   taken    by    the 
'I'nrks  —  the   I'Jinpi'i'ir  joms 
\'ehic«—  sie   ge    ol     Cirlu 
raised  on  the   news  ol  ilieir 
I7WJ.  (1(^11  at   at 
tlii^  battle    nl 
Prierwar- 
dni. 
1717.  I)(dfat  .d 
Ciu-ca-ln-s 
Ml   ISr'Lir.adi;. 
17IS.  I'.ace  of  l'a,~>aiowilz, 
liri  Willi    the    I'lirte,  \'eiiice. 
and     HuiiL;a  ry. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1700.  Russia :— Peter  the  Greai 
invades  Iiigria— defeated  bj 
Charles  Xil.,  at  Narva. 

War    of    t!ie    Northera 
Powers. 

1701.  PRUSSIA  erected  into  a 
kingdom  under 

F  r  e  d  e  r  i  c    I  ■  ^a — 

Charles  XII.  invades  Po- 
land—is viciorious  at  Riga. 

1702.  —enters  Warsaw— takes 
Cracow. 

1703.  Victorv   of    Pullusk-- 
Poland:— The  throne  cs- 

clareil  vacant,  and 

1704.  Stanislas      Leeizinskl 

elected  king.^ 

170G.  The  Sweeles  victorious 
over  the  Stixons  and  Rus- 
sians at  Traverstadt. 


1707.   Russia  :— Revolt  of  the 

Cossack  .Mazeppa. 
170S.  Charles  mvades  Russia, 

crosses  the  Unieper,  and  ia 

1709.  defeated  at  Pultowa. 
Sweilen  at  war  with  Den 
niaik. 

Pol.ind:— Frederic  .Augis- 
ttis  rr-a>iTnds  the  tliicme. 
171J.  \'icini-v  of  the  Swedes  al 

(;adrlius,-he. 
1713.  Prussia  :—l'rederi';  W'll 

liam  1.^ 


1711.  Kus~iii  :— Naval  victory 
over  the  Swrdrs. — Alaiiilanil 
Finland  CMiHiiuTed. 

171.').    .Ni'iliiiiands Ilarriei 

ireaiy  ol  Aniwerij  with  Au3- 
tri.i. 
Sv\rdrii:— Rrtuni  of  Char- 
Ic-  Pni-iii     and     Knglanil 
join  the  tilli.mce  ag:jiii,st  him. 


17H,     Charles    XII.     invadei 
Niiwav  ;    is  killed   at    th« 
si.  -I-  oi  Fredericshall. 
Sweden:— Ulrica   Eleo 


122 


THE    world's    progress. 


1719  A.D- 


A.D.     Progress  of  Society,  etc. 


Cotton  Mather.  ^^  Magnalia." 
and  Increase  Mather,  Hist, 
of  War  with  Indians. 


1721  I  Inoculation  introduced  by 
Lady  .M.intaiiue.  Tlie  same 
year  introduced  into  Uoston 
by  Dr.  iJoyUton. 


Academy  of  Sciences  at  Peters- 
burg. 


The  '•  Appellants."  in  France, 
lieaded  by  ihe'Cardinal  de 
Noaille.-^,  appeal  from  tlie 
bull  ■■  Uuisenitus,"  to  a  2e- 
neril  council ;  but  without 
effect. 


\12B  Behring's  Strait  discovered. 


Balloons  invented  by  Gu.smac. 

Ill  England  :    In  France  : 
Po])e,     Swift.  J.     B.     lions- 
ijiing.  sran.     Le 

TJiuinjiiion.      Sage.  Rollin, 
Walts.  L'lrd    Montesquieu. 
B'llin,  iruke. 
DoddridL'e.  \ 
Cheslerjie'd.l 

Ilallei/,  astronomer. 
1733  First  Lod^ro  of  Freemasons  in 

1740  Irish  linen  vianufactories. 
and  EnL'lisli  steel  and  cutlery 
flounsh. 


2i.    Holberg,   Danish  rlrama- 
tiit. 


1719.  First  Philadelphia  news 
paper. 


1721.   First   New- York  news 
paper. 


1723.  Vermont  settled. 

Increase  Mather,  died. 


1724.  Trenton,  N,  J.,  founded. 


1727.     Great    earthquake    in 
New-En?land. 


1728.  Cotton  Mather,  died. 

Disciivery   of    diamond 
mines  in  Brazil. 


1729.  The  Carolinas  separated. 


1732.  Birth  of  Washinston. 

1733.  Savannah  founded. 


America,  at  Boston. 

1740.  Tennessee  first  explored. 


1742  Invasion  of  Florida  by 
Indians  and  Spaniards — re- 
pulsed. 


1719.  Unpuccessful  attempt  to 
invade  Scotland  by  the  Span- 
iards. 

'■The  South  Sea  Scheme." 

1720.  '■  Bursting  of  the  South 
Sea  bubble." 

1721.  Sir  Robert  Walpole'i 
ministry  continues. 


1725.  Leas  r.  e  of  Herrenhausein 


1727.  George  I.  dies  at  Osna- 
burg. 


•George     II. 1 


1728.    Pe»:e    of   Pardo   witn 
Spain 


1729.    treaty    of  Seville,  b« 


1731.   Treaty  of  Vienna  with 
Holland  and  the  Empire. 


173y.  War  with  hpain 

1740  P.)rio  Bello  taken  by  Ad- 
miral Vernon. — Anson's  Toy- 
ase  round  the  world,  ant 
capture  of  the  Manilla  gtj 
leon. 


■"43  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


12; 


<Ji  The  iii.c;  a?t!umes 
thj  governmeiu. 
'Dulre  de  Bourbon, 
I     mii:i3:er. 


CiinrrcnS  of  Cam- 
bray 

buiwuen  Fnclami. 
Fraac?,  Pviiisia. 
an.!  Hulkii.l. 

.Ministi-y  o)'  C'ar.li- 
iial     !•'  i  e  u  r  y  . 


^ijCoiijress  of  So.s- 
I  .'lias  dis.-iilvfil. 
I  without  eU'eciin:; 
j     ai.y   thing. 

twcen  EDL'hinil, 
France,  ami  Jlul- 
lan.l. 


ir;«  War  of  !!ie  Polish 

I      !•  r.ai.'-f,      Spain. 
I      andSanli.ia, 
'734   Conqi.'.r^t  of    l,or- 

I      raine. 
iri'J   War  ol    the    An--- 
trian    sui'ri's-inii 
-Mar  hal~  lirlU: 
isli;  anil  BroL'lio  : 


Spain 

AND 

Portu- 
gal. 


Tub  World,  elsewhere. 


172.-). 

.\lliancc  of     Vienna,    Spain, 


(Jon 

quest  of 

N..p:e.s 

ariilSici- 

;v  by 

D.'u 

CarlOb. 


find  Au.suia. 


17.19.  :- 
War 
wuh 
Kn'_'- 

laiiil,  fo 


M?,'^.  War  of  the  Po- 
lish   successiun; 
Austria,     lliissia, 
.imi  !)i'niiiark. 

173.").  Pnltniinaries 
ol'  Vienua-nnt  con- 
cliide,!  till  17:M 

1710  Warof  the  Aus- 
trian succes.<iiin. 
M  aria    The- 
resa succee^ls  to 
the    h(4-e.lilary 
Slates. 

1711.  The  Frmeh. 
Saxons  ami  JJava- 
ri...'S.  overnui  AilJ- 
tii.i.  t.ike,  PraL'ue, 
andcr.iwn  (;iiarle- 


■(lefeal'j'l    by    l!ie    'lie    Asi.    ,- 

Rll:e.5  at    liettui 

gen. 


VI.     eiripenir.^;^ 

Trraiy   .if  lir.-s. 

lau  with  Aiis'ria. 

17i:i.      "I'he     Frill. h 

''"'"         I     ih'iven   acro.ss   the 

•'■«^'"y      i     Rhine. 


1719.     Italy :— Sicily    invaded    by     the 

Spanish. 
Vi'M.  Peace  of  Stockholm.— Tranquillity 

restored  in  the  n.rth. 

Sweden  : — The  queen  abdicates  ji 

favor  of  her  hu.-band. 
;721.  Italy  :— Innocent  XIII.,  pope. 

Frederic,  ^g 

Peace  of  Isystadt  wiih  Russia 
Rusi.:ia:— Peter    assumes    the   title 
"Emperor  of  all  the  Russias." 
1721.  Turkey  : — Mahommed  Effendi,  am- 
bassador to  Paris. 
1723.  China: — Cliristians  expelled. 
1723.  Italy  ■— John   Gaston,  (de  MedicOi 
<:ran(l  duke  of  Tuscany. 

1723.  Turkey  : — The  Turks  ami  Russians 
attempt  tci  dismember  Persia. 

1724.  Italy  :— Benedict  XIII.,  pope. 

1725.  Russia: — Catharine  I.,  widow  of 

Peter.  ^' 

1725.  Turkey  : — Partition  treaty  for  sei/ 
ms.  the  north  and  west  provinces  A 
Persia. 

1726.  Ruf.sia: — Alliance    with    Austria. 
172G.     Turkey  : — First      printing     press 

brought  from  Paris  to  Turkey. 

1727.  llussia :— Treaty  with  China 

Peter  11,^ 

17-27.  Turkey  :— Peace  of  Bas.lad. 
172S.   Denmark: — Fire   at    Copenhagen, 
ilesiniys  the  jiublic  library. 

— colony  of  Danes  in  Greenland. 

I7.')0.  Denmark  :—Christi,in  VI. ^§ 

1730.  Italy  — Clement  XII.,  pope. 

Russia  : — Anne^^^ 

1733.  Piil.and  :— Frederic  Ansustus  II  ^ 
The  diet   elect  Siaiiislaus,  but  ara 
compelled  by  the  Russian  army  to  eleo' 
Frederic. 

1731.  Stanislaus  besiejed  in  Dantzic,  ea. 
capes  III  KoiiinL'sberz. 

17.3!.  Turkey  :— Turks  driven  from  Per 

sia  bv  NaJlir  Shah. 
17.!''i.  — w.ir  witli  Russia  an.l  Austria. 
1737.  Jtaly  : — Francis,  of  Lorraine,  gram 

duke  (li'Tiisrany. 
1739.   India  :-Invaded  by    Niiilir  Shah 

who  lakes  and  phmilers  Delhi. 
17:-!9      Turkey  : — Turks      deleattd     nea 

Cb'iezim. 
1710.  Iialy  :-lienedict  XIV.,  pope 

Turkey  :— The  Turks  invade  Pers* 

—are  repulsed  by  Ashraf 
-[juace  of  tel^'rade. 


124 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1740  A.n.- 


1747 


Proursss  op  Society,  etc. 


Frederic  the  Great  makes 
great  impruvemeiiLs  iu  niiii- 
tart)  tactics — iniruJucea^^y- 
ing  hurse  artillery. 

Durante  and  Leo,  celebrated 
uiusiciaus. 

Hatidtl.  and  -S'ei.  Bach,  musi- 
cal composers, 

"ladigo  tirot  produced  in  Caro- 
liaa. 


1748 


.703 


1761 


1764 
1766 


Musheim,  ecclesiastical  histo- 
rian. 

Dr.  Franklin's  disco  ceries  in 
electricity. 

Euilaii  i  introduces  the  '■  New 
Siyle  "  Calendar. 

British  Museum  JoMided. 


British.       I 
Alan      Ram- Helvetius.  Fr. 
Racine,  Fr. 
Gellert.  Ger. 


say. 
Shcnstuyie, 
Gray, 
Cu'iins. 
AfiCtuiide, 
Churchill. 


Winckle- 
7nann,  Ger- 


John  Ryabrach^  sculptor. 
UuL'arth.    Wilson,   4-  Joshua 

Reynolds,  painters. 
Po:ah)(:s       first     planted     in 

Fpuii-e.  by  Tursot. 
Xiebuhr'a  travels  in  Arabia. 

n''i.il':y  (?•  Whitefield  preach. 
Pliiinil.-lphia  .Mu'dical  School, 

tir~:  in  Aini:rica. 
Wallis  and  Carteret's  voyafie 

of  discovery  in  the   South 

Scaa. 


Great  Britain. 


1745.  Louisburg  and  Cape 
Breton  taken  from  France 
by  the  English. 


747.   David    Bratnerd    and 
Benjamin  Coleman,  died. 


1749.    English    settlement    in 
Nova  Scotia. 


i7.'3i.  Hostilities  be'ween  Eng 

1754.  Washington's  mission  to 
the  French. 

1755.  Defeat  of  Braddock. 
17.36.  Oswego  and  Ft.  Granby 

taken  by  the  French. 


1757.  Fort  Win.  Ilenry  cap- 
tured. 

175S.  Repulse  of  Abercrombie 
at  Ticon  leroga. 

Fort  Uu  QijHsne  taken. 

175CI.  Invasion  of  Canada- 
death  of  Wolfe — Uiiebec 
taken. 

Capture  of  Niagara. 
Crown  Point,  and  Ticonde- 
roga. 


17C3.  End  of  the  ■'  Old  Fr.;uch 

War." 
1705.  ■'  American  Stamp  Art  " 

resisted     in    Massachusetts 

and  Virghna. 

P'irst  O)lonial  Congress  at 

New-Y  jrk. 


1744.  Naval  victory  over  the 
F^rench  and  Spanish  fleets  l« 
the  bay  of  Hieres. 

1745.  Scotch  rebellion — Char- 
les Edward  lands  in  Scot- 
land. 

1740    he  is  defeated  at  Cul- 
loden. 
1747.  Victories  over  the  French 
oir     Belle-isle     and     Cape 
Finis  terre. 


1743.  Peace    ofAix    ia 
mutual  restitution  of  con 


1752.  The  new  style  intro- 
ilueed;  the  ye«ir  hereafter 
commences  Jan.  I. 

land  and  France  on  the  bouu 


1750     "Seven      Years' 
Subsidiary  alliimce  witK 
Prussia. 

Ministry  of  W  i  1  1  i  a  ni 
Pitt,  the  elder. 
1757.    Victory  of   Plassey,  ir. 
India. 


1759.  Naval  victories  over  the 
Lagros,  and  ofi"  Brest. 

Surat.    in    India,    taken 
from  the  Dutch. 

1760.— G  eor  ge  III  .^— 

1701.  Earl  of  Bute,  premier. 

1702.  War  with  Spam. 
Conquest    of     llavan*. 

Trinidad,  and  .Manilla. 

1703.  Peace    of    P  a  r  i  » 


1705.  Bengal  ceded  to  the  t:"J.si 
India  C'ompaiiy  !y  ..,* 
treaty  of  A'.lal:.if3.'. 


iyf,6  A.I) 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


12: 


Spain 

AND 

POIITU- 

GAL, 


17-14   War     declared       I 

I     against   England! 

and  Aus'ria.         | 

1745  Hatileuf  Fontenoy, 

I  allit:3  defeated.  I 
1740 'The  French  victo-|174G.  :— 

j     riou5     hy    land,  j  Ferdi- 

I     but  unsuccessiul  nand  VI. 

I      bv  pea.  j     f\ 


774; 


War  With  Holland. 


1743.  Charles  dies  at 
Mtinich. 

House      of 
Lorraine: 

—  F  ranc  i  s  I  .^^ 
husband  ol  Maru 
Theresa 


The  World,  elsewliere. 


C  h  a  p  e  1  1  e 
(juesta. 


i!ariM«  of  NovaSco- 
tia.  I 

i  TO  Inlliipnre  nf  Ma- 
dame (le  I'ompa-  > 
dour.  I 

War." 

(.'apiure  of  Minnr- 
.-,■1  In. Ill  the  Kii.'- 


!7.')7    IiLva.~ion   of  llano- 


17.>    l)i'! 

:at  at  Cr.'fi-Mi 

tin:  Khlh.'. 

Fiv 

At'. 

li 

170<J  ],..- 

.rh    ..tr   <;,-ii.. 

inpl  '.1  iiiviidi 
-;.iii| 
..I  .1':  (;;.iiada. 

17.7.1  ;  ~ 

.Charle,- 

KC!    Th.' 

l!...ir;..ii.    Fa- 

1740.  Prussia :— F  redehic   II  .^f 

(the  Great.)  Prussia  increases  in    im- 
portance.— War  with  Austria, 
llussia  : — Ivan  V. 

1741.  Sweden  :— War  with  Russia. 
Swedes  driven  out  of  Finland. 

Russia  :— Elizabeth^ 

1743.  —Peace  of  AIkj  with  Sweden. 

1743.  Turkey  :— War  with  Per.-ia. 
— Ueleal  near  Erivan. 

1744.  Iniiia  :— liostiliiies  between  French 
and  En^'lisli. 

1744.  Italy  .-—Savoy  occupied  hy  French 
and      Spaniar.ls,  who  take 

174').  — Parma.  Milan,  and  Placentia. 
— Genoa  bombarilcd  hy  tlie  English. 

171G.  — French  and  Spaniards  driven  from 
Lonibardy. 

1746.  Denmark:— Fre.leric  V.^ 

1747.  Netherlands  :-William  1\" 
Persia  : — Revolution  :  Nadir. 
Sliah  mur.lered. 

1751,  H  diand  ;— William  V,  stadtholdcr. 
Denmark  :— Ministry  of  Count  Ueni- 
storll'. 

Sweden  :—IIou:50    of    Ilolstem    Got- 
torp  :— 

Adolplius  Frederic.^ 

1754.  Italy  :— The  Corsicans,  under  Paoli, 
revolt  aL'ainst  Gi'iioa. 

1754.  Turkey  :— Otiiman  III. 

1755.  First  Prussian  embassy  to  Constan 
tinople. 

Alliance    with    1750.  India  :— Calcutta  ttiken  by  the  Na- 
fraiice.  j      l„,bof  lieiiial. 

l/o7.  Prussians  vie-    I7r.7.  Turkev  :— Mustapha  III. 
torious  at  Prague.    |7.-,7.  Prussia  :— Russian  invasion. 
Ro.ssbach.     I,e.«.s,i.  I  i7-,,s.  —viclorv  of  I.on.lorf 
and  liivslau.  j  17-^8.  Italv  :-Cleineiit  XIII.,  pope. 

The  French  take    17-,;).     Pnissia  :— 'Jlie    kang    d.'i'eated    at 
Verdun   and    lire-       Kuniiersd.'rf 

"leii.  [I7i3ii  — Hatili' of  I.ieinit/..— Berlintakon. 

175a.French  defeated  Jn.lia  :~Sliah  Alim  II. 

at  Crelel.h.  j         Si.'i.'e    and    r.ipiure  of  Pondicherry, 

by  the  Fii'-'lish. 

KiiiL'.h.m    (.f   Mvs(ne    founded    by 
II  y  d  e  r     All. 


174.S  Peace  of  Ai.x  la  Cha- 

pelle;    Spain,   and    Prussj.i 

tlie  on  ly     gainers   by     tlie 

,     war. 

1/..I).   Seven    Years' 

War    of    Austria 

and  Prussia. 

Invasi.in  and 
conquest  o)  Saxo- 
ny, by  Fre.leric  II 


Si' ;-'.■  ari'l   capture 

of    lielleisli:,    by 

:      tlie  KiiL'll-^h.  i 

between       i-  ranee. 

Spain   anil   Eng- 

,      laiiil. 

1764  I  Expulsion  of    tho 

I     JofluitB.  I 


I7.'i'.i.  ami  ,-.1  .Mindcn. 
Vict.iiy  at  .Mti.v- 
en  over  the  Prus- 
sian^;.—Dres.l.-n  re- 
taken, 

I7t;ii,  (Jreat  victory 
at  T..rgaii,  by  Frc- 
deiic. 

1762,  Pnissiims  victo- 
ri'.us  at    iMeibui!.'. 

1703,  Peace  ol  Hii- 
bi^rtstriig. 

1705.   Joseph     II. 


170a    Russia: Peter    III.^ (six 

months), 

tt 

C  a  t  h  a  r  i  II  0   II  .^^ 

1704.  Pol,ii..l:     Sianislaiis  I'mdalowsLi 
,1705.  India, -Tiv.ity  ol  Allahabad. 
I         — Esiablisbmem  of  a  Uriiisli  empire 
1170.5.  It.aly  :-IVler   I.eoj.old,  grand  duke 
I     of  Tuscany. 

1700.  Denni.-nk  :— Christian  VII. 
1700,  I'ower  of  the  Mamelukes  inTlgypi 
revived  under  Roilvan  and  AJi  Boy. 


126 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1766  A.D. 


Proqress  op  Society,  etc. 


1767  First  tpinmng  machine  in  England. 

ITGS  Cook's  first  voyage  of  discovery. 

Bruce  discovers  the  source  of  the  Nile. 

Royal  Academy  of  Arts  in  England  ;  Joshua 
Reynolds,  first  president. 

1769  Letters  of  Junius. 

1770  VVhitefleld  dies  at  Newburyport. 


1774 
1774 


Captain  Cook  discovers  New  California. 

The  Spiknino  JENNY,  invented  by  Robert 

Arkwright. 

The  Improved  Steam   Enoinb,  by   Watt 

and  Bolton. 


In  England. 

GnMsmith, 

Warburton, 

Johnson, 

Littleton, 

Lowth, 

Garrick, 

Hume, 

Robertson, 

Blackstone, 

Adam  Smith, 

Home  Tooke. 

Priestley, 

Horsley, 

Burke, 

Pitt, 

Fox, 

Cooper, 

Sheridan, 

McPherson, 

Burns. 

Kaimes, 

Reid. 


France. 

Voltaire, 

Rousseau, 

Diderot, 

Condillac, 

Jussien, 

Lavoisier, 

La  Harpe, 

15anh:le-ny, 

Buffo  .. 


Ger.     Mosh- 

eim, 
Zimmerman, 
Kant, 

Klopstock, 
Lessing, 
Wieland, 
Herder, 
Goethe, 
Schiller, 
Sw.  Linnaeus, 
It.  Metastasio. 
Rus.   Kheras- 

kov, 
Kostrov. 
Deerhavin, 
Bogdanovich, 
Khemnitzee. 


United  States. 


1768.   Boston  occupied 
by  the  British  troops. 


1769.  Daniel  Boone  ex- 
plores Kentucky. 


1772.  IIancock,S. 
Adams,  and  P  a  - 
trick      Henry, 

promote  the  revolu- 
tion. 

1773.  Tea  destroyed  at 
Boston. 

1774.  Continental  Con- 
gress at  Philadelphia. 


1775.  AMERICAN 
WAR: 

April   19,  Skirmish   at 

Lexington. 
June  17."Iiaitle  of  Bun- 
ker's Hill 

Prescott,  Put- 
nam .  <fe  \V  a  r  r  e  n  . 
W.VSIIINGTON, 
commander-in-chief. 
Montgomery 
Mi>nrreal,  and  falls  at 

1776.  The  Briiish  troops 
evacuate  Boston. 


Moultrie    de 
Sullivan's  Island. 

DECLARA- 
TION   OF    IN- 
DEPENDENCE, 
July  4. 

Americans  (Sulli- 
van) defeaied  at 
Flatbush.  Aug. 

Battle   of   White 

Pl:illls. 

Battle  of  Trenton, 
Dec.  26-7. 
1777.  Arrival  of  Lafav- 
ette. 
Capture  of  Ticon 


Great  Britain 


1766.  American  Stamp 
Act  repealed. — New 
ministry  under  the 
Earl  of  C  h  a  t  h  a  m . 


1767.  First  war  with 
Hyder  Ali  in  My- 
sore. 


1770.  Lord  North, 
prime  minister. 

17fl.  The  Falkland 
Islands  ceded  by 
Spain  to  Great  Bri- 
tain. 


1774.  The  Boston  Port 
Bill  pas.sed. 

1774.  Warren  Hastings, 
governor  general  o( 
India, 

REVOLUTIONARY 

1775.  Lord  North's 
"  conciliatory  mea- 
sures "  rejected  by 
the  colonies. 


takes    St.    Johns    and 

Quebec. 

1776.  The  city  of  Lon- 
don    remonstrates 
against  the  American 
war. 

feats    the    English    at 

The  British  army 
takes  possession  o( 
New-York. 

Hessians  hired  for 
service  in  Amenca. 


deroga  by  the  British 
July  5. 


/// 


A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


127 


Franob. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1768 


17(j9 
1770 


1773 
1774 


Genoa  ce^les  Corsica  to  France, 


Ministry  of  Due  (i'Aiquillon. 

Marriage  of  the  Jauphin  with 
Mane  Antoinette. 


Madame  du   Barri   rules  the 
king. 

Louis    X  VI.^ 

Marie    Antoinette,    qui-fn  : — 
Maurepa.s,  primi  minister. 


N  e  c  k  e  r ,  comptroller-gene- 
ral. 
Franklir  in  Piiri.s. 


1772.  Jo.seph 
II.  with  the 
Emperors  of 
Jlu.--sid.  and 
Pru.--~ia,  dis- 
member Po- 
land, divid- 
ing il  be- 
tween tliein- 
i:tlves. 


Discipline  of  the  Ottoman  troops  ln» 
proved  by  Baron  de  Tott. 

1707.  Spain: — Jesuits  expelled. 

India :— Ilyder    All    resists   the    Eng 

lish. 
170-^.  War  between  Russia  and  the  Ottoman 

Empire. 


17C9.  Pope  Clen:ent  XIV. 

The   Russian  army  occupies  Wa.Iachia 

and  Moldavia. 

1771.  Sweden  :—Gustavu3  Ill.^a 

1772.  First   Partitionof  Polani. 


1773.  Ottoman  Empire  :— The  Russians  cross- 
ing the  Danube,  are  repulsed  by  Ghazi 
Hassan. 

Pope    Clement  abolishes  the  order    of 
•Jesuits. 

1774.  India — Warren  Hastings,  first  British 
governor-general. 

Russia': — Revolt  of  the  Cossack  Pugat- 
Echeff,  calling  himself  Czar  Peter. 

Ottoman  Empire  : — Abdul  Ilamid.-^g  — 

1775.  Pope  Pius  VI. 
Spain  :— Able  ministry  of  Florida  Blan- 


177C.  Rassora  surrendered  to  the  Persians. 
East  Indies  :— Lord   Pigot,  govemor-i 
neral,  imprisoned  by  his  own  council. 


128 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1777  A.D.- 


Prooress  op  Socibtv,  etc. 


1731 


1782 
1783 


17S4 


United  States. 


Great  Britain. 


178G 
1787 


Herschel'a   discovery  of  the 
Seorgium  Sidas. 


Pricssic  acid  obtained  in  a  se- 
parate state,  by  JSchede. 

Air  balloon  of  Monijo'iiler. 


First    American      vessel 

China. 
Instilution  for  the  deaf  and 

dumb  at  ParLs,  by  the  Abbe 

t!e  l'E|)ee. 
Sunday  schools  established  in 

England,  by  lio/iert  Raikes. 
Ilerscbel's  Teie.scnpes. 


Stenography,  by  Taylor. 

Panoramas  in  Louilon. 
First    spinning    machine 
Prance. 


Talnuk,  the  celet  rated  trage- 
dian 


1777  IJattle.s   of     Bennington, 
11,  and  S;iiiwaier. 

Pliiladelphia    taken   by 

lis. Battle    of     German 

ceives  Burgoyne's 
Articles  of  confederation, 
adopted  Nov.  lo. 

1778.  Alliance  with  France. 
Battle     of     Monmouth, 

Washington  victorious,  June 
28. 

Arrival    of  the    French 
fleet  under  D'Estaing. 
Massacre  of  Wyoming. 
Savannah  taken  by  the 
English. 

1779.  Wayne     recovers 
Sioney  Point 

Paul  Jonc5'3  Victory  off 

1780.  Battle    near    Camdefl  : 
De     K  a  I  b     killed. 

Treason  of  Arnold. 

1781.  Battle  of  Cowpens,  gain- 
eii  by     Morgan. 

Surrender    of    Co 
t  o  w  n  ,     Oct.  17. 


Aug.   16;   Brandywine,  Sept 

the  English,  uncer  Cornwal 
town,  Oct.  4.— Gates  r» 
surrender,    Oct.  17. 


1778.  Capture  of  Pondicherry 
in  India. 


Scotland. 

1780.  War  with  Hyder  Ah  m 
India. 

War  with  Holland. 


rnwallia     at      York- 

1781.  Victory  ofT  the  Doggei- 

bank. 


1782.  Treaty  with  Holland,  by 
.1.    Adams.  .lay,   Frank 
1  i  n  ,    and  Laurens. 

1783.  PEACE    OF    VERSA  ILLES : 

INDEPENDENCE    of  the    UNITED   STATES   ac 

knowledged   by   Great  Bri- 
tain. 


1784.  New- York  Chamber  rf 
Commerce  Ibunded. 


178.J.  .1  0  h  n  A  d  a  m  s  ,  1st 
States  of  America  to  Great 
Britain. 

1785.  Shay's  insurrection  in 
.Massachusetts. 

1787.  General  Convention  at 
Philadelphia. 

F  E  u  E  li  A  L  Con- 
stitution of  the 
Uniti'il  Slates,  adopted. 

1788.  Cotton  planted  in  Geor- 
gia. 

1789.  Georoe  Wash- 
in  a  t  0  n  ,  first  Presi- 
dent : 

Jefferson,  Ila- 
m  i  I  t  0  n  ,  K  n  o  X  ,  R  a  n  - 
d  0  1  p  h  ,  and  Jay,  form 
the  cabinet. 

1791.  First  United  States  Bank. 

1792.  Kentucky  ad.'nitted 
to  the  Union. 

Un  .tetl  States  Mit^  esta- 
blishOki. 


1784.     Pitt,    the    younger, 
premier. 

Peace  with  Tippoo  Saib. 


anbassador   from  the  United 
173G.  Pitt's  Sinking  Fund. 


1783.  The  king  insane.— Deatn 
of  Charles  Edward,  the  last 
pretendei. 


Trial  of   Warren  Hast- 
ings. 


1792.  Provision  for  the  crad- 
ual  abolition  ot  the  slave 
trade. 


)2  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


129 


1778 


ik'banee  witli  America 


1779  Scheme    to    invade    England 
I     I'rum  Normanily. 


i7c!<j^R  0  c  h  a  m  b  e  a  u     sent    to 
aid  ttie  Americans. 


1781  i  Necker  resisns. 


178-  Defeat  of   De   Grasse   in  the 
I     West  Indie:^,  by  lloJney. 


1 783  Peace     of     Versai: 
las, 


!  La  Peroust's  roya^Kof  disco- 

I 
17S7  '  Financial   difficuliio!!  —  New 
I     taxannn:  (,'iiluniii',  Hneinie. 
an>l   NiTk(;r,  MiinisHTs  suc- 
I     ci-s~ivcly. 

[7S'jiI'Ki;N(:iI     KI'.VOI.CTION 

I      b'-L'Hi-.  — IJa-;i]!(;    laki-n    atnl 
I     mrA,  July    11.— I,  a  fa  y  - 
I      e  t  t  e  ,     commander  of  ihe 
I     naiiDiml    cuard-i. —  Mira 
I     beau,     Icadinij  <iraiiir. 


1773.  War  of  the  Bavarian 
succession. — Havaria  seized 
by  Germany. 


1779.   Congress  and  Peace  of 
Teschen. 


Thb  World,  elsewtxere. 


17S2.    Punishment    of    death 
abolished. 

The  Pope  visits  the  em- 
peror, to  dissuade  him  from 
hostilities  against  the  church. 


178.").   2,000    religious    houses 
uppressed  by  the  emperor. 


r^S.  The    emperor  attempts 
to  control  llie  Universities. 


1700.  Leopold     11.^— 
Congress  of  Ileichenbach. 


FliL'ht  of  the   kin?  tn    Varen^    1701.  ConO-rcnce  of  Pihiiiz. 
ncn. — I.al.ayrtte  rcsi:.'ns.  |  A^ 

1702. -Francis  11.^- 
War  with    Germany: — The  l''rench    take    Spire'),   Mentz, 
and  I.on^iwy— I.alaye^le  im- 
France     declared     a       prisoned  at  Olmiitz. 

republic. 
Qirondists  and  Mountainials. 


1780.  Declaration  of  the  artnec 
neutrality — to  protect  neu- 
tral flags  from  the  right  ol 
search  claimed  by  Britain. 


1782.  Italy :— Pontine  ma:  jhes 

drained. 
India: — Rise  of  Sindia— 

T  i  p  p  o  o  ,    Sultan. 
1763.    — alliance     with     th<! 

French. 


17S6.     Pru 
Willi.am  1 

s  s  i  a  ;—  Frederic 
I. 

17S7.      K"ss 

a:- War     with 

tlie   l>(jrto 

1788.      Spaii 

:-(;harlcs  W . 

17S0.     Dlioi 
SLdim  1  1. 

laii      F.mpire  :- 

171)0.     J  iLsc: 
111. 

ny:-  Kcnlin.uui 

171);;.  Sweden. — (lustavus  IV. 


n,o 


THE    WORLDS    PROGRESS.  1793A.D. 


A  n  I  PiiooREss  OF  Society,  etc.  United  States. 


1801 


1302 


7'om  Pame,     ]Alfieri,  Italian 
Fisher  Ames.       poet. 

Hannah  JMore, !  Gluck, 
Gainsljoro',  \ll(iydn, 
Moreland.         UMuzart, 

lAibrechtsber- 
Bognslatcski,  I    isen, 
KTosiki,     I'o-  Beethoven. 
lisli  poets,     i 


Pestalozzi,  system  of  elemen- 
tary education. 

Mung-o  Park's  travels  in 
Africa,  published. 


Iron  railway.s  in  England. 
Polytechnic  school  in  I'aris. 


JTirst  book-fair  in  New-  York. 


First  Locomotive  Steam  En- 
gine used  on  the  Merthyn 
Tydvil  road  in  Wales. 


1793.  Washington  re-elected. 
Neutrality   in    regard    to 
France. 


Grsat  Britain. 


179.3.  First  coalition  agains* 
France,  directed  by  Eng- 
land—all Europe,  except 
Sweden,  Deumark,  and  Tur- 
key. 

1791.  Commercial  treaty  icith  England. 

Commence  nienti  British    army    defeatsd 

of    the    navy—fi   I'ri-j     near  Uunkirk. 
gates     built. 


1796.     Washington     declines 
a  reelection. 


1797.  John    Adams,    2d 
president. 


Difficulties  with  France. 

1798.  Regular  army  organized, 
VVashiiigton  commander-in- 
chief 

1799.  Death  of  Washington. 
Tennessee    becomes 

a  State. 


1800.  Seat  of  government  igOO.  Union  of  Eng- 
transierred  to  Washington,  land  and  Ireland. 
D-  C.  —Malta  taken. 


1795.  War  with  Holland. 


1793.  Second  coalition  again*' 
France.— Irish  rabellion.  — 
Nelson's  victory  z.t 
the  U  a  1 1 1  e  of  the 
Nile. 

Wilberforce's  motion  to 
abolish  the  slave  trade,  lost, 
87  to  S3. 


1801.  Thomas    Jeffer- 
son,  3d  President. 

ICxports  of  United  Slate.', 
$93,UU0,U00. 

1902.  Ohio  joins  the  Union  ; 
It  has  7G,00tJ  inhabitants. 


1803.  Purchase  of  Louisi- 
ana,   for  $15,000,t)l»0. 

U.  Stales  frigate  Philadel- 
phia, taken  by  the  Tripoli- 
tans. 

1804.  Decatur  recaptures 
the  Philadelphia. 

Preble  bombards  Tri- 
poli. 

Burr  kills  Hamilton. 

1805.  Jefferson  re-elected  Pre- 
sident :  George  Clin- 
ton, of  Nno-  York,  Vice- 
President. 


1301.  Battle  of  Alexandria.— 
Pitt   resigns,  succeeiled  by 


1802.  Peace  of  Amiens 


1803.  Successful  war  in  India, 


1801  Pitt  again  premier. 


1805.  Nelson  defeats  th« 
French  and  Spanish  fleeti 
oir  Trafalgar. 


i8o;  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


131 


1794 


1790 
I7W 


The  king  and  queen  boheadeii 
Reien    of    Terror. 


1793.  F  i  r  s  I   Coalition 
against     France. 


Marat  assaf^sinated  by  Cliar 

lotte  Corday. 
Victories     of'  P  i  c  h  e  s  r  u    and    J  0  u  r  d  a  n  — the  allies 

every  where  driven  back.      1 
Revolution  of  the  'Jth  Thermi- 

dor. 
Roljespiere    guillotined. 

X  .\  P  O  I,  EON  1}  O  N  A  - 
PARTE,  commander  of 
the  army  ;  (juells  an  insur- 
rectiin  in  Paris. 

War  in  Italv. 

Hatile  of  Lndi. 

Bonaparte's  AustrianCampaig  n— H  0  c  h  e 
and  M  o  r  e  a  u  '  s  cele- 
brated passage  of  the  Rhine. 

Peace    of     Campo    Forinio. 


The  WonLn.  ehewhere. 


758  Bonaparte's  expedition  to 
Egypt  is  defeated  hy  Nelson 
at  Aboukir,  Ati-r.  1. 
1791)  Tlie  French  enter  Switzerland 
under  B  e  r  n  a  d  0  t  t  e  and 
.loiinlan.— Return  of  Bona- 
|)arte. — R  evolution  of 
the  1  8  t  h  B  r  u  m  a  i  r  e 
— B  o  n  a  p  a  r  t  e  .  first 
consul. 

l*MJ  I  B  a  1 1 1  e    of    .Marengo. 


1798.  Second  Coalition  against 
France. 


— M  o  r  6  a  u  '  s     victory     of 
H  0  h  e  n  1  i  n  d  e  n  . 


Peace  of  Liinevile. 


IJ'innparte  elected  f)resideiit  of 

the  luriian  republic,. 
P  e  a  c  e    o  f    A  miens. 
I,r-^iuii  (if  Honor  instituted. 

Wrir  Willi  Ef-'and. 
I!ar,k  of  France. 


1B('!  Diikf.  DTjiL'hien  pliot. 

Ilii|::i|.:irtr!     crnWlM-d     ns       NA- 

j      POI.EON    \.    Emp.-mr    of 
I      tl,.-  h'n-ni-b. 

.Mar~h;ds    Son  It,    M  urat, 
I      Ney,    .Vc. 

1800  A  n  s  t  1  i  a  n   Campaign,   B  a  t  t  t  1  e    of      A  u  b  t  e  r  • 
1     1  i  I  z  . 

Pence  of  j  Preshurtr. 
Napoleon     Protector  of    the  [  CunjKtieratinn  of  the  Rhine. 


ISO).  The  emperor  of  Ger- 
many a."'snnies  the  title  t)f 
emperor  of  AUSTRIA. 


1793.  Second  Partition  of  Po- 
lanil  by  Russia  and  Prussia. 

n  a  y  t  i  indepenilent  re- 
public, under  'J'oussainl 
J.,'Ouverture. 

1794.  Poland :— Revolt  at  Cra- 
cvw. — K  o  s  c  i  u  s  k  o  ,  g»- 
neral-in-chief — Russian.s  do- 
feated  at  Warsaw. 


1795.  Final  partitio?i 
of  Poland  —  extinction 
of  the  kingdom. 

Batavian  Republic  : — Shi- 
melpennink. 

1796.  Russia :— Paul  I. 

1797.  Switzerland  : — General 
Revolution — The  French 
invade  IJernc — Helvetian 
Republic. 

Prussia  : — Frederic  Wil- 
liam III. ^ _ 

1798.  lndi  a  : — 'm  a  r  (j  u  i  s 
\Vellesley,  govcrnor-j;en- 
eral. 

1799.  Russians,  under  Sir- 
wnrrow,  defeated  near 
Milan. 


1800.  Armed  neutrality  of  the 
north. 

Pope  Pius  VIl. 
Ionian  Republic  founded 

1801.  Russia:  Alexander.^ 

1802.  Italian  Republic— Bona- 
parte presirlent. 


1803.  India:— Great  Mahratu 
War. 


iS().(.      Kussij 
J'cr.-i.i. 


n2 


THE  world's  progress.  i8o6  a.d. 


K.D.     Piioaiuiss  OF  Society,  etc.  United  States 


!30G  Planet  Juno  discovcreil. 

Leitis  (5'    CIm-k's  expedition 
I     to  the  Rocky  Mounlains. 

\ 

'^'i  Fulton's  fiust  si-ccess- 
vv,i.  trial  of  Steam- 
boats. 


l5(>? 


General  Univer.sity  e.sDibIisheil 
by  Niii.ioleoii,  to  .«iij)erintend 
national  education. 

Li'.Uograph'j  invented. 


In  England  :  '       Frar.ce  : 
Flaxman,         La  Grange, 
Westinacott,     Mange, 
Chantrey.         Ilany, 
sculptors.  liiot, 

B.  St.  Pierre, 
poet. 

First  steamboat  built  in  Eu- 
rope. 


181; 


181J 


American  Board  of  Com- 
missioners Tor  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, founiled. 

Steam  carriages  in  England. 
Gas     used    lor    lighting    the 
streets  ol"  London. 

Safety  lamp  invented  by  Sir 
Ilumphrey  Davy. 


In  England: 
//.  K.  White, 
Keats, 
Reg.  Ileber, 
Shelley, 
Crablie, 
Sir  W.  Scott, 
Byron, 
Coleridge, 
Lamb, 

Montgomery, 
Hcgi. 

France : 
Mad.  de  Stael, 
Mad.  deGeali.<. 
Chateaubriand 
Cuvier. 

Melendez  Val- 
dez,  Spanish 
poet. 


Uilderdvk, 
I     Uu;ch. 

German : 
W.  Schlegel, 
F  Schiegel, 
liichter, 
Kiiizebue : 
Weber     and 
Spohr.  musi- 
cal    compo- 
sers. 

Russia  : 
Karamsin, 
Somorokor, 
Dmitriev, 
Krilov. 


1307.  Embargo  on  all  the 
pori.s  ol'  the  United  States. 

Trial  of  Aaron  Burr  for 
treason. 

Slave  trade  abolished. 


J 300  James    Madison, 
4th  President. 


Embargo   repealed ;   the 
non-intercourse  act  passed. 


181 1.  Engagement  between 
tne  'President'  and  the 
'  Little  Helt.' 

Indians  on  the  Wabash, 
defeated  by  Gov.  Harrison. 

Population  of  the  United 
States,  7,23y.9a3. 


Great  Britain. 


1800.  Fourth  Coalition  against 
France. 


1307.  Bill  for  the  aaolftion  tti 

the  slave  trade,  passed. 


1803.  The  English,  undei 
\V  e  1 1  e  s  1  e  y  ,  enter  Spaia 
as  allies. 


1809.  Fifth  Coalition. 

Walcheren  expedition. 


1810.  War  with  Sweden. 


1511  George,  Prince  of  Wales, 
Prince  lU-gent,  (the  king  be- 
ing insane). 

Population  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, 12,552,144. 


181 


War  with  Great  Britain. 


Invasion  of  Canada  under 

Gen.  Hull  surrenders 

The    Constitution 

r  i  e  r  0  :  i 

(First  check  of  British 

naval  supremacy.) 

Wool    victorious   at 
Captain  Jones,  in  the 


The    "  United    States," 

The  Constitution,  Captain 

Louisiana  admitted  into 
the  Union. 
ISKi.  Perry's    victory 
on     Lake     Erie. 
H.ittle  of  the  Thames: 
Tecuraseh  killed. 
1814.     City    of    Washington 
burnt  by  the  liritish. 


Gen.  Hull. 

Detroit  to  the  British. 

captures    tie    Guer 

Lord    L  '  f  e  r  p  0  o  1 

premier. 
Queenstown,  O.t.  12. 
Wasp,  ca|)tures  lire  Frolic, 

Oct.  18. 

Captain  Decatur,  captures  the 
British  frigate  Macedonian. 

Bainbridge,  captures  the  Bri 
tish  frigate  Java. 


181-3.  Sixth  Coalition  again.st 
France — Prussia,  Russia, 
Sweden,  Great  Britain,  and 
Austria. 

1314.  Treaty  of  Chaumort  be- 
tween Austria,  Prussia,  Rus- 
sia, and  Great  Bri'ain. 


Peace  of  Ghent,  signed  Dec. 


1815.  Battle  of  New-Orleans; 
British  defeated  by  General 
Jackson,  Jan.  8. 

War  against  Algiers  de- 
dared. 


1815.  Candy  and  Alniora  cap- 
tured. 

Wellington    ric 
torious  at  Waterloo,  June  IS 


I8l5  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD, 


13; 


Victcry  of    Jena    over  the  Prussians. 
Berlin    decree. 


War  with  Russia. 

Battlti  ol'Friedland.— P  e  a  c  e 

of    Tilsit. 
Invasion    of    Portu- 

eal. 
French   in  Spain  defeatei! 

Vienna,  by  Sir  Anliur  VVel- 

lesley. 


Battle    ofWagra  m— 


Napoleon  marries  Maria  Lou- 
ise.— (Joiiiiiienial  peace  ex- 
cept witli  Spain. 

liirth  of  tile  emperor's  son; 
createil  king  of  liome. 

Siiult  victorious  in  Spain- 
takes  liadajos;  is  ilefeated 
by  the  English  at  Albuesa. 


ial:i  11  u  s  s  I  A  N    Campaign. 

IJaltlesof  Sinokiisko  and  Ho- 


M'lscdW  entered  by  Napoleon's 
army— and  bun  3d  by  the 
Russians. 


Virt.irirs    of    I,  n  t  z  e  n  , 
|{  a  u  t  7.  (■  n  ,  and    1)  r  e  .s  . 

den,     over  the  allies. 

H  a  I  t  I  e   of    I,  e  i  p  s  i  c  — 

I'lii;  allii--;  eiitrr  I'ans. 

\  a  p  o  I  1:  u  n    a  b  d  lea  t  e  s  , 

and   reiin-s  10  Idh.i, 
II  -,  !i  s  ,-      1,  f      1!  o  11  r  b  o  II 

:  e  ■:  !  o  r  e  d: 

-    I.  o  u  I  s    X  V  n  I . — - 

IM''  I!  ,o:i|.ar'i-  ivinrns  Irnm  KIha 
The  hundred  days. 
Na|i'ilcr.ii  viciiirioiiJ  at  F.iL'iiv. 

H.Aiii.K  Of  \VA  ri:iu  06. 

Itlie  aUlrs  enirr  I'.ni^. 
It  o  II  a  |i  a  r  t  e      h  a  n  i  s  li  ■ 
ed     to    St       Helena. 


Peace    of    Vienna. 
Metternich,    nunis- 


The  WoiiLD.  elsewhere. 


ISI'2.  Austria  in  alliance  with 
France  against  Russia. 


18K!.    War   of   German  inde- 

peiidrnce. 

Austria  joins   the  Coali- 

lioii. 
lionaparle      driven      to      lln: 

Kbme,  loses  his  whole  army. 


181.-;,  German  I.caL'iie. 

V  o  n  g  r  e  s  s    o  I    V  i  e  11 
n  a . 


1806.  Holland  :— Louis  Napo- 
leon, king. 

Prussia  at  war  with  Franc* 
m  alliance  with  Russia. 

1807. Ottoman  Empire  : — Mus 
tapha  IV. 


1808.  Spain  : — Ferdinand  VU. 

"     Joseph  Napoleon, 
Naples :— Muiat. 
Denmark  : — Frederic  VI 
Ottoman  Empire : — Mah 
moiid  II. 

1809.  Sweden  :— Charles  X!U 


I8I0.  South  America:— VE 
NEZUELA  declared  inde- 
pendent. 

ISU.  NEW  GRENADA   d» 

clared  independent. 


1J1.J.    Invasion   op   Russia 

by    Napoleon.— BURNING 
OF  MOSCOW. 

K  u  I  o  s  o  f  f     pursues 
the  retreating  I'rench. 

Poland  :— Diet  of  War- 
saw :  the  Poles  declared  a 
nation  by  Napoleon. 


181.).  S;inth  America  :—B  .> 
I  i  V  a  r  drives  the  Spiin 
iarils  from  Caraccas 


l-^ll.  Union  of  Holland  an.' 
llrlL'iuin,— I'.-are  of  Kiel 
SwcdfM.  and  Kiiiilaiid. 

l.'ninii  111  Sweden  ana 
Niiiway  as  two  kingdoms 
mulrr  "lie  moiiarcli, 

I8l."i.    Nedierlands:— William 

I  gis . . 

'  H'  h  e  "  U  o  1  V  Al- 
liance' '--Rus-sia,  iiuH- 
8ia,  and  Austria, 


134 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1815  A.D.- 


Proqress  op  Society,  etc. 


New  corn  law  in  England. 

Polytechnic  institution  at  Vi- 
enna. 

Manuiactories  introduced  into 
Polanil. 

Tlie  laniily  of  Rothscliilds 
conies  into  notice  at  Franli- 
I'ori. 

Abolition  of  tlie  slave  trade  by 
the  congress  of  Vienna. 


lSi6  Second  United  States  Uank 
chartered  for  20  years,  capi- 
tal $35,U0D,U00. 


1817 


1S21 
1822 

1823 

1824 


Public     schools     established 

ihroughoui  liussia. 
Belzuni  peiieiraies  the  second 

pyramid  of  Ciheza. 

Abolition  of  predial  bondage 
in  liavana  and  Wirteniberg. 


United  States. 


Great  Britain. 


1816.  United  States  Bank  in- 
corporated. 

Indiana    admitted 

1817.  James    Monroe, 
5th  President. 

Mississippi     8.d- 
mitted. 

1S18,   Illinois    admitted. 
War  with  the  Seminoles. 


First  passage  of  the  Atlantic  by  steam,  hy  the  Savannah- 
New- York  to  Liverpool. 


1820.   Maine    admitted. 


1826 


Rise  of  mechanic  institutions 
in  England. 

Hieroglyphics  deciphered : — 
Chuinpollion. — Sir  William 
Herschel  died. 

Huskisson's/j-ee  ^rarfe  system 

in  England. 
First  manufactory  171  Egypt, 

established  by  Alehemet  Ali. 

Inland  navigation  of  the 
Uiiiied  S'.."ies :  the  great 
Erie  Canal  opened. 


Mail-posts      in      Prussia. — 

Steam    7iavigation  on   the 

Rhine. 
General    financial  panic    in 

England. 
Vast    increase    of    periodical 
literature  in  England,  France, 

Germany,  America,  «&c. 


Alexander  Volla    dies,  disco- 
verer of  the  Voltaic  battery. 


1821.  Monroe  re-elected. 

Missouri    admitted. 
Slavery  comjiromise. 


ii.  Lafayette's  visit. 
Erie  canal  opened. 
Protective  tuTiff. 


1825.     J.   Q.  A  d  a  m  a  ,    6th 

President. 


1816.  Bombardment  of  Algiers 
— The  Dey  compelled  v 
make  peace  and  abolish 
slavery. 

1817.  Lord  Exmouth's  expe- 
dition to  Algiers 


1820.-  .3  e  o  r  g  e    IV  .^— 


182.'J.    Canning    ministry. 
The  Ashantees  in  Afiic* 
defeated. 


1825.  Commercial  treaty  witli 
Prussia. 


1827.    Treaty  of  London    k 
favor  of  Greece. 


1828.    Wellington  ministry  - 
Ksturbanc89  in  Ireland 


l828  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


itiai 


Congress  of  Aix  la  Chapelle. 
— France  joins  the  "  Holy 
Alliance." 


Death  of  Napoleon  at  St.  He- 
lena. 


-Charles     X  , 


Fieel  seiu  to  Algiers. 


Austria,  &c. 


1821.  Congres.s  of  nionarchs 
at  Laybach. — Insurrection 
in  Moldavia  and  VValiachia. 
— Alexander  Ypsilanti  de- 
feated and  carried  prisorjer 
to  Austria. 


The  World,  elsewtiete. 


1816.  Portuial  -John  VI. 'Hf 
in  Brazi. 

Union  of  Naples  and 
Sicily. 

1817.  Republic  of  the  Ionian 
Islands. 

India  :— The  cholera  com- 
mences its  ravases. 

1818.  Sweden  :— Charles  XIV. 
(Bernadotte.) 

India:— The  Mahraita 
power  completely  over- 
thrown, and  the  British  suc- 
ceeds. 

1819.  South  America :— Re- 
public of  COLOMBIA  :- 
Bolivar,     President. 

18'-!1  Ilayti : — B  oyer,  em- 
peror. 

South  America-— PERU 
an.l     GUATEMALA    inde- 
pendent. 
1822.   liltAZIL  declared  inde. 
pendent. 

Mexico  ; — Iturbide,  em- 


Declaration  of  Indepen- 
dence. 

Massacre  of  Scio. 
19^2').  lialy  :— Leo   XII.,  pope. 
LS:.M.  Death  of  Lord  Byron  at 

Mis.siilon-hi. 
1825.    Russia  ;— N  i  c  h  o  1  a  a 

182(5.  —War  witli  Persia. 

(; recce  :  —  Missolongh. 
taken  by  the  Turks. 
1827.  Ti'ealy   between  Ru.s.-.'J 
and     ibe' Porte    respecting 
Greece. 

Greei-e  :— B  a  t  t  1  e     of 
N  a  V  a  r  i  n  o  . 

Portugal: -Maria  deGle- 
A 

ria,  (|ni'en.f^ 

—  Rrbi-llion  in   favor  cl 
Don  Mimiel  as  regent. 
l'-^2S.    War    between    Russii 
and  the  Porte. 


136 


THE    world's    progress. 


1829  A.D. 


k..t>. 

Pkoorkss  op  Society,  etc. 

United  States. 

Great  Britaih. 

In  England  : 

Jeremy    licii- 
t/iam, 

Thomas  Chal- 
mers, 

Thomas  Dick. 

W.  Kirby, 

Hallam, 

hingaril, 

Wordsworth. 

Southey, 

FnA.vcE  ; 
Cii  c  ier. 
Talma,   trage- 
dian, 
Segur, 
La  Place, 
Beranger, 
Lamartine. 

Germany: 

Spohr, 
Mayerbeer, 

Campbell, 

Moore, 

Kotzebua, 
Gail, 

Leigh  IlunI, 

Mrs.  llemans. 
Hulicer, 

Sparzheim. 

1S29.    General     Jack- 

1829. Catholic  emancipation 

'•  Barry  Corn- 
wall." 

Sweden  : 

son,    7th  President  of  the 

Capiain  Ross'  voyage  to 

United  States. 

discover  a  North  West  pas- 

Tcgner, 

sage. 

Russia  : 

Dahlyren. 

Kuramsin, 

Italy  : 

Somorulcov, 

Rossini, 

Dmieiriev, 

Kriluv. 

Paganini. 

1330. —Wi  1  1  iam  I  V,^ 

U.   S.   A. 

1830.     Treaty     between     tlie 

.V.    Webster,      Wheaton, 

United  Stales  and  the  Porte. 

Earl  Grey,     minister. 

Irving,               Kent, 

Difficulties  with  China. 

Cooper,              miory, 

1331.  L  0  r  d    .1  0  h  n    R  u  s  - 

Flint,                 Gallatin. 

s  e  1  '  s    Reform  Bill  intro- 

Wirt,                Livingston, 

duced. 

Marshall,           Chan/ling. 

Cholera  first  appears  in 
England. 

I&IO 

Liverpool    and    Manchester 

Railroad  opened. 

1S31.  The  king  of  the   Netlier  laiiils  makes  his  award  on  the 

Thu  two  Landers  succeeil  m 

North  Eastern  Boundary,  be  tween  the   United  States   and 

traciu:!  the  Niger  Irom  Lake 

the  Briti^^h  provinces. 

Tcliad  to  llie  ocean. 

1832.  War  witli  tlie  Winneba- 

1332.  Reform  Bill  passed. 

ISJl 

The  lirst  nevvs|japei-  in  Con- 

goes  and  oilier  Indian  'ribes. 

^iianiUKiple.  —The    Faciocy 

—Cholera   in  New-Vo.-k.— 

Bid  iu  England,  liniitintc  the 

Nullilication  in  Souih  Caro- 

li lurs  ol  labor  lor  cliildren. 

lina.— General  .lacksoa's  ce- 

laii 

RpJ'urm  Bill  in  England : — 

lebrated  proclamation^ 

'j-Jrtcnsion  of  Suffrage. 

1833.  General  Jackson  re-elect- 

18-33.   Captain    Ross   returns 

Trade    unions    iu    England, 

ed  to  the  Presidency. 

from  his  voyage  ol    disco- 

I-'rauco. (Jeraiany,  Swiizer- 

Removal   of  the    Depo- 

very. 

laiid.  &c. 

sites  of   the   United    States 

183a 

Girard    College,  at   Pliiladel- 

from  the  U.  S   Bank. 

phia,  and  the  University  ol 

1831.  The  President  censured 

1331.  Sir    Robert    Peel 

New- York,  coinnienced. 

by  the  Senate  for  removing 

Premier.  —  Uifflculties    il 

1*34 

De    Tucquei'ille's  History  of 
Demoi-racy  in  America. 

the  Ueposiies. 

Canada. 

Inijiii.-iition       abolished       in 

1335.  Great  Fire  in  New-York. 

Spain. 

!~i;jo 

Shi  eery     aliolished    in     the 
British  culunie.-s. 

Boston  and  Lowell  Railroad 

1S3G.  The  national  debt  of  the 

completed. 

Uniteil  Spates  being  paid,  the 

iS3G 

James   Snii[hson.  of  London, 

surplus  revenue  is  divided 

bequca;hesi;iOtl,OdU  to    Uie 

among  the  States. 

United   S;a'.es    lor  the  esta- 

blishniem  ol'  an  Institution 

Treaty  with  Alorocco. 

1837.  —  Vir  toria  W~ 

"for  the  increase  and  diffu- 

13.'!7.    The    independence    of 

sion  of  knowledge   among 

T  e  X  a  3    ackuovvledged. 

7iie>i" 

The  i.tixor  obeli-k  erected  at 

Martin  Van  Buren, 

I"ari,s. 

Stli  President. 

I837A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


137 


\830 


laid 


Algiers  takftii. 


Three     Days'    Revo- 

i  u  t  i  0  n  ,    J  uly  27,  25,  and 

29. 
Lal'ayette,  commander  of  ihe 

Naiioiiai  Guai-a. 
Cliaiit's  X   a!i(iicati;s. 
— L  o  u  1  s    1'  h  1  1  i  p  J)  e    I  . 
ft 

(Iluuje  of  Orleans. )^g 


Ministry  of  Marshal   S  o  u  1 1 , 


Death  jf  Lafayette 


Insuncciiiiii  attempted  by 
l.oin.s  Napoleon  at  Stras- 
buri;. 


Austria,  &c. 


1&3:3.  The  Km- 
peror  of  Rus- 
sia visit.s  the 
Kmperor  ol 
Austria. 


Ferdi- 
nand 1.^ 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


t829.  Italy  :— Pius  VIII.,  pope. 

Algiers  taken  by  the  French. 

VENEZUELA    independent,    Qeneral 
P  a  e  z  ,    President. 


lS-30.  BELGIUM   revolts  from  Holland,  and 

is  declared  independent  in  August. 

1830.  Polish   struggle    for  nation- 
ality,  begins  November  19. 

Brazil : — Revolution  ;  Don  Pedro  IL^g 

1831.  Belgium  :—L  e  o  p  0  1  d     I  .^ 

The  Poles  victorious  at  Prayo. 

Italy  :—Greixory  XVI.,  pope. 
Poland :— Warsaw   capitulates  to  Rus- 
sia. 
1S32.  The  kingdom  of  GREECE  founded: 

O  t  h  o    I  .^ ■ 

Poland:— The     Insurrection     crushed. 

5000  families  sent  to  Siberia. 

— University  of  Warsaw   abolished. 

18.33.  Spain  :— Isabella. ^^ 

— Don  Carlos  claims  the  throne. 
I'ortUL'al  -.  —  k  ronsiiiuiioiial  monarchy. 
Ei-'vpt :— Mehemet  All  acknowledged  by 
the  Siil'iaii. 

.Mexico: — Sarilti  Anna.  President. 
18:!1.  Uuadriiple  alliance— England,  France. 
Sp.iiii.  ami   Portugal,  against  Don  Miguel 
and  Don  Carlos. 
18.3.").  The  Plague  it.  Egypt. 


183G   Spain  :— The  Queen  Regent  adopts  tha 

constitution. 


Texas:— B.ittli;   of  San  Jacinto,  SanU 
Anna  taken  prisoner. 


China:— A   <!ecree  10  expel  all  BritUk 

ar  J  other  barbtirian  merchants. 


138 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1837  A.D.- 


Proobess  of  Society,  etc. 


1837  S  .  F  .  B  .  M  o  n  s  E  takes 
out  a  p.iieat  for  his  Elec- 
tro-magnetic Tele- 
graph, (iiivemed  1S32  ) 
Sus[)eiision  of  specie  payments 
by  the  Banks  in  the  UniteJ 
States,  in  May. 

1333  The     Daguerreotype 
invented  in  Paris. 
Iniprovemeiu  o/'  the  condition 

ol'  the  Jews  in  Russia. 
An  Antarctic  Continent  disco 


ISiO 


1812 


l»^ 


:*lo 


l&lo 


Uniied  States. 


Penyiy  postage  system  in  Eng- 
land. 


Persecution  of   the    Jews    at 
Damascus. 


W!ieatsto?ie'3   Electric  Tele- 
graph patented  in  England. 


The  Crot  >n  Aqueduct  in  New- 
York  completed. 


Bain's  electro-jnagnetic  Tele- 
graph patented  in  London. 


Anti-rentism  "^   o.viached  in 
tlie  Siate  ol"  New-York. 


A  great  defVciion  fnnn  the  Ro- 
mish church,  under  the 
preaching  ol  Range,  in  Ger- 
many. 

Lord  Rosse's  Telescope 

Gutia  Perrha  in  use. 

Coinpleiion  ot'  the  Thames 
'I'unnel.  March  J.'). 

The  Planet  Xe/>tune.  pre- 
dicted by  I.e  Verrier,  dis- 
coverea  l)y  Dr.  (ialle,  ol 
Berlin,  SejH.  23. 


1838.  The  Exploring  Expedi- 
tion sails. 

1839.  Disturbances  on  the 
••  disputed  territory,"  be- 
tween Maine  and  New- 
Brunswick. 


vered  by  the    United    States 
Exploring  Expedition. 


1841.  W.    H.    Harrison, 
9th  President. 

He  dies  April  4.  just  one 
month  alter  his  inaugura- 
tion. 

John  Tyler,  sue. 
ceedshim,  as  10th  President. 

Congre.ss  meets  in  extra 
session.  .May  yi. 

Sub-Treasury  Act  re- 
pealed. Aug.  9. 

Bankrupt    Act    passed, 
August  18. 
ISl'i.  The  Dorr   Insurrection 
m  Rhode  Island. 

Treaty  between  the  Uni 


GUEAT    BkITAjN. 


1839.  The  Bi  itish  take  poose* 
sion  or  Ghuzne. 


1840.  The  uniform  Penng 
Postage  system  esta.iishei 

jMarriage  .  f  Queen  Vic- 
toria to  Prince  Albert  oi 
Saxe  Cobourg. 

War  with  Chita,  to  en- 
force the  opium  trade. 

War  in  Syria  : — Great 
Brnain  taking  part  with 
Austria  and  Turkey.  Lord 
P  a  1  m  e  r  s  1 0  n  '  s  foreign 
policy  excites  the  ill-will  oi 
France. 

1841.  The  war  with  China 
ended:  $6,UOO,000  received 
as  a  ransom  for  Canton 


1S44.  Texas  annexed  to 
the  United  States. 

Anti-rent  riots  in  New- 
York. 
181.5.  Treaty  with  China. 

.1  a  m  e  s  K  .  P  0  .  k  , 
llih  President. 

ISlG.  W  a  r  with  M  e  x  i  - 
c  o  : 

Hiistiiitios  commence  on 
the  Rio  Grande,  April  24. 

Battle  of  Palo  A'M, 
May  S. 

Battle  of  Resaca  de  a 
Palma,  May  9. 


1S42 

ted  States  and  England,  settling 
the  north-eastern  boundary. 

Treaty  of  peace    with 
China. 

1843.  Great  "Repeal" 
agitation  in  Ireland 

The  British  gain  posses- 
sion of  Scinde. 

1S14.  Daniel  O'Connell'3  trial 
and  in  prisonment — the  sen- 
tence reversed  by  the  He  us* 
of  Lords. 

1545.  Sir  John  Franklin  JtiU 
ill  search  of  tlie  noitk  itmi 
passage. 


1846  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


139 


Talleyrand  dies. 
Difficulty  wiih  Mexico:  cap- 
ture ol  SauJuaa  d'UUoa. 


l54C  pj-.nce  Louis  Napoleon  at- 
teriifn-^  a  lios;ile  descent  on 
the  coast  of  France,  near 
B'>ul!i.'iie — is  taken  prisoner, 
and  imprisoned  at  Ham. 


G  ',1  i  z  o  t  ,  minister  lor  fo- 
reign alfair-s. 

The  remains  of  Napoleon 
removed  iVoin  St.  Helena, 
and  deposited  with  great 
honors  at  the  InvaiiJes,  in 
Parii. 


Austria,  &c. 


i&W;The  duke  of  Orleans,  heir  to 
the  throne,  killed  by  a  lull 
Irom  Ills  cam, lire. 


183,9.  New 
'X'reaty  of 
commerce 
with  Eng- 
land, July  3. 


Ferdinand 
crowned  at 
iMilan,    Sep- 
tember 6. 


I*i4  Tlf  Diik.-  do  Nrmonrs  np- 
J)  iini.d  ll''L'iii'.  in  the  eveijt 
(d  the  kin_''s  death. 


Louis  Napoleon  escajjes  from 
Hiin,  .May  litj. 


The  World,  elsewheie. 


183.3.  Mexico :— The  Castle  of  San  Juu 
d'UUua  taken  by  tne  French. 

1S39.  Peace  between  France  and  Mexico, 

China : — The  Opium  trade  forbidden. 

Turkey  at  war  with  Egvpt, 

India  :— Ghuzne  taken  by  ti.e  British. 

18-10.  China  :— Canton  blockaded  by  the  Eng 
lish,  to  compel  the  renewal  of  'i>e  opium 
trade. 

HoUajid  ; — William  L  abdicates  : 
a 

William  11.^ 

Syria: — St.  Jean   d'Acre  taker,  by  th« 
English,  Austrians,  and  Turk,s 


1841.  China:— Canton  capitulates,  $6,000.00C 
paid  in  one  week,  as  a  ransom  fnr  the  city. 

Mexico  : — Santa  Anna  enters  the  capi- 
tal, and  |)laces  himself  at  the  head  of  the 

government. 


ISli  India:— lasurrection  in  AiTghanislan. 


1813  Tempor.-.ry  surrender  of  th«  Sandwich 
|sl;in,!s  to  (;re.it  Hritain,  compelled  by  Lord 
Geo.  I'aulet. 

Gri'fce ;— Kinz  Otho  compelled  to  ac- 
cept :i  coiisiitiitKJn,  Sept.  lo. 

Till:  Society  Ishinds  seized  by  a  French 
stin.idroii  — .■■■stored  by  the  govf-twnent. 

India.: — Scinde  annexed  to  the  British 
empire. 
ISll'i-   I'ol.-iml  :— A  powi'riiil.  but  unsuicessful 
insurrection  tii  Crtuow,  Feb.  ii3. 

Rome  :  — I'ins  IX.,  pope  ;  elected  Jaie    & 


Poland  :  -Cracow  deprived  of  its  aid* 
pendeitce,  Nov.  10. 


I40 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1846  A.D.- 


PaooRBsa   3F  Society,  etc. 


United  States. 


18i6.  The  Oregon    Trea 
Uing  the  North- Western  Bo 

Commodore  Sloat  takes 
possession  of  California 
July  6. 

New  Tariff  bill  passed, 
establishing  ad  valorem  du 
lies. 

Battle  of  Monterey,  Sep- 
tember 23. 

Tarapico  occupied,  No 
vember  1-1. 
lSi7.  Battle  of  Buena  Vista, 
Feb.  22. 

Battle  of  Sacramento 
Feb.  2(3. 

Vera  Cruz  surrenders, 
March  29. 

Battle  of  Cerro  Gordo, 
April  IS. 

Battle  of  Contreras,  Au- 
gust  20. 

Armistice,  Aug.  24. 
Hostilities  renewed,  Sep- 
teml)er  7. 

Battle  of  Molino  del  Rey, 
Sept.  8. 

Battle  of  Chepultepec, 
Sep.  12. 

Mexico    surren- 
ders, Sept.  14. 
1818.   Treaty   of   Peace   with 
Mexico,    signed    at  Guadu- 
loupe  Hidalgo,  Feb.  22. 

The  cultivatioi  of  the    Tea'  plant    in  the  United  States, 
commenced    by    J.    Smith,  near  Greenfield,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


Great  Bkitain. 


t  y    with  Great   Britain,  sel 
undary,    signed    at    Louion, 
June  18. 


Suspension  Bridge  at   Nia- 
gara Falls,  opened  July  29. 


1847.  Severe  famine  in  Ire- 
land. Large  suppliee  o( 
food  sent  from  the  United 
States. 

The  Bogue  forts  in  China 
taken  and  destroyed,  April 
26. 


1348.  Civil  war  in  Ireland. 

John  Mitchell,  tried  auJ 
comlenined  to  transporta- 
tion. May  26. 


Postal  convemion  betw  een    the    United    States    and 
Great  Britain. 


First  deposit  of  Califor 
nia  gold  in  the  mint,  Dec.  8, 


Emigration   from    <3urope   to  America    during   Uiis    year, 

3uo,uyo. 


Habeas  Corpus  Act  su» 
pended  in  Ireland,  Julv  25. 


Smith  O'Brien  arrested 
and  condemned,  A  ug.  5. 


Return  of  Row't  Brp* 

dition,  Nov. 


l84<S  A.D.  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


141 


IW 


lAiS 


Reform    Banquets    in    Stras- 
burg,  Chartres,  &c. 


Michelet's  Lectures  interrupt- 
ed by  the  ministers,  Dec. 

Abil-elKader  capiured,  Dec. 
22. 

Debate  on  the  Reform  Bill, 
Feb.  8. 

Pri)|)OPeii  Banquet  a'  Paris, 
abandoned,  Feb   21, 

Revolutio>  com- 
menced,   Feo.  22. 

liarricades  erected,  Feb.  23. 

I.oui.-J  ]'tiilifipe  abdicates  anii 
IlK^s,  Feb.  2i. 

I'rovisKJiial  government  esta- 
blished. 

I,  a  m  a  r  I  i  n  e  ,  Provisional 
I'resident.  Feb.  24. 

French  liepulilic  proclaimed. 
I''eb.  2G. 

Meeiinir  of  the  National  As- 
senibiy,  .May  4. 

Bloody  Iii'-iirrection  in  Paris, 
June  23-25. 

Cav;ii(.'riac,  militarv  dictamr, 
June^t, 

Paris  in  a  state  of  sieL'e. 

New  f.'onsiiuitioa  adopted. 
Nov.  4. 


Austria,  &c. 


j  I>  11  u  i  s  N  a  p  o  1  e  o  n  Bo 
n  a  p  a  r  t  e  ,  elected  Pii 
si  lint.  Dec.  HJ. 


1847.  Austria 
takes  posses- 
sion of  C}'a- 
cow. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1847.    Prussia :— Frederic  William  granto  e 
constitution,  Feb.  8. 

Ilayti :— Soulouque,  President,  March  i 


Algiers  — Abd-el-Kadei  made  a  prisonei 
to  France,  Dec.  22. 


1818.     Sardinia  : — Charles     Albert     protests 
against   the  encroachment  of   Austria,  and   calls  out  an 
ariny  of  2o,0(X)  men,  Jan   10. 

Naples  : — Rebellion  at  Palermo,  Jan.  12. 
Sardinia  :— Charles  Albert  proclaims* 
constitution,  Feb.  8. 

Bavaria  : — Disturbance.?  on  account  ot 
I.ola  Montes — the  king  abdicates  in  favor  of 
his  son, 


-Maximilian  II. 


March  22. 


Charles  Albert 


The  Ban,lella- 

cbich    ap- 

poH.ted  L'OV- 

eriior    of 
iluiiL'ary, 

(Jci.  :i. 

In.-uricciiiiii  at 
Vienna,  Oct. 
5. 

18i8.  The  Fni- 
[le.ror  leaves 
the  city.  The 
HmiL'arian 
army  advan- 
ces within  6 
rmles  of  Vi- 
enn;i,()ct.ll. 

Wmd^sch- 
gratz  ap- 
pomted  contl- 
maridi^r  of 
the  imperial 
army. 


enters  Milan,  March  2,3. 

Denmark  : — Revolt  of  Schleswig-IIol- 
stein,  March  20. 

Sicily  declared  independent,  April  3. 
Ilollanil  receives  a  constitution,  April  17. 

Poland  :— Unsuccessful  revolt  at  Cra- 
cow. A|)ril  25. 

Sicily  :— The  Duke  of  Genoa  elected 
kinir.  July  10. 

Inilia  :— Insurrection  in  Ceylon.  Aug.  16. 

Armistice  sicned  between  Denmark 
Prussia  and  Swedini,  Aug.  20. 

India: — The  British  make  an  unsuc- 
cesslul  attempt  on  Moultan. 

Sii'ily  :— ."\lessina  bombarded  and  taken. 
Sept    2. 

llunsary  :— K  oss  u  th  appointed  Pre 
sideiit  of  the  Defence  Committee,  an  \  Dicta 
tor,  Oct. 


142 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRP:SS. 


1848  A.D. 


1^9 


A  Tiejo  planet  discovered  by 
Ganparis,  at  Naples. 


United  States. 


1819.  Zachary    Taylor, 

12th  President. 


Great  Britain. 


Magnetic  Telegraph   lines  iu  use  in  the  United    States    in 
lt>4'.),    lO.UDU  miles. 


ir-50 


Tubidar  Bridge  in  Anglesea, 
England. 


Magnetic  Clock,  invented  by 
Jjh:  Locke,  at  Cincinnati. 


Rail  Roads  GAiO 


Emigration  from  Europe    to  America,  during  thia  year,  at 
the  rate  of  1000  a  day. 


1349.  Moultan,  in  India,  tafcea 
Jan.  3. 


Great  agitation  on  the  Slavery 
Question  in  the  United 
States  Congres.'). 

Tlie  Pekin  Monitor,  a  new 
paper,  printed  ii\  China. 

The  Sultan  of  Turkey,  grants 
permission  to  the  Jews  to 
build  a  temple  on  Mount 
Zion. 

A  University  founded  at  Syd- 
ney, New  South  Wales. 


Deaths  in  1850 : 

tJ.    S.    A.  EUROPE, 

A.  Jiidson,        Word^lWorth, 
S.  M.  Fuller,  Jcif.ey, 
M  L.  Davis.     Neandor, 
IZschokke, 
JBerzelius, 
'Balzac. 


1850.  John  C.  Calhoun  died  at 
Washington. 

Attempted  invasion  of 
Cuba  : — tiOO  adventurers  un- 
der Lopez,  repulsed  at  Car- 
denas, May. 

Death  of  Gen.  Taylor, 
July  9. 

Millard  Fillmore, 
13th  President. 

California  ad- 
mitted, 31st  State. 

Texas  boundary  settled, 
by  the  payment  of  10,000,000 
dollars  to  Texas. 

New-Mexico  and  Utah 
admitted  as  Territories. 

Bill   for    the    arrest   of 
fugitive  slaves  passed  by  Con- 
gress. 
Slave  trade  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  abolished. 


1850.  The  war  ai  I,ahore  fiiv 

ished,  and  th'i  Punjaub  an- 
Hexed  to  the  British  crawn. 


A  British  fleet  blockadet 
the  ports  of  Greece,  to  en- 
force the  alleged  claircs  o< 
British  subjects. 

Sir  Robert  Peel  die* 
July  2. 

Ilaynau,  "the  Auatriaii 
butcher,"  chastised  by  th* 
draymen  in  London,  >5ipt- 


I  850  A. D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


143 


l,o!ii«  Philippe   (lies  in  Enj 


Austria,  <fc(: 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


I 

348.  The  Em-  1848 

])eror  issues  a 

proclamation 

against      the! 
^city.  _        i  _ 

Kossuth  withdraws  his  army  from  Vienna,  Oct.  27. 


The  Imperiai 
ists  lake  pos- 
sei:sion  ol  Vi- 
enna, Nov, 
2. 


Ferilinaml  ab- 
dicates, Dec. 
2. 

—  r  r  a  n  c  i  s 

Joseph  '^g 


1819.  A  new 
C'un-ititutinn 
pruniuigaied 
March  -4. 

Bre.<cia  taken 
1)V  Uaynaii, 
Marcli  30. 


Rome :— M  a  z  z  i  11  i  '  s  proclamation 
Oct.  29. 

Prussia :— The  king  prorogues  the  Aa- 
eembly,  Nov.  K. 

— Tlie  liiuTher  Guard  of  Ilf-lintTefuse  to 
give  up  tliuh-  arms.  Tlie  city  in  a  state  oi 
siege.  Nov.  12. 

Home  : — Count  Ro.^.si.  ihe  Pope's  prime- 
minister.  ass:ls^iIlaipd.  Nov.  Hi. 

India:— Great  baiile  near  Ramnugcur, 
Nov.  ■^^. 

Rome  :— The  Pope  escapes  in  disguise, 
Nov.  24. 

Unnsarv  declared  inde])endent,  Dec. 
1R19.  India:—' .Moultan  taken   liy  the  British, 
Jan.  3. 

Italy:- The  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany 
flii^s.  Provisional  Government  proclaimed, 
Feb.  0. 

Rome  :— Republic  proclaimed,  Feb.  9. 

Sicily:  — A  new  Cimsiiiuiion  conceded 
by  Naples.  March  0. 

Sardinia  : — (Charles  Albert  defeated  by 
Radetsky,  Marcli  21— asrain  totally  defeated 
at  Novarra,  .March  2:!,  he  abdicates  the 
throne  in  iavor  of  his  son. 

—Victor  nmnnuel.  ^ 

India  :~Tlie  Punj.iub  anni^xed  to  tnfl 
British  Empire,  .March  29. 

Italy: — Insurreciioti  in  Genoa,  April  !, 


Russia   comes  to  the  aid  of  Austria  asainst  Ilunsary,  April 
2G. 

Rome  :— The  Ficnch  .-irmv  arrives  \ui- 
der  the  walls  ol   Koiiu^  A|.r:l  2'.). 

Ilaynau  takes  command  of  the  Au<iriim  army  in  Ilungiiry, 
Jiini'. 

Rome  surrendrrsio  tlie  French,  July  2. 
Garibaldi  leavrs  ilir  city.  July  .3. 

Riune  :— The  L'overnmeiii   pl;iced  in  lh« 
li;indsol  the  Popi^'s  commissioners,  Aug.  3. 

(;org(!y  iraitor-ously  surrenil'-rs  10  the  liiis~i:ins,  Aug.  11. 
Kos-li:h  r  ■(■:i|ir~  into  Tiirkev. 
Vrniee  c;i|iiiu:.'ili--  10  Kadel^kv.  An?.  22. 
IW.'jl).    Rome:  -'I'hr  Pope  rei  urns,  .April. 


Grei 
Britain 
forced  0 

Ghii 
JteR  : 


;    ihe    cliiims   of    Gr 
.1'    lirili-  h   snbj.'Cis  : 


li^pule 

fi-vs 

1)111. 

■'I'Ik;      lOmperiir     Taii-Kwiuig, 

— Szc  hiiig  Y^  3  iccemla. 


T44 


THE    world's    TROGRESS. 


1850  A.I). 


OF  Soo'F.xr,  etc. 


1S50  On  the  subject  of  tlic  Mobbing 
of  Nrar^hii!  Haynau  diiri.ig 
a  visit  to  a  Lou'ioii  bro.very, 
notes  pass  between  Austria 
and  Great  Britain,  tenni- 
natina:  in  attireat  of  retalia- 
tion on  tlie  part  of  tlie  latter, 
Sept. — Nov. 


A  Memorial  for  the  annexa- 
tion of  Canada  to  the  U.  S. 
received  in  five  hours  tlic 
sisrnatures  of  30(1  merchants, 
landowners,  and  jirofes- 
sional  men,  in  Montreal, 
Oct.  10. 


Wommi'f!  THrjhfa  Con- 
vention, hchi  at  Worcester. 
Mass..  Oct.  23. 


ered  by  Capt.  McClure  (Br. 
Navv)  in  tlio  luvestisator, 
Oct."'26. 


The  British  Consul  at  Charles- 
ton calls  the  attention  of 
the  Governor  of  Ji^outli  Ca- 
rolina to  a  law  of  that  State, 
under  which  British  sea- 
men (colored)  are  impris- 
oned when  they  enter  her 
ports  for  trade'  or  in  dis- 
tress, T)ec. 


Deaths  in  1S50: 

v.  R.  A. 

J.  C.  Calhotm,  Senator,  U.  S. 

Sam-.  Miller.  D.D. 

Z.  rayZor, President, U.S. A. 


1S50.  California  admitted  as 
a  State,  Sept. 

Fugitive     Slave     Bill 
passed,  Sept. 


Din un ion  Meetiri r/s  held  at 
Xatcliez  (many  present  op- 
posed to  disunion);  at  Tazoo 
Cit_v  (resolutions  proposed 
voted  down).  Oct.  7;  at 
Naslivillo  (this  convention 
passed  resolutions  recom- 
mending a  congress  of 
elavehoiding  States),  Nov. 
19. 


Union  Meetings  held  at 
Mobile,  Dayton,  and  New 
York,  in  Oct. ;  at  Philadel- 
phia, and  Manchester,  N. 
II..  in  Nov.;  and  at  Bath, 
Me.,  in  Dec. 


The  Advance  and  Rescue. 
American  vessels  in  searcli 
of  Sir  J.  Franklin,  com- 
pletely fastened  in  the  ice. 
Sept.  13.  In  tlieir  northerlv 
arift  reach  lat.  T5°  23',  Oct.  I. 


Conventions  held  to 
amend  the  Constitutions  of 
tlieStatesof  Imli.'xna  (Oct.7). 
Yirfr!nia(Oct.  14).  Maryland 
(Nov.  4),  New  Hampshire 
(Nov.  6). 


Lopez  and  others  tried  at 
New  Orleans  for  engaging 
in  an  expedition  against 
Cub,a,  Dec.  17. 


Webster  replies  to  Iliilse- 
mann  on  the  rights  <'f  neu- 
tral nations,  Dec.  21. 


lS-')0.  Great  excitement  and 
agitation  in  England  respect 
ing  a  disi)Ute  on  doctrine  be 
tween  the  Bisliop  of  Eietet 
and  the  liev.  Dr.  Gorliam, 
one  of  liis  clergy.  The  Privy 
Council's  decision  in  favor 
of  tlie  latter  afterwards  rati- 
fied by  the  Courts. 


Searches  for  Sir  J.  Frank- 
lin— the  North  Star  returns 
to  Siiitlie.ad  unsuccessful, 
Sept.  2S.  The  Prince  Albert 
arrives  at  Aberdeen  with  tli  t 
intelligence  that  traces  ii 
his  party  had  been  fountl  \it 
Cape  Keilly  and  Beecby 
Island,  at  tlie  entrance  to 
Wellington  Channel,  Oct.  I. 


Appointment  by  tie 
Pope  of  several  Roman  Ci- 
tliolic  bishops  and  arcl- 
bishops  in  England,  causis 
great  excitement,  and  s  i 
indignant  letter  from  Loid 
J.  Russell,  the  premier, 
Nov. 


English  forces  defoatod 
by  tlie  Catfres  in  South 
Africa,  with  considerabli 
loss,  and  obliced  to  retretl 
to  their  fort,  Dec.  29. 


i8;o  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


145 


France. 


Austria,  etc. 


The  World,  elsenhare. 


1S50  President  creates  h\<  uncle 
Jerome  a  Marshal  of  France, 
Jan.  1. 


300  Soldiers  drowned  at  An- 
glers by  fall  of  a  bridge, 
Apr.  15. 

P'rench  Ambassador  recalled 
from  London,  in  conse- 
quence .f  a  diificultv  con- 
nected with  an  iJnglish 
claim  on  Greece,  May  16. 

New  Elector.al  Law,  restrict- 
ing the  right  of  sutl'rage, 
pa-ssed,  May  .31. 

Arrangement  witli  England 
on  the  Greek  dispute,  June 

Dotation  Bill,  giving  the  Pre- 
sident '2,l0'i,()iiij  francs 
(l|4iio,ti00)  per  annum, 
passed,  June  2-1. 


1350,  Prus.sia :— T!ie  King  takes| 
the  oatli  requireil  by  the  Gon-l 
stitution,  Feb.  0.  Attempt  toj 
assassinate  him,  May  22,  ! 

Treaty  signed  at  Munich' 
between  .Austria,  Bavaria,  Sax-; 
ony,  and  Wurtemburg,  to  main-, 
t.ain  tlie  German  Union,  Feb,  27. 

Wurtem.burg  denounces  the 
insidious  ambition  of  the  King 
of  Prussia,  and  announces  a 
league  between  Wurteinburg, 
Bavaria,  and  Sa.tony,  under  the! 
sanction  ot  Austria,  .March  15.    | 

Hesse-Darmstadt  withdraws 
from  the  Prussian  le-ague,  June 
.30. 
Treaty  of  Peace  between  Prussia  anil  Denmark,  July  2 

A  Congrcv*s  of  Deputies  from 
the  States  included  in  the  Prus-' 
sian  Zollverein  opened  at  Cas-  ISS'i.    Denmark:   Bloody 


sel,  July  li 

Prussia  refuses   to  join   tl 
restricted    Diet    of    Frajikfort. 
Aug.  25< 


DifTiciilties  occurring  ir 
IIesse-C,a.ssel.  between  theElec 
tor  and  Ids  people,  in  regard  to 
the  mode  of  taxation.  Austria 
and  Prussia  res[iecti\-ely  send 
arndes  to  the  Electorate,  to  take 
opposite  parts  in  the  struggle, 
Sei)t.— IS'ov. 

Austrian  ultimatum  deliv- 
ered at  Berlin,  directing  that 
Prussia  evacuate  Hesse  in  eight 
day.s,  dissolve  the  ErfurtLeague, 
and  recognize  the  Diet,  etc.,  re- 
jjlied  to  Ijy  the  I'russiau  Kmtr's 
siirning  the  order  calling  out  the 
whole  military  force  of  the  mo- 
narchy, Nov.  6. 

The  Ilussian  Ambassador  at 
Vienna  announces  that  the  Czar 
"would  consider  the  continu- 
ance of  the  I'russiaii  policv  in 
till!  Electoralo  a-s  a  cn.-iU.^  hr/Ji." 
Nov.  U. 

Treaty  of  Amnesty  an- 
nounced at  Berlin.  Dec.  .3. 

Fnuu'j'.  protests,  and  Great 
Britain  remonstrates,  at  Vienna, 
against  the  proposed  extension 
of  the  Germatdc  Confederation 
beyond  tha  Alps,  Dec. 


but  indecisive  battle  ol 
Idstedt,  between  tlie 
Danes  and  Soldeswig 
Ilulsteiners,  July  25 


Yucatan :  —  Battle, 
near  close  of  the  year, 
between  the  White* 
and  Indians;  latter  vic- 
torious; 300  Wliitei 
killed. 


146 


THE    WORLD  S    TROCiRESS. 


1 85  I  A.D. 


Pr.OOKESS  OF  Sof  IKTY,   2tc. 


Jas.  Richarilson,  the  African 
travelliT,  dies  at  llie  villasre 
of  Unqui-ta.  six  days  distant 
from  Kdiilca,  tlie  capital  of 
Boriioii,  Marcli  4 


A  Company  of  Gipsies  from 
England  arrive  in  Cecil 
county,  Maryland,  U.  S., 
bringing  with  lliem  all  their 
wandering  habits  and  pecu- 
liarities, March. 


According  to  the  evidence 
of  Mr.  Bain.'S  before  a  Com 
mitteeofthe  IIonseofCoTn 
mons.  tlii're  were  in  Great 
Britain  l:;.r.).'5  places  of  wor 
ship  dis<enting  from  tin 
tenets  of  the  EstHblished 
Church,  to  which  may  be 
added  l!<im:in  Catholic 'Cha- 
pels, 507.  minor  sects  and 
Jews.  5.")i);  tot.al  noncon- 
formist chury:ies.  !4.:Uil. 

E.rhibiUon  of  the  Works 
of  Iii'lusiri/  of  It'/  yafio]h 
inaiiguraled  by  Qiieon  Vic 
toria.  May  1. 

W'yld's  monster  glolx 
erected  in  London  :  em 
ployed  300  men  nearly  "• 
days  in  fitting  up  the  inte 
rior. 


Daguerre,  the  discoverer  o 
i  the  D'lijin-rredn  or  Photo- 
I  fjrap'iic  Art,  dies,  aged  CI, 
i     July  19. 


The  Oath  of  Abjuration  (-Tew) 
Bill  parses  the  British 
House  of  Commons,  with 
only  verbal  protest.*  from 
theobjectini  niinnrity.  July 
3;  but  is  refused  a  second 
reading  in  the  House  of 
Lords, 'July  IT. 


UxrTKr)  States. 


1551.  General  Quitman  of 
Mississippi  arrested  for  al- 
leged violation  of  the  neu- 
trality law  of  ISIS,  by  set- 
ting on  foot  a  military  ex- 
pedition against  Cuba.  He 
resiiTus  his  olUce  of  Gover- 
nor."" Feb.  .3. 

Erie  Canal  Enlarsement 
Bill  defeated  in  tho"  N.  Y. 
Senate  by  the  withdrawal  or 
resignation  of  12  democratic 
members.  Apr.  16 ;  but 
afterwards  passed  by  a  new 
Lesrlslature. 

"Minofs  Ledge  Light- 
house. Boston  Harbor,  car- 
ried away.  It  was  hist  seen 
standing  about  3  o'clock. 
P.M.,  April  16. 

Arrest  of  a  notorious 
band  of  desperadoes  in  Mi- 
chigan. Apr.  21. 

Initial  point  of  the  Boun- 
dary between  the  United 
States  and  Mexico  establish- 
ed on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Uio  Grande  del  Norte,  in  3: 
22  north  latitude,  and  219.4 
meters  from  the  center  of 
the  bed  of  the  river,  by  the 
American  and  Jlexican 
Commissioners,  and  a  mon- 
ument erected  recording 
the  same.  April  24. 

President  issues  a  procla 
mation,  warning  all  personi 
within  the  juris<liction  of 
the  United  States  not  to  aid 
or  engage  in  any  expedition 
against  the  Island  of  Cuba. 
.\pr.  25. 

Convention  of  Delesates 
from  the  Southern  Kisrlits 
.Associations  of  South  Caro- 
lina meets  at  Charleston 
May  5;  and  ailjourns  after 
resolving  that,  "with  or 
without  coiiperation.  they 
are  fir  a  dissolution  of  t!ie 
Union."  May  S. 

Erie  railroad  opened 
from  .New  York  city  to 
Dunkirk,  409  miles,  by 
President  Fillmore,  l).aniel 
"SVebster,  etc.,  May  15. 

Riot,  with  loss  of  life, 
at  lloboken,  \.  J.,  between 
Germ.ans  and  ''short-boy" 
rowdies  from  New  York, 
.May  20. 

Serious  confl.a.:rations  In 
California.  San  Francisco 
alone  sutlers  by  tliera  In 
Mav  and  June  to  t  ;ie  amount 
of  $12,000,1)00. 


Great  Britain. 


1S51.  A  stroTig  force  of  Catfres 
attacks  Fort  White,  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  — roi)ulsed,  loss 
2il  killed.  The  Cati're  chief. 
Hermanus.  with  a  body  of 
Catfres  and  Hottentots."  at- 
tacks Fort  Beaufort,  but  is 
repulsed,  ho  and  liis  son 
killed,  his  band  completely 
routed.  3,(iO0  CalTres  attack 
the  Colonists  and  thejr  allies 
near  Fort  Hare ;  driven 
back  with  the  loss  of  100 
killed,  Jan.  .  Col.  Somer- 
.set  captures  and  burns  Fort 
Armstrong,  90  Catfres  killed, 
230  taken  prisoners,  Feb. 
23.  The  llottentot-s  of  the 
Theopolis  Mission  St.atlon 
in  Lower  .Albany,  join  in 
tiio  insurrection.  May  31. 
They  are  defeated  in  actions 
with  the  English  troops  on 
the  3d  and  5tb  of  June. 

The  Kusseil  Ministry  re- 
sign, Feb.  22;  but  after- 
wards res'ime  office,  the 
Earl  of  Derby  not  having 
succeeded  in  forming  a 
Cabinet. 

The  Prohibited  Affinity 
Marriage  Bill  lost  in  tlie 
H<nise"of  Lords.  Fob.  ar-; 
Lord  Campb:ll  and  tho  I^- 
clesiastical  Bench  vctlsi 
against  it 


1 85  I  A.D. 


A  CHROXOLOC.ICAL  RECORD. 


147 


Ministry  lesign,  Jan  3. 

Presidential  Udtation  Bill, 
proposini;  an  additional 
grant  of  ],SOO,00i)  francs, 
rejected  in  tlie  Assembly, 
Feb.  IS. 


Tlic  Pub-CoTnmitteo  of  the 
Assenjl.ly  ;ip[)oiiited  bv  tlie 
ConiiiiiflVc  of  llevi^lori  to 
aii!lh-iit.cato  pelitions,  re- 
port, that  ii|ito  July  1,  th.' 
pi-iition-<  had  be.-n"  siirncd 
by  1.1 -J:',.!!;:!  pfr-ons,  thus 
ela^sifi.'il  :  For  revision- 
741.01 1  ;  for  reviiiidii  and 
pro!..ii_-a!iMn  of  po'.vei-s, 
3To..-dl  ;  i;.r  proloniralion  of 
powers,  1-J.l  -;} — July  Tj. 


The   qtieitlon    of  revision    of 

I  the   Constltiillon   a-ain    ta- 

'  ken  in  t'.\i'  A-'^i'in'.!  v,  whi'U 

I  a  (niiiorify  u-a-  d.'cl;ircd  f)T 

I  le^^  t'lan'tho  thr fourths 

,  r.'(|iir"d    hv   til''   (;on>titu- 

1  tio:,,  J  ilv  10. 


•51.  Denmark:  —  The  Government  of 
ischleswiLT-Holstein  yields  to  tlie  Com 
missioners  of  tlio  Germanic  Confedera 
tion.  Jan.  10. 

The  x\ustrians  complete  their  inUl- 
tary  [Kissession  of  Hamburcr.  Jan.  31, 
aiu'.  the  now  iiovernment  issues  it.s  jro- 
clamation.  declariuir  its  resum[ition  o1 
the  seiL'norial  rule  of  the  Kiny  of  Den- 
mark, Feb.  ■>. 

Danisii  mininir  operations  in  Green- 
land [iroduce  larLro  quantities  of  coppei 
ore.  yielding  about  On  per  cent. 
The  Austrian  Government  and  the  Ottoman  I'orte  eome  to 
the  following  settlement  respectin;:  the  llunsarian  Ilefu- 
gces:  Full  and  entire  amnesty  conditioned  on  their  not 
attempting:  to  enter  Iliinirary.  Ki;rht  e.\c<'pte<l,  amonj 
them  Kossuth  and  Bathvanv,  Feb.  II. 


Charles  L.. 
Brace,  an  .\m- 
erican.  arrested 
anilimprisoned 
in  lluntrary.  on! 
a  charge  ol^ 
"  bein^a  m.em- 
ber  of  the  de-j 
mocratic  com-j 
m  i  1 1  e  e.  an' 
agent  of  T'j- 
bazy  and  Cretz,  | 
and  of  travel- 
inz  with  rovo-j 
lutionary  writ- 
ings, tc  sjiread 
revolutionary  | 
movements, 
Mav  ■>■■',. 


Inauziirafion' 
of  Hunch's  co- 
lossal stntui'  of 
Fn-dcrick  tiie 
Givat  at  Ber  i 
lin,  .Mav31.      ! 


The     Ger-' 
manic  Diet,  in ; 
answiT  to  Lord. 
I'aliu.u-slon's     | 
protest  aL'ainst, 
annexins  t  !ie     ', 
non-Ger;r.auio 
provin....s  of      I 
Au-trhi  to  the  I 
Germanic  I"e- 
deriliun.   savs, 
"That  no  fo- 
re i_'n  interfe- 
renc- should  be 
allowi'il   ill   n 
purely  Gpriiian 
qui'Stion.'Mul  V 
17. 


Australia  : — Discovery  of  large  gold 
fields  near  Batiiurst,  Feb. 

E.ast  Indies:— Fort  of  the  celebrateii. 
pirate  .<u!tan  of  Soloo  dc'Stroyed  by  tlio 
Spaiush    Government   of  Manilla,   Feb. 


Haw.'di : — The  difficulties  betsveet\ 
the  Hawaiian  and  F^rench  (iovernmetita 
are  arran<.'i'd  .according  to  the  ti-rms  of  a 
■'mutual  declaration."  jiublislied  tit  Ho- 
nolulu. siLTiied  by  the  minister  of  Ibreijin 
rvlations  and  .M.  I'errin,  the  I'roncb 
commissioner.  Marcii  25. 


New  Granada: — Congress  adjourns. 
It  pa-<sed  a  law  abolishing'  slavery  in 
the  ri'puhlie.  to  take  effect  January  1, 
1S52.     MayL'!). 


Italv  : — An  earthquake  destroys  Mel 
fl.  a  cit'v  of  in.iHHi  iuhabiiants.  ahout  \i>(] 
miles  S.  F,.  of  Naples,  and  other  towns 
in  it-i  virinitv.  Si'\en  -hocks  occi;rred 
within  ■_'!  hiiiirs.  M.'lll  was  -ep^iated 
by  a  ravine  from  Mount  Vollure.  upon 
which  .'ire  many  extinct  craters.  Not 
less  than  iS.oiio  persons  are  saiil  to  lun'vi 
perislied.     July  14. 


y.cuador :— Gen.  Dictro  \ovoa.  I'*resi- 
dent  of  the  Itepuhlie,  seized  and  put 
on  hoard  a  t.'o\  ernitient  vessel  by  Gea 
rrbinn,  wlm  a-^-umes  the  .admin  stra 
tion  of  the  (ioverntuent.     J'jly  17. 


148 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS, 


1 8s  I  A.D. 


1HS1 


Peogrkss  of  Societt,  etc. 


The  lord  mayor  of  London, 
with  fcveral  of  the  ahier- 
inen  and  coninion  council 
men,  tiie  royal  commission- 
ers of  tlie  JC.xposition  of  In- 
dustry, etc.,  and  tlie  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  royal 
commissioners,  leave  Eng- 
land for  France,  by  invita- 
tion of  the  prefect  of  the 
Seine.  Tliey  are  entertained 
with  dinners,  balls,  shan 
fights,  and  reviews  of  troop: 
—Aug.  1. 


United  States. 


The  inauguration  of  the  rail- 
w.ay  between  St.  Peters- 
burg and  Moscow,  in  Kus- 
sia,  takes  place  Sept.  1. 


ISol.  "  Vigilance  committee  " 
at  San  Francisco  hang  a 
man  for  stealing,  .June  10, 
and  another,  July  11. 

Gov.  McDougal  of  Cali- 
fornia issues  his  proclama- 
tion, warning  tlie  cili/.ens  of 
tlie  State  against  "  vigi- 
lance committees,"  and 
calls  upon  all  persons  to  aid 
in  sustaining  the  law,  July 
21. 

jN"icaragua  route,  be- 
tween New  York  and  San 
Francisco,  opened,  Aug.  12. 

The  people  of  Litclifleld 
county,  Connecticut,  cele 
brate  "the  2ii0th  anniversary 
of  its  settlement,  Aug.  13 
and  14. 

Great  riot  in  New  Or 
leans,  growing  out  of  the 
Cuban  exjiedition.  Houses 
of  Spani-^h  residents  at 
tacked.  Tlie  Spanish  con^ 
sul  is  obliged  to  a'^k  protec- 
tion, and  is  placed  in  the 
citv  prison  for  safety,  Au 
21." 

Riot,  with  loss  of  life,  at 
Christiana,  t'a.,  upon  an  at- 
tempt to  arrest  a  fugitive 
slave,  Sept.  11. 

U.  S.  brig  Dolphin  sails 
on  an  expeiiition  to  run  a 
line  of  soundings  for  tele- 
graphic purposes  across  tlie 
Atlantic,  Oct. 

Cotton-pl.anters'  conven- 
tion (oOO  members)  meets 
at  Macon,  Ga.  Its  object 
being  to  prevent  fluctua- 
tions in  the  price  of  cotton. 
Little  liarmony  of  views  or 
concord  of  action  manifest- 
ed.   Oct 

U.  S.  steam  frijate  Mis- 
sissippi sent  to  Turkey  for 
Kossuth,  receives  liiui  on 
board  in  the  Dardanelles. 
The  French  government  re- 
fuses to  allow  Kossuth  to 
I)ass  through  France.  The 
Mississippi  proceeds  on  her 
voyage  with  Kossuth's  com- 
panions, reaching  JSfew 
York  Nov.  10. 

Kossuth  arrives  at  New 
York  in  December.  Ova- 
tions are  offered  him  in  the 
principal  cities  of  tlie  Union. 
Ho  has  an  interview  with 
the  President,  Sept  to  Dec. 


GbEAT    Br.ITAIN. 


IS51.  "  The  great  aggregate 
meeting"  of  lloman  Catho- 
lics, from  all  parts  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  for  the 
Inauguration  of  the  Catho- 
lic defense  association,  is 
held  at  Dublin,  Aug.  19. 


The  American  yacht 
''  America,"  at  the  regatta 
at  Cowes,  wins  "  The  cup  ot 
all  nations,"  Aug.  22. 


Kossuth  arrives  by  Kng 
lisli  steamer  from  Gibraltar, 
at  Southampton,  Eng.  Ova- 
tions are  olfere(l  hiin  in  va. 
rious  pans  of  the  country 
He  leaves  for  the  United 
States,  Nov. 


The  submarine  tele- 
graph between  Dover  and 
Calais  completed,  Oct.  17. 
Opened  for  public  use  Nov 
13. 


A  fourth  presidency 
contemplated  for  British 
India,  and  a  proposal  mads 
to  remove  the  seat  of  go- 
vernment from  Calcutt* 
to  Lahore,  Nov. 


1 85  I  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


149 


Fbarge. 


Eevolutiox:  L.  N.  Bonaparte 
by  a  coup  d'ititt  seizi'S  the 
reins  of  fToveriiriKTit ;  dis- 
solves the  national  assem- 
bly; (lf(;lftre,s  11  state  of 
sicL'e  :  arrrsts  the  principal 
r«-il-n'p  ihllcans  and  >o<:i;d- 
i'-l-;  eciii-iitiitos  an  entire 
ni-u-  nlini^try.  The  Presi- 
dent ordei-.s  an  instant 
restoration  of  nniversal  suf- 
fraL-e;  an  innnnliate  elec- 
tion liv  people  and  arniv  of 
H  I'rr-i.l.-nt  to  hohl  oiliee 
for  ti-;i  vears.  to  be  sup- 
ported hVaCoimr-ilofSlaie 
and  t\vo  iioM.-..,-  ol  I.eirisla- 
tnrr.  'I'll"  n-volntion  cn-- 
ates  an  intense  exeitiincnt. 
'I'lie  vote  of  the  army  siiow,^ 
a  larL'e  inajorily  for  L.  N. 
I'.unaparte.  Ke-i-Uinco  to 
tlie  ii-i;rpa!ion  is  siiown  in 
various  purls  of  France,  but 
the  overu  1j.  'iriiU',.'  pou'erof 
l!ie  army,  and  a  "  slate  of 
sieL'e"'  in  ■;.'.  clepartinrn's. 
cru-he~.n;i  opp,,-iiion.  The 
eleeti.in.  under  various  con- 
trelliM-  ihlluenees,  results 
in  lhe,.,,unrmalion  of  L.  X. 
Il'nuaiiarle  a^  I're-ident  for 
ten  years,  hy  a  vote  of  about 
seven  out  of  ci;;ut  iiilllions. 


IS51.Mar.slialEa- 
detzky.  by  pro- 
clamation from 
Monca  declare: 
the  Loiiibardo 
Venetian  kin^ 
dom  to  be  in  a 
state  of  sie<re, 
July  19. 

i?y   cabinet 
Ietters,tlie  Km 
perorofAnstria 
declares  that 
his  ministers 
"are   resp(]nsi- 
ble  to  no  other 
political  au- 
thority than 
the  throne," 
that    "the 
lieichstadtisto 
be  considered 
as  the  council 
of  the  throne,'' 
and  tlie  iinnis- 
ter  president  is 
to  take  "into 
ripe  and  seri- 
ous considera- 
tion the  po.'^^i- 
bility  of  carr}'- 
ini;  out  tiie 
Constitution 
of  March  4. 
1S49."  An-  20. 

Louis  Ko-,- 
snth  and  Zh  of 
his  country- 
men sentenced 
to  death  in 
cohtiimiu-hnn. 
at  I'esth.  for 
not  appearin;; 
after  citation, 
Sept.  22. 

The  ques- 
tion of  the  ad- 
mission of 
.lewsfoju.li- 
cial  ollice  in 
i'russia. 
broiiLdit  to  a 
parii.al  termi- 
nafi<in  by  lluir 
penni-sion  10 
btudv  law.  Oct. 


The  Woelo,  eLsowhere. 


IS.'l.  EusMa: — Her  troops  repeatedly  de 
feated  by  the  Circafisians.    June. 


Niearairua: — Gen.  Munoz,  e.x-minis- 
ter  of  war.  deposes  President  Pineda, 
and  sends  him  and  most  of  his  cabinet 
prisoners  to  Tisrre  Islands  and  elects 
Albaunaz  Pi-esident.  The  Senate  assem- 
bles at  Grena'hi,  and  elects  Montenegro 
President    Auz.  4. 


West  Indies  : — Volcanic  eruptions 
from  eiirht  craters  in  the  mountains  0/ 
Martinique,  Aug.  5. 


Cuba: — Expedition  acr.ainst  Cuba  un- 
der Gencr.al  Lojiez,  oOO  strong,  sails  from 
Xew  Orleans  \\\s.  3,  and  Key  West 
Idth  ;  eflfects  a  landinK  at  Cubanos.  11th; 
Js  routed  on  the  2iith.  Lopez  is  taken, 
20th,  and  publicly  fjnrotad,  Sep.  1.  ilis 
followers  shot  <ir  condemned  to  ten 
years'  labor  in  Spain.  The  funeral  obse- 
quies of  the  S|)aniards  and  Cubans  who 
fell  in  tiie  conte-t  with  Lopez,  are  cele- 
brated with  LM-eat  pomp  at  the  Cathedral 
in  Havana.  .*"o.''Ou  are  subscribed  by 
the  inhabitants  of  Havana,  for  tlie  l>ene- 
flt  of  their  widows  and  children,  Sept.  9 


Me.vico  :  —  Oener.al  ^fariana  Arista 
inauLTurateil  President,  Jan.  l.'j;  CanaJe.s, 
Carvajal.  and  others,  ini^nt.'.  pn/ninir/d- 
iii<:)it'i^  au'ainst  the  L'eneral  irovern- 
iiieiit.  Some  fiL'hlinu'  follows,  wiih 
v.aried  success.  Sept.— Oct.— Nov. 

Greece :— Lord  Pa.lmerslon's  note  tn 
the  Greek  L'overnmenl  pniduca'S  a  j:re:it 
Seii.-alioii  at  .\tliens.     ^ov. 


Chili:     l":!rtliquako    at  V.alparaiso— 
the  i;:m>i.  violent  since  thai    (.f  1  s-j-j.  few 

M\e-     :..-t.   bit     ere:it    de-^tre,elion     of   pfO- 

[ii-rtv.  April  '.;.  lusurreeliou  at  SanliaLCO, 
supi'ire-Md  after  iwo  hours'  slreeML'lit. 
iUL'.  .\pril  20.  l:eh(ds  iindiT  Crun  d». 
feated  bv  liulucs  at  Lon-ondlla,  Uec  & 


ISO 


THE    WORLD  S    PKOGRESS. 


I  A.D.- 


&.  D.  1     l'uoGBK3S  or  t>ocii:TV,  etc. 


1851 


1852 


Tlie  town  of  L:tgiis,  ou  the 
coas!  of  Africa,  destroyed 
bv  an  Eii^rlish  force,  with  a 
lo'ss  of  thirty  killed,  anil  09 
wounded,  because  the  na- 
tive chief  refu>e(l  to  !-ii;n  a 
treaty  for  the  effectual  sup- 
pre.-sion  of  the  slave  trade 
in  hisiloniinions.  The  chief 
is  deposed,  and  another  Mib- 
Ptituted  iu  his  place  Dec. 
20 --'T. 


Deatlis  in  \<,'A. 
[J.  6.  i      Eui;oPE. 

J.  J.  ^l!i(/(i- J.  I've  Sniitl), 
hon,  iBe.xieV. 

<5f.  OUn,  i.Joann'aBaillie, 

J.  F.  Coopei\   ICodrintrton, 

r.  //.  6-'a//au- shell, 
ilet,  iLin^'ar^l, 

S.  G.  Morton.  ,I)auueri-e, 
.Soul;, 
jOersied, 
j.Tacobi. 

Iminisrratlon  into  California. 
U.  b.,  from  Asia  is  so  larae 
as  t'l  require  special  Legis- 
kiion — April. 


Extensive  fires  in  the  Antilles. 
March  '2;   ('.ilifornia.  I 


Uniti;d  State3. 


ISol.  rrincii>al  room  of  the 
library  of  Ooiis;re>s  destroy- 
ed by  lire,  toirether  with 
piuntings,  statuary,  models, 
and  about  3o,ili)U  volumes 
of  books,  Dec  24. 

By  joint  resolution,  the 
Governor  of  Georgia  Is 
authorised  and  reiuested  to 
withdraw  the  block  of  mar- 
ble contributed  to  theWash- 
ington  monument  by  the 
resolution  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Febr-y,  1S50, 
with  the  inscription.  "The 
Constitution  as  it  is ;  the 
Union  as  it  w;is,''  and  to 
cause  another  to  be  pro- 
pared  of  Georgia  marble, 
with  the  State  arms  thereon, 
and  to  be  sent  to  the  monu- 
ment, Dec.  31. 

Immisration,  June  1, 
ls5:i,      to     Dec.     31,     1S51, 

65S,U00. 


GUEAT   BBrTAIK. 


1S5-2.  Deput.itions    from    the|lS52.  Lord  Gr.anviue,  by  his 


5tate 


in  behalf  of 


variou 

the  Irish  exiles,  wait  upon 
President  Filmore — Jan.  23. 
The  Ohio  State  lIo\ise 
entirely  consumed  by  Are. 
Some  of  the  papers  saved, 
but  a  large  mass  of  docu- 
ments destroyed — Feb.  1. 

Senor  Labord',  the 
Spanish  Cons::l  at  New- 
Orleans  at  the  time  of  the 
Cuban  riots,  and  who  fled 
the  city  from  fear  of  vio- 
lence, arrives  at  New  Or- 
leans, is  sal  ited.  ami  re- 
sumes his  duties  as  consul — 
Feb.  9. 

Gold  Medal  piesented 
to  Ilenrv  Clav  bv  citizens  of 
New  York.     iVb.  In. 

Memori.aJ  iiresented  to 
House  of  Itepresontitives 
of  California,  from  1.2IS  cit- 
izens of  South  Carolina  and 
Florida,  asking  permission 
'•to  coloiuze  a  rural  district 
with  a  iiopnlation  of  not 
less  than  2.000  slaves "'  Feb. 
10. 

TIamoeop.athic  College 
at  Cleveland.  Oliio.  mobbed 


June  17  and  Nov.  2  (nearly!  and  interior  destroyed,  in 
consequence  of  reniains  of 
subjects,  taken  from  the 
bnrial-g"ound.  being  dis- 
covered near  the  CoUeze. 
Feb.  16.  I 


destroying      two       cities;) 
Canada,  (at  Montreal)  July 


note  to  the  .Vuierican  mi- 
nister, in  relation  to  the 
firing  into  the  .V.nerican 
steamer  I'rouiethcus  by  the 
British  man-of-war  Ex- 
press, states  to  Mr.  Law- 
rence, for  the  information 
of  liis  government,  that 
her  majesty's  government 
entirely  disavow  the  act, 
and  hiLS  no  hesitation  in 
otfering  ample  apology  for 
that  which  they  eonsiiler 
to  have  been  an  infraction 
of  treatv  engagements.  Jan. 
10. 


Dr.  Rae  returns  unsuc- 
cessful froin  his  searcli  for 
Sir  John  Franklin,  down 
the  -McKenzie  river,  and 
from  its  mouth  eastward, 
5it0  miles,  lie  was  sent  out 
in  the  sp:  I  \z  of  1851  by  t;  < 
Hudson's  Bay  C/Ompw.f. 
Feb. 


l8;2  A.D, 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


18M 


Presidi 
the  c> 

lean- 


nt  I?l; 


)arte  ordtrs 
11  of  tli'Cr 
.  .Jan.  :J'.'. 


1852.  Tlio  Kinpe- 
ror  of  Kii:ssi;i 
visits  the  Em- 
peror of  Aus- 
tria at  Vienna, 
May  8. 


TuE  World,  elsewhere. 


1351.  China: — Imperial  court  serlousij- 
alarmed  at  the  progress  of  the  disturb- 
ance in  the  Soutiiern  provinces.  Juno. 
A  lar^e  portion  of  tlie  Cluuese  part  ol 
Ilong  Kong  destroyed  by  '.".re  :  from  47il 
to  oUO  liouscs  <lestroyed.  inciudintr  all 
the  printins;  o'>3ees  and  the  finest  edi- 
fices and  public  buildings.  Many  livoa 
lost.    Dec.  26-2a 


1S52.  Ar<rentine  Confederation  : — General 
Urqui/.a,  Commander  of  the  liberating; 
army,  completes  the  pass.arrc  of  the 
Parana  with  2S.ooil  men,  5o,nil0  horse, 
and  50  jiiecrs  of  artillery,  and  i)repaies 
to  approa(th  IJuenos  .\yres.  Jan.  S.  Bat- 
tle of  Santi>s  LuL'ares,  (lo  miles  from 
Buenos  .\yres.)  between  Urqui/.a  with 
30.000  men  and  .">()  cannon,  and  the  trooj'^ 
of  Itosa.s  25.00(1  moll  and  !)o  cannon  ;  r.;- 
sults  in  the  total  defeat  of  liosas  and  Ir.s 
fliirht  to  Knglaiid.  During'  the  night,  the 
city  is  saveil  t'rom  pilhiije  by  detach- 
nients  from  the  various  ships  of  war  of 
all  nations  in  tiie  liarbor,  Feb.  3.  T!  e 
allied  army  enters  Buenos  Ayres  Fob.  H. 

—  Urquiza,  iJirector  of  the  Argentine 
Confederation.  de|io~ed,  >ept.  10. 

— The  Chamber  of  Representatives 
of  Buenos  Ayres  declares  the  rivei 
Parana  (jjien  to  the  naviiration  of  all  na- 
tions. Oct.  13. 

Belgium  :  —  l'i>rmati(]n  of  a  new  mi- 
nistrv  at  J>rus>els.  of  tlie  moderate  part  v 
under  .M.  de  lirouck-re.  Nov.  1.  The 
law  ai:ain<t  the  liberty  of  the  press  is 
adopted  in  the  (,'liaiidier  of  Pepresentu- 
tives.  Dec.  1. 

Cuba:— Tlie  [lolice  of  Havana  <lisco- 
ver  and  caiitnrf  t'le  press  of  the  Jiajier. 
'■The  Voire  (if  the  I'eoide."  with  tli.> 
materials  and  fdrios  for  the  fourth  num- 
ber. The  proprieliirs  and  emiiloycs  are 
arreste(l.  .\ul.'.  2:'..  The  b:ir(|Ui-  ('(irnelia. 
havinir  cl.-arcd  :it  Havana,  i-^   brm;i:ht  i,, 

and  biiai-d.'d  jii  t  !ic  Mi.iiih  of  liic  had 

and  the  mail-b.-ie*  rilled.  Sept.  23.  A  few 
days  alter,  the  rnitcd  States  mail  steam- 
ship (,'rex'enl  <'i:y  i^  refused  ijrrmission 
to  land  hiT  ir,<-cUL.'(rs  and  mails  at  H»- 
vana.  and  or-lc  riil  to  quit  tli<>  ]iort  — 
Captrun-Ccncrii!  C.-i  ■edoDl.i.^eting  to  the 


[OirsiT  of  the  v 

.  Mr    Smith,  allcired 

to  be   the  rep(prler 

.f  f-.iUr   news  t...  llie 

Nc'.v  Vo,-!<,,,.,,„.r-. 

<Mi  (>,■!.  1  1,  the  Cres- 

cent    ('ii  V  u'jntii    en 

.T,   ll,-,v:,na   barho'. 

Willi  Mr.  Siiiiili  a-  [< 

il-er.      Cov.Caicdu 

n-fii~(-i  to  ;i'io'.v  (111-^ 

■ii_'.is  ormail>  lo  be 

banded,  aii'l    lorKid- 

all    jiitenaxirse  be- 

twcen  tliH  -!;i[.  and 

-liore.     TheCaptidn 

tiroie^K  t.>  •:  >•   Ai' 
lenve>  tiie  harbor. 

cri.Mn   Consul,  an^ 

152 


THE    world's    progress. 


1852  A.D. 


1963 


Progrkss  of  Society,  etc. 


Great  domls  in  the  United 
States,  March.  April,  Sept, 
and  Di'C. ;  in  KngUuid,  Nov. 
and  Dec. :  on  the  conti- 
nent ot'Kuro)ie,  SepL 


Telfifjvi^plM  across   tbo  Eng- 
lisli  Cnannel. 


Earthquakes  ill  Cuba  Aucrnst 
2  and  Nov.  20;  in  Manilla 
and  ailjaceiit  parts.  Sept.  IG, 
Oct.  IS;  at  Acapulco,  Doc. 
4;  in  tlie  Eastern  .Vrchipe- 
la;.'o,  Nov.  '27  and  Dec.  21. 

AtStalTord  House,  in  London, 
some  English  ladies,  lieaded 
by  the  Duchess  of  Suther- 
land, adopt  an  address  to 
the  women  of  America  on 
the  siibject  of  negro  slavery. 
It  subsequently  receives 
576,000  signatures.  Nov. 
26. 


Pwnishment  of  Death  re- 
stored in  Tuscany. 

Fall  in  England  of  tlie  protec- 
tionist mini^trv  of  Lord 
Derby  and  Mr.  Disraeli, 
after  "an  existence  of  nine 
months — Dec.  20. 


Diathi  in  1S52. 
U.  S.         i     Eur.oPE. 


n.  riai/, 
s.  ^''ot/', 

.U.  Stwiri, 
1>.  Drake. 
J.  11.  I'ainr- 


jThos.  ^r()ore, 
:Scliwartzen- 

ber-. 
Pradirr, 

.'ton, 


II.Grecnongh.  Dr.  Mantel!, 
imos       Liiw-  D'Orsav, 


J.  r>ni(!.'rli/n, 
D.    W.h.s1..r. 
J.I...  Kingxleij, 
J.  P.  Xwt&n.. 


United  States. 


G;:eat  Buitaim. 


lSo2.  Southern  llights  conven- 
tion at  Montgomery,  Ala., 
passes  resolutions  against 
making  resistance  to  the 
compromise  measures 
issue  of  their  party,  and 
against  intervention,  March 
5. 

Eiot  during  election  at 
St.  Louis,  April  5. 

First  national  agricultu- 
ral convention  as.sembles  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  consist- 
ing of  151  members,  repro- 
sehting  22  States,  a'ul  the 
District  of  Columbia,  orga- 
nijed  bv  tlio  choice  of 
Marshal  P.  Wilder.  otM.a.ss., 
president.    June  24. 

Convention  for  revising 
the  Constitution  of  Louisi- 
aiLi,  Jidy  5. 

Kossuth  continues  to  bo 
feted  in  diflfcrcnt  cities,  andj 
finally  quits  the  country  i 
under  the  name  of  Alexan- 
der Snnth,  .luly  16.  j 

llenrv  Clay  dies,  June; 
29.  Obseqiwes  celebrated! 
at  New  York  with  great' 
pomp  and  matruiflcence,  | 
July  20.  '  1 

Great  Britain  insists  upon  the  convention  of  ISIS,  re- 
specting North  American  fisheries,  being  carried  out  by 
tlie  United  States,  and  sends  armed  vessels  to  the  coast 
of  New  IJrunswick,  etc.  The  United  States  government 
dis[iatches  the  war  steamer  Mississippi,  with  Commodore 
Pi;rry  on  b^ard.  to  the  disjiuteil  fishing  grounds;  some 
sixty  fishing  vessels  are  bo:.rded,  and  furnished  with  in- 
formation and  advice.     July — Aug. 

Commodore  Mct'auley. 
commander  of  the  United 
States  naval  forces  in  the 
Pacific,  by  proclamation, 
withdraws  his  protection 
from  American  vessels  pro- 
ceeding to  the  Lobos  Is- 
lands for  guano,  Oct.  IS. 
This  dilliculty  witii  Peru 
settled  by  the  withdrawal 
of  American  pretensions. 
Nov.  15. 


1S5'2.  Submarine  telegrapli 
wires  coated  with  gutta 
perch.!,  laid  across  St 
George's  Channel  from  Ho- 
lyhead, a  distance  of  eighty 
miles,  completing  the  com- 
i.iiinication  between  Lon- 
don and  Dublin.    June  1. 


Queen  Victoria  issues 
her  proclamation  against 
"  Itoman  Catholic  ecclesias- 
tics" wearing  the  habit  of 
tlieir  order,  exercising  the 
rites  and  ceremonies  of  trie 
Roman  Catholic  religion  in 
highways  and  places  01 
public  resort"    June  15. 


Daniel  Webster  dies, 
Oct  24.  Funeral  solemni- 
ties celebrated  at  Boston 
with  much  state,  Nov.  15. 

Tlio  United  St.ates  de- 
clines the  tri-partite  con- 
vention res]>ectinrr  Cuba 
projiosed  by  England  and 
Fiance,  Dec.  1. 

Immigration,  -575,000. 


Duke  of  Wellington  dloa, 
Sept.  14.  His  funeral  obse- 
quies take  place  in  London 
with  great  pomp,  Nov.  IS. 


Fall  of  the  Protectionist 
ministry  of  Lord  Derby  and 
Mr.  DTsraeli,  after  an  exist- 
ence of  nine  months,  Dec. 
20. 


By  a  decree  of  the  Go- 
vernor tieneral  of  British 
India,  the  province  of  Pe 
gu  is  ann  -1  »d  to  tho  Biltlslr 
dominions,  Deo.  2u. 


12  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


153 


Fkasok. 


President  Bonaparte  com- 
iiiences  his  tour  tliroush 
Houthern  France,  Sept.  16- 
Visits  the  Chateau  D'Ani- 
boisi-.  anil  releases  Abd-el- 
Kaik-r,  wlio  had  been  a 
prisoner  for  five  yc^irs.  Oct. 
In.  lU'turiis  to  I'aris,  nia- 
kin'^  a  pompous  entry  into 
the  city,  Oct.  IC. 


A    decree    of   the    President 
convokes    the    Seiiuto     for 
Nov.  4,  for  the  purpose  of 
deliberating:  on  tlie  restora 
tion  of  the  empire.    Oct.  19. 


Tlie  Senate  decrees  the  re 
establishment  of  the  em 
jdre,  subject  to  tlie  ratiflca 
tion  (jf  liie  people.  Nov.  7 
Tlio  vote  is  taken  throuirh- 
oiit  France  and  .\]};e 
Nov.  21  and  'J-2 ;  result— 
T. -■-'4.1^9  in  favor  of  re-stabT 
lishini  the  empire.  aL'ainst 
•i^i-',Mo  m-u'ative,  and  (Jv,l32i; 
void  ballots. 


The  Senate  L'o.s  in  a  liodv  to 
St.  ChiMd.  to  announce  offi- 
cially tho  r.'~'iit  !•':  the  elcc- 
tion'to  I.ouis  .\;ipoIcoii,  and 
hall  Idm  Fiiii.LT.ir,  iJec.  1. 


At  the  Hot. -1  .!.•  Vi!!...  in  Pari 
I.oui.  Nai.o;...n   i-  i>ul.lic:. 

proi-illitrird        l.MI'Klloi:        OF 

Till'.  Fi  I. Mil,  i;ndi-r  the 
name  of  N.M-oLuo.v  III, 
Dec.  2. 


AcBTEiA,  etc. 


Tin:  World,  elsewhere. 


1S52.  Greece: — Signing  of  a  convention  in 
London  by  the  five  powers,  England, 
France,  Pru.ssia,  Bavaria  an<l  Greece,  in 
reference  to  the  affairs  of  Greece.  Xone 
but  a  prince  of  the  Greek  religion  is 
hereafter  to  ascend  the  throne  of  Greece. 
Nov.  IS. 

IIa«'.aii : — Eruption  of  Mauna  Loo; 
lasts  several  weeks.     Feb. 

India:— Tiie  Burmese  evacuate  and 
burn  Prome,  Sept.  lo.  The  British  un- 
der Godwin  take  it  with  a  lossof  3fi  men, 
Nov.  21. 

Italy  :— The  Grand  Duke  of  Tuscany, 
refuses  to  give  audience  to  an  Enirlish 
Protestant  deputation  in  I'avor  of  itoss 
and  Francisco  Madiai,  Oct.  25. 

— Tlie  punishment  of  death  is  reesy 
;     tablished  in  Tuscany,  for  treason,  crimes 
against  reliirion.  murder,   and   robbery 
'     with  violence,  .Nov.  10. 

— The  I'ope  addresses  a  letter  to  thfi 
King  of  S:irdinia.  strongly  adverse  tf 
the  bill  under  consideration  in  the  Pied 
montese  parliament,  jieriidtting  mar 
riages  witliout  reliirious  ceremonies:  i\. 
is  conseqtientlv  withdrawn  by  the  mi 
nistry,  Dec.  2(X 

— At  Kome,  Bishop  Ives,  of  Nortt< 
Carolina,  U.  S,  formerly  an  Episcopu 
lian,  is  received  into  tl:e  Catholic 
Church  by  the  Poi)e,  Dec.  26. 

Liberia  :     President  Poberts  attacks 
and  gains  possessicju  of  the  ntitive  chief 
Boyer's  principal  town.  .Jan  lo. 
A  threat V  of  peace  between  the  courts  of  Vienna  and 
Rome  is  ratified,  stipulatini:  tliat  the  former  shall  main- 
tain in  the  territories  of  tlie   l'o|ie,  12.0110   infantry  and 
1,41111  cavalry,  lor  whom   ^IS.'i'O  monthly  are  to  be  paid 
by  the  Papal  government.     Nov.  10. 

Mexico  :—Carvajal  attacks  Camargo 
and  isdelVated,  Feb.  21. 

The  iMeiich  Co'int  Boulban  do  Ra 

<iiis-et,  who  led  till  <'ntcriirise  iiiion  So- 
nora.  is  drlVatcd  at  lli-riiio-illo,  and  his 
e.\i>cdition  coin[)Ielely  overthrown,  Nov. 
1. 


<y2.  TlieEmjio- 
ror  of  .\usiria 
visits  the  KiiiL' 
of  Prussia  at 
Berlin,  JJec.  17. 


Prussia: 
The  bill  lorbi- 
etinlal  parlia- 
ments beronies 
ft  law,  Dec.  2-}. 


Spain  : — A  Jiriest,  a<.'ed  C^'.,  attacks 
witii  a  (laL-iT'T.  and  wounds  the  (jneen 
of  Spain,  on  her  return  from  cclt-brating 
at  the  catiiedral  a  '/'•■  Dintn,  for  the 
birth  of  her  child,  i'.-b.  2.  lie  is  tried, 
convicted,  deirradi-d  from  his  priestly 
oilier,  and  stitlVrs  death  I'rcuii  the  gai  te, 
7tli. 

-  Ninety-five  .Americans  hcIo.n::ing 
to  tlie  l.oj'ez  eNiieililion.  who  had  been 
Sent  to  Spain,  a^ri^^■  at  New  York, 
March  1",  having  been  libi'rated  by  tho 
Queen. 

— The  Cortes  dissolveil  by  royal  de- 
cree, for  lia\iiiL.' eht'led  De  la  liosn,  tilt 
anti-mini-tei  iai  candidate  their  proai- 
dent,  Dec.  2. 


154 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1852  A.D.- 


&.O. 

I'aoGRKSs  OF  Society,  otc. 

Unitkd  States. 

Gbkat  Britaut. 

1S63 

Finnans  accorded  to  all  sub- 

1853.    Caloric  ship  Eiicsson 

1S53.  Mr.  Ingersol,  American 

jects  of  tho  Porte  (not  Mus- 

makes her  trial  trip  to  the 

envoy,  feted  at   Liverpool 

sulmans)   conflrining  their 

Potomac,  Jan.  11. 

and  Manchester,  Jan.  4-7. 

religious  rights,  June  22. 

Adverse  decision  of  Na- 

Sandilli and  otiier  Catfre 

poleon,  arbiter  between  the 

chiefs  send  in  their  submis- 

United States  and  Portugal, 

sion   to   General   Cathcart, 

in  case  of  the  General  Arm- 

thereby    closing    the    war. 

stroii<r,  read  at  Wiishington. 

Feb.  10.     Pe.ace  concluded, 

Jan.  17. 

March  9. 

The  first  Norwegian  railway 

openCv  July  4. 

Franklin      Pierce     and 

Doncaster  church,  built 

"William  li.  Kinj,'  declared 

in  lu7ii,  destroyed  by  fire, 

duly  elected  President  and 

Feb.  2S, 

Vice-President      for      four 

years  from  4th  Marcli  next, 
Feb.  9. 

Warlike  stores,  supposed 

to  be   for   Kossuth,  seized, 

W.  R.  King  sworn  in  as 

April  11. 

Vice-President,  at  Cumbre, 

Island     of     Cuba,     Consul 

Sharkey  administering  the 

The  American  expedition  un- 

oath, March  24. 

der   Com.   I'orry  arrives  at 

Mrs.   II.  B.   Stowe.  au- 

Japan, .Ivily  S.     On  the  14th 

thoress   of  "  Uncle    Tom'.s 

he  lan<ls  and  deUvers  to  tlie 

Cabin,''  received  at  Stafford 

Iniporiid  commissioners  the 

House  by  many  of  the  no- 

letter   from    the   American 

Second  American  Arctic 

bility    and     statesmen    ol 

President;  a  lew  days  after 

expedition      leaves     New 

England,   May  7. 

leaves  tlie  island,  to  return 

York,  May  31. 

in  tho  spring. 

Dublin  Industrial  Exhi 

Important  amendments 

bition  opened.  May  12. 

to  llie  city  charter  of  New 

York,  restraining  the  power 

of    municipal     officers     in 

money  matU'rs.  adopted  by 

a  vote  of  HGfiJi   in   favor, 

The  "strike"  at   Stock 

3,351  against,  June  7. 

port  ceases,  and  20,000  men 
resume    labor,    having    ao- 
coHiplished  their  object,  an 
advance  of  ten  per  cent,  in 
their  wages,  August  8.     Si- 

Over   On,0no    pllixrlms    enter 

Crystal   Palace  at   New 

milar  strikes  occur  at  Leeds, 

Aix-la-Cliai>elle,  to  visit  tlie 

York  opened  in  presence  of 

Kidderminster,    and    otlie: 

exhibition  of  the  relics,  Ju- 

the President  of  the  United 

cities 

ly  17. 

States,  etc.,  July  14. 

i853  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


155 


The  Pantheon  at  Paris  re- 
o]  eiioil  as  tlie  Cniiroh  of 
bt.  Gciievievi-,  Jan.  3. 

itiissia,  Aiisli'iii,  ami  Pru>sia. 
at  iu>t  atknowlf.l'.'e  NajKi- 
looii  in.  Kin|ji.T.ir  of  iho 
Frunch,  Jan.  11. 

MarriaL'e  of  Ih"  Kniperor  an^l 
Kii::i-nio  <!i'  M<iiiti  ju.  ( 'ouni- 
I'ss  (le  'l'cl.:i.  (vli-l-ratrd  al 
Calliedra!  t>(  .Noire  Uanie, 
Paris.  Anin.-:v  irrantnl 
t.j  4,--il2  poliliral"  prisoners 
and  e.vile.-.,  Jan.  :Jo. 

<}cn('ral  St.  Priest,  and  many 
otlier  le:.'iuniisis,  secretly 
arrested  in  I'aris,  <in  the 
cliarfTe  ol'  [lolitieal  eonunu- 
niealion  with  tlie  Count  of 
Clianiburd,  and  some  of 
huviiii:  .sent  faNe  intelli- 
LTeiiee  to  I'orei.'ii  iournais, 
Feb.  5.  '       ^ 

\liljiicatiim  is  made  by  tlie 
Freneii  L'o\-i'riimi-nt  to  tlie 
Fnu'lish  '  lor  .\ai>o],-on-> 
will.  Feb.  17.  Subsequent- 
ly grunted. 


.nenii  -.  ,Inie,  U  i^-nail  at 
I'liris,  ti,,!  or.-aMon  of  a 
firm.,  ab.e  soeiali-l  dem.ui- 
htratioi.  4ii,iioii  ]ii-r-ons 
marc.  ,ri  |iroe,.~-ion  l<i  I'ere 
la    ...Mse,  .Marea   i:i. 


to  Turk 


waters. 


A  [.eae.  ,  ,dr..^s,  sii-ned  bv 
4.0011  ;.,  ^,!,-i,  i,i,.r.-|,.aiil-, 
bank. MS  and  Irad.r-.  is  |,n-- 
s,-n|,..;  [.,  .\;,|,.,;.,,n  III.  at 
ta'i    luiileri.-.   by    ijr'iish- 


A  (ilil  ifslorini:  i'a|.ital  [inn 
i^hment  bir  all'-iii|il^  on  tin 
lif.'  of  llie  Kminnor,  or  t. 
Bubverl  the  lm|i'rial  :,'o 
verniniint,  is  passed,  .May 
•ii. 


AusTBiA,  etc. 


TuE  WoKLD,  elsewhere. 


1S53.  Austria  of- 
fers herself  ns 
a  mediator  be- 
tween the 
Turks  ami 
Montenegrin.s, 
Feb.  1. 


Attempt  on 
the  life  of  Km- 
]ieror  of  Aus- 
tria at  the  ram- 
parts of  Vien- 
na, Feb.  IS. 


R  a  d  c  n :— 
Prof.  Gervinns 
tried  for  biu'h 
treason. in  pnb- 
lislnuLrhis  "In- 
troduetioii  to 
the  History  of 
IDlli  ci  iitury." 
Sent<'nce,  ten 
months'  ini- 
prisonmeni. 
and  book  to  be 
cb-stroved, 
March' 5. 


Prussia : — 
Demorratic 
eonspiraev  dis- 
eover.'d.at  I'hT- 
lin,  .March  ■!'.>. 


Atistria  ro 
cals  her  mi. lis 
ter  from  IJerue, 
May  20, 


1S52.  Switzerland  :— The  Canton  oi  Ticinc 
I     suppresses  the  order  of  (,'apiich'n  monks, 
and   e.xpels  all  of  that  order  under   t)5 
I     years  of  a^e,  Nov.  25. 
I  Turkey  : — War  breaks  out  between 

I     the  Turks  and  Montenegrins,  Dec.  15. 

1853.  Belgium: — .V  nuiritiine  congress  as- 
sembles at  Brussels.  Aug.  '23. 

—  Marriage  of  the  Duke  of  Brabant, 
heir-apparent  of  the  tlirone,  and  the 
Arch-i)uchess  Maria,  Aug.  ^3. 

CaiKida  and  New  Brunswick:  — Ga- 
vazzi  lectures  at  Quebec  and  Montreal ; 
riots  ensue;  military  called  out;  Juno 
0-9. 

— The  first  sod  of  the  European  and 
North  .American  Kailroad  turned  at  St. 
Joliii.s,  by  Lady  Head,  assisted  by  the 
Lieutenant-Governor,  in  presence  of 
25,0011  [lerson.s,  Sept.  14. 

China:— Nankin  taken  by  tlio  rebels; 
Tartar  garrison  ('iu-oini)  massai:red: 
March  19.     Amoy  caiitured.  May  19. 

Denmark:  -Parliament  prorogued, 
and  a  "  tumlamental"  law  issued,  by 
which  the  government  becomes  hereaf- 
ter an  absolute  one,  July  19. 

Hawaii: — Small-jiox  rages,  having 
ca'rried  iiS  since  .May  1,S<)5  out  of  a  po- 
pulation of  00,(1(111  p("rs()ns,  Aug.  31. 

Holland:— Tlie  lirst  ehamlier  adopts 
the  much-<lisputed  law  on  religious  li- 
berty, Sept.  S. 

India: — Battle  of  Donabew.  in  Bur- 
mah  :  Sir  J.  Cheapo  defeats  Mea  Tooii, 
March  19. 

Italy: — An  insurrection  breaks  out 
at  Milan,  but  is  viiroronslv  siippressiMl 
by  Kadelsky,  Feb.  0.  The  iiroperty  of 
the  l.ombarilo-Velielian  lefuirees  seipics- 
tered  till  tliev  call  jirove  tliev  are  iu)t 
implicated  in'  this  outbreak,  and  lO.oOO 
Ticinese  exp.'lled  from  .Vusirian  Italy, 
Feb.  -Ti.  Protracted  diplomatic  contro- 
versies liitweeu  .\ustria  .and  both  Sar- 
dinia and  Switzerland,  follow— S.ardinia 
sohinidy  protesting'.  .April  T'l. 

— 'I'lic  I'ope  prohibits  the  circulation 
of  ■' rmle  Tom's  Cabin"  in  his  domini- 
ons, May  In. 

(i  i.iazzi  tried  at  Florence  for  high 
trra~oii.  and  lonml  L-niltv.  June  11. 

(on^piraev   in    Kome,   140   arrests, 

Aug.  ir,. 

(irder  signed  loi  Immediate  rcdea.se 
of  .Miss  Cunninudiam  at  l.uec.a.  Oct.  9. 

New  enure!!,  bnilt  tor  the  W'al- 
ilrnsr-.  opened  and  consecrated  at  Turin, 
l>.T.   I.-). 

\b-\ico: — New  revolution;  Ailsta 
resi_'n>  tin-  iiresiilcncy,  .l.iii.  5. 

-Santa  .\nna  having  been  elected 
Pre-;.!,  in.  is  rciadved  in  .Mexico  with 
great  tinlhu.-iasm,  .\pril  IT 


156 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


I8: 


A.D. 


I85S 


Pboobess  of  Socibty,  etc 


A  great  national   horse-show 

»t  Springfield,  Mass^  U.  S., 
Oct  19-21. 


The  first  Presbyterian  Chinese 
cliurch  orfcanized  at  San 
Francisco,  U.  iS.,  Nov.  6. 


Duel  between  Sonl6  and 
De  Turgot,  American  and 
French  ministers  to  Spain, 
Dec  18. 


Cholera  prevails  In  Europe. 


Several  new  asteroids  discov- 
ered, raising  the  numt)er  to 
27,  betwi?en  tlio  planets 
Mars  aid  Jupiter. 


Dfaths  in  1858 : 

EUHOPE. 


United  States. 


U.S. 

C.  B.  Adamn, 
Jmtiu^<iSmith. 
W.  R.  King^ 
B.  BatM, 
Si7n.  Green 
leaf. 


Arago, 
Von  Buch, 
Dacrps, 
Mrs.  Opie, 

Wurdlaw. 


1853.  Great  heat  throughout 
tlie  country — therinouieter 
every  wliere  100"  Fah. 
Deatlis  from  it  in  New 
Yorli  city  in  four  days,  4U0, 
Aug.  11-14. 


Remaining  portion  of 
"Table  Kock,"  at  tlie  Falls 
of  Niagara,  breaks  ofl",  Sept. 
9. 


"Great  Kcpublic,"  ves- 
sel of  4,1)00  tuns,  largest 
mercliantmau  in  the  world, 
launched  at  East  lioston, 
Mass.,  Oct  4. 


Captain  Gunnison  and 
party  massacred  by  the 
Indians  in  Utah,  Oct.  26. 


Inauguration  of  the 
Wasliington  aqueduct. 
President  Pierce  turns  the 
first  turf,  Nov.  9. 


A  mob  of  men  .and  wo 
men  domoUsh  the  railroa<! 
track  near  Erie,  I'eiin.,  Doc. 
9.  and  repeat  the  outrag 
Dec.  27. 


Yellow  fever  epidemic 
in  tlie  States  bordering 
GuU'  of  Mexico,  carries  olf 
from  12,U()0  to  io.UOU  per 
sons. 


Bedini,  the  Papal  Nun 
cio.  tries  to  inlluence  tlie 
KomanCath<]lic  laity  to  give 
up  their  church  property  to 
the  Bisliops,  but  does"not 
succeed.  He  quits  tlie 
country  ignoiiiinioiisly. 


Immigration,  SPS.OOO. 


GhEAT   BulTAIN. 


1S53.  Naval  Keview  at  Spit- 
head,  in  presence  of  th« 
Queen,  Aug.  11. 


Queen    Victoria    rlsiti 
Ireland,  Aug.  29. 


Deputation  from  the 
Protestant  Alliance,  he.ade(l 
by  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 
waits  upon  Lord  Clarendon, 
to  state  the  case  of  Miss 
Cunningham,  arrested  at 
Lucca  for  distributing  Ita- 
lian Bibles,  etc.,  and  to 
urge  the  government  to 
procure  her  immediate  li- 
beration. Sept  2S.  A  <lepu 
tation  of  clergymen  anf- 
others,  headed  by  Sir  Cul 
ling  I'^ardley,  wait  upoi 
Lord  Clarendon  and  than/r. 
him  and  the  government 
for  the  exertions  which  lis 
been  made,  Oct.  27. 


Bronze  statue  of  Sir  R  . 
bert  Peel  erected  in  fro  << 
of  the  Royal  Infirmary  .4 
Manchester,  Oct.  3. 


Captain  Inglefleld,  of  the 
Phoenix,  arrives  from  the 
Arctic  regions,  with  the 
news  of  tflio  discovery  of 
the  Xorth-west  Passase,  on 
Oct.  26,  1850,  by  Captain 
MeClure  of  tlie  Investiga- 
tor, Oct.  7. 


The  first  stone  of  a  Ro- 
man Catholic  cathedral 
laid  at  Slirewshury,  by 
Bishop  Brown -the  young 
Earl  of  Shrewsbury  giving 
£lo,Oi>0  towards  its  erection 
—Dec.  12. 


The  Dublin  Exliibition 
building  is  formally  opened 
as  a  winter  garden,  by  the 
Lord  Lieutenant  and  the 
Countess  St  Germain* 
Dee.  15. 


i853  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


157 


Fra:ice. 


Austria,  etc. 


!S53  Plot  to  assasfinnte  tlie  Empe 
I     ror,  while  on  his  way  to  the 
I     Opera  Coniique,  discovered 
at  Paris,  July  7. 


A  Eoman  clrcns  of  great  size 
discovered  at  Tours.  Aug. 
81. 


The  Duk(>  d«  Nemours,  on 
belialf  of  the  entire  Orleans 
House,  effects  a  reconcilia- 
tion with  the  Count  de 
Chambord,  Nov.  17, 


[nanc;nrnflon  of  tlio  statue  of 
Marshal  Ney,  on  tlie  spot 
where  lie  uassliot,  and  the 
anniversary  of  his  execu- 
tion, Dec.  7. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1S53.  Persia: — Karthquatos  destroy  Sbt 
rai,  (12,(101)  lives  lost,)  May  9 ;  and  Telio- 
ran,  July  11. 


1S53,  AnAustrian 
war   vessel    in 
the  port  of 
Snjvrna,  seizes 
and  atteinjits 
to  carry  off 
Martin  Koszta, 
a  llunsarian 
refugee,  travel- 
ing under  an 
American  p:iss- 
port,   who 
claims  protec- 
tion of  Ameri- 
can flag.     An 
American  fri- 
gate i)!aces  the 
Austrian  un- 
der her  guns, 
and  Kos/.ta's 
release  is  impe- 
ratively de- 
manded,  June 
21. 

Austrian  go- 
vernment pro 
tests  against 
proceediuLTS  of 
Captain   Iiigra 
ham  at  Smyr- 
na, in  a  circu 
lar  addressed 
to  the  Kurope- 
an  courts,  Aug. 
1.  and  through  j 
Its   env(iy    ad-| 
dresses   a  note! 
to  the  Ameri- 
can govern- 
ment on  the 
same  subject, 
Aug.  2'J,  ■ 

Kastepn  Affairs. — TVar  bftwefn  Turkey  and 
Russia.-  Prince  Menschikoff  sent  by  the  ICmperor  of  liu.s- 
sJa  with  demands  whitdi  ar<'  rejected  by  the  Porte,  >Iay  21, 
June  l."i.  'I'he  llussians  cross  the  Priitli,  120,001'  idrong, 
June2U2S. — 'V])C  I'orhe addresses  a  protest  to  the  Kussian 
cabini'i  aL'ainst  the  occupation  of  the  Princi[);ilities,  July 
14.  'I'lie  Conference  of  Vienna  draw  up  the  celebrated 
"Vienna  note,"  for  the  Joint  acceptance  of  Pussia  and 
Turkey.  .Inly  2(i.  Pussia  at  once  acce[)ts;  Turkey  re- 
quires" modiiications.  ,\ut'.  20;  which  Kns>ia  will  not  ac- 
cede to.  Sept.  It.  Military  congress  at  Olmutz.  Sept.  20. 
The  note  is  dropjie(l,  Sejit.  ;;o.  Turkey  decdares  war 
aL'ainst  liiissia,  ()i;l.  '■'•■  Hostilities  cominenccHl  on  the 
Danube,  Oct.  ;to.  Turks  capture  Fort  St.  Nichcdas  in  the 
Plack  S<';i.  Oct.  31.  Turks  defeat  Pussians  at  Oltenitza, 
Nov.  4.  Knssia  declares  war  airainst  Turkev,  Nov.  11. 
Tlie  AnL''o-l-"n'm-!i  ll-'Ct  enters  the  Dardaiirlles.  Oi-t.  4, 
and  the  r.o<^pliorus,  Nov.  1.").  Turks  beaten  and  massa- 
cred at  Siru)|)e  t>y  Iln-sians,  Nov.  .SO.  'i'he  Vii-nna  Cim- 
ference  continiU'>"its  efforts  to  effect  an  arran<;emeiit  be- 
tween the  bi'lliu'erents,  Dec.  Decldecl  manifestation  of 
the  [)e(>ple  of  <  onstantiriople  In  favor  of  war,  Dec.  21. 
K\issians  uniformly  victorious  in  As'».  Tiic  religious  fana- 
ticism of  both  parties  is  aroused. 


Peru: — Difficulty  at  Chincha  Islands 
between  Peruvian  commandant  and 
American  shipmasters,  Aug.  17. 


Portugal : — Maria  (Queen)  dies,  Nov. 


Spain:  —  New  and  stringent  law 
against  liberty  of  the  press  published, 
Jan.  2.  Queen  Isabella,  in  commemo- 
ration of  her  birth-day,  orders  three 
screw-frigates  to  be  constructed,  to  be 
called  after  the  three  queens  from  whom 
she  derives  the  crowns  of  Castile,  Arr.a- 
gon,  and  Navarre,  Oct.  10. 


Switzerland : — Insurrection   in    Fri- 

burg  by  the  Jesuit  party  speedily  sn\>- 
pres.sed,  April  22. 


Venezuela :— Earthquake  at  Cumana ; 
COO  persons  killed,  July  15. 


158 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1854  A.n. 


1864 


Deputation  of  "  Friends"'  pre- 
geiils  to  the  EMi])c'ror  of 
Kussia  a  peace  memorial, 
Feb.  10. 


Complete  eqnr.lity  before  the 
la  A-  secured  to  all  subjects 
of  the  Porte,  without  dis- 
tinction of  creed,  by  treaty, 
March  12. 


Commercial  treaty  concluded 
between  the  United  States 
and  Japan,  March  23. 


In  Turkey,  the  possessions  of 
the  Mosques  to  bo  declared 
the  prdjierty  of  the  State 
from  March  27. 


The  first  raihcay  Is  opened 
in  Brazil,  the  Emperor  and 
Kmprcss  being  present  at 
the  inauguration,  April  30. 


The  changes  introduced  in  the 
Ottoman  Empire  by  the  in- 
fluence of  tlie  Allied  I'ow- 
ers,  amount  to  a  revolution 
in  Its  social  condition. 


Marked  increase  in  the  num- 
bers and  prosperity  of 
Christians  in  Turkey  ;  Mo- 
haminedaB  population,  ex- 
cept in  Bosnia,  rapidly  dy- 
ing out 


<.>0S8  raised  in  a  Catholic 
burying  ground  belonging 
to  the  French,  In  Turkey. 


United  Statks. 


1S54,  Tlie  steamer  San  Fran- 
cisco founders  at  sea;  240 
U.  S.  trooi)S  washed  over- 
boftrd ;  the  rest  of  TOO  res- 
cued by  the  Three  Bells. 
Kilby,  and  Antarctic,  Jan. 
5. 


Astor  Library  opened 
for  use  of  the  public,  in  New 
York  city,  Jan.  9. 


Outrages  on  the  railroad 
near  Erie,  I'a.,  renewed  by 
mobs  of  women,  Jan.  17,  31. 


Skirmishes  between  U. 
S.  troops  and  Ai)aclie  and 
Utah  Indians,  March  5,  30. 


Certain  sections  of  the 
"Maine  Liquor  Law"  deci- 
ded to  be  unconstitutional 
in  -M.assaehusetts,  March  13. 


Miss  Dix's  bill  for  ame- 
liorating the  condition  of 
the  indisent  insane,  vetoed, 
April  20." 


Great  flood  in  the  Con- 
necticut river,  hundreds 
driven  from  their  dwel- 
lings. May  1. 


Mass  meetings  at  Bos- 
ton, Feb.  23  ;  New  Market, 
N.  IL,  Feb.  27;  New  York, 
.May  13,  against  the  Ne- 
braska bill,  which,  how- 
ever, becomes  a  law,  .May 
30. 


Eiots  in  Micliiiran,  .\pril 
17 ;  at  Boston,  (attempt  to 
rescue  a  fugitive  slave,) 
May  26;  at  New  York  and 
Brooklyn,  (paiiist  interfe- 
rence with  street-preach- 
ing,) May  2S.  June  4,  11. 


San  nan,  Nicaragua, 
bombarded  and  burnt  by 
the  U.  8.  sloop-of-war,  Cy- 
•ne,  July  13. 


GuF.Ar  Britain. 


1S54.  Parliament  opened  by 
Queen,  wlio  expresses  s  de- 
sire thnt  exertions  for  an 
amicable  settlement  of  tha 
Eastern  dilliculties  shouU 
be  persevered  in,  Jan,  81. 


The  Queen  reviews  th« 
fleet  on  its  departure  fo» 
the  Baltic,  March  11. 


A  day  of  humiliation 
and  prayer  observed,  April 
20. 


Launch  of  the  "Eoy«J 
Albert,"  the  Queen  chrlB> 
tening  the  vessel,  May  18. 


Crystal  Palace  at  8t- 
denham  opened  by  tM 
Queen,  June  10. 


i854--'»-i5- 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


159 


Fbanob. 


Tlio  Emperor  and  Empress 
attend  tlie  first  agricultural 
exhibition  ever  lield  In  Pa- 
ris, June  9. 


The  Kmperor  reviews  a  dl- 
Tlfilon  of  troops  about  to 
proceed  to  tbo  I5altic,  -(nly 


AusTKiA,  etc. 


The  "S'okld,  elsewliere. 


1854.  AlU.inco, 
offensive  and 
defensive,  be- 
tween Austria 
and  I'russia. 
signed  April 
20. 


1 S54.  Brazil : — San  Salvador  destroyed  by 
an  eartliquako.  causing  a  loss,  in  less 
than  one  minute,  of  200  lives,  and 
$4,000,000  of  i)roperty,  April  10. 

Canada  :  — Parliament  IIoTise  at  Que- 
bec burnt,  including  irovernmeut  library 
and  pliilosojihical  ajjpjiratus,  Feb.  1. 

India:— The  Ganges  Canal,  &  work 
of  vast  magnitude  opened,  Ajiril  8. 

— Day  of  liutniliation  and  jirayer  for 
success  of  the  British  arms,  observed  at 
Bondjay  and  all  over  indiii,  by  tlie  na- 
tives, as  well  as  the  Europeans,  July  IG. 

Italy: — Shocks  of  earthquake  in  tlio 
country  between  Florence  and  Pome, 
May. 

— Kailway  from  Lusa  to  Turin  inau- 
gurated in  iiresenoe  of  King  an<l  Queen 
of  Sardinia,  etc.,  Ma}'  'J2. 

Mexico  : — Battle  of  Guyamas,  be 
tween  some  Frenchmen  under  Coimt 
Kaousset  de  Boulbon  and  the  Mexican.s, 
July  18.  The  Count  is  defeate<l,  taken 
prisoner,  and,  Aug.  12,  shot. 

Russia: — An  ini[)eri.al  ukase  calls  out 
nine  men  in  l,ou(i  souls  in  eastern  por 
tion  of  the  Empire,  May  0. 

Spain  : — Earthquake  at  Fiana,  crum- 
bling ilown  the  greatest  jim-t  of  the  Al- 
cazaba,  an  ancient  cistle  of  the  Moors, 
and  causing  large  chasms  in  nearl_v  all 
tlie  streets,  ,Tim.  13. 

— Strike  at  Barcelona;  l.'.OdO  arti- 
lans  demand  of  the  municipal  authorities 
that  tlie  jirice  of  [irovisions  be  ridueed, 
and  waircs  increased.  March  .'11. 

— T!;e  insurrection  of  the  people 
at  Madrid  (-Inly  17)  triumphs,  and  tlia 
liivas  ministry  resiirn.  .July  19.  Esjiar- 
tero  enters  tlie  cilv.  and  is  received 
with  sreiit  enthiisia'sm.  ,Tiilv  2i>.  .'?,00( 
defendirs  of  tlie  lianicades  d'etile  before 
the  (luecn's  palace.  herMiiicstv  present- 
ing herself  on  the  balcony, '.Inly  :i\. 

—  Dona  .Maria  Chrislina,  tiio  CJnecn 
Moth.-r,  leaves  .Madnd  lor  I'ortUL.'al,  un- 
der es<'ort  of  tr  lops.  bul  :iL'iiiiisl  the  will 
of  the  peopl,-.  .^hr  was  inihhlcd  to  tho 
State  7l.i"'ii.iM)o  reals,  Aiiu'.  2s. 

Tiirkev  : — Fire  at  Constanlinoplc, 
400  lioiise's  d.-strovcd.  -TaiK  I. 

—  Fire  at  Salonica,  destroys  fiOO  build- 
ings, Ajiril  S. 

—  Banquet  L'iven  by  tlie  Sultan  to 
Prince  Napoleon,  May  '^. 

—  Fire  at  Vaiiia,  lir^lroys  T^O  lioupea 
and  viist  quantities  of  mililarv  stores, 
Aug.  10. 


i6o 


THE   V\'ORLU  S    PROGRESS. 


1854  A.D.- 


k.v.      Pkookess  OF  Society,  etc. 


United  States. 


The  Sultan  issiios  .-i  flniifin  for:  1S54.  Grisi  and  Mario,  the  two 


tlie construction  ofa church 
at  Scutari,  Sept, 


Deaths  in  1S54. 


1865 


U.S. 

y.  B.  Blunt, 
Jacob  Bur- 
nett, 
John  I)avU% 
OoTU.  Doiones, 
J.  Ilarring- 
t(yn,  last  sur-! 
yivor  of  liat- 
tle    of   Lex-i 
inston. 
Mrs'.  E.  Jud-, 

son. 
Bishop  Wain- 
wright. 


I     Europe. 

lAniilesea, 

jBoilisco, 

ICockburn, 

I  Forbes, 

'Jatnet^on, 

Mailiaml, 

Melloni, 

Montsiiinery, 

Piiixhans, 

Pellico, 

Piunkett, 

Rubini, 

Schelling, 

Mnie.  Sontas, 

Mrs.  C.South- 

ev, 
Talfourd, 
Wilson, 
St.  Arnaud, 
Denman, 
Lockhart. 


'■'■ImmaculaU  Conception  of 
the  Virgin"  proclaimed  as  a 
dogma  by  the  pope,  Dec.  8 

1855.  Panama  railroad  com- 
pleted, first  train  on  it  Jan 
28. 

Financial  7)a7!^c  in  CRlifornia, 
Feb. 

Sm^perhiion  Bridge  at  Niaea 
ra  first  crossed,  March  14 

Difficulty  in  Phila.  about 
slaves  of  .J.  II.  Wheeler  of 
N.  Cai'olina,  July  18. 

Election  7-iot  at  Louisville, 
Ky.,  between  Americans 
and  foreigners,  Aug.  6. 


Passmore  Williamson 
leased  from  jail  (where  he 
had  been  three  months  In 
the  Wheoler  sloTe  caael 
Nov.*. 


most  renowned  lyric  ar- 
tists of  the  old  world,  arrive 
at  New  York,  Aug.  19. 


Extensive  drought  pre- 
vails several  weeks. 


Cholera  prevails,  June- 
Nov. ;  yellow  fever  prevails, 
Aug. -Nov. 


Imm'gration,  about  500,000. 


"Ostend  Conference"  be- 
tween Buchanan,  Mason, 
Soul6,  Oct  10, 11. 


Grkat  Bkitaih. 


1855.  Southern  Commercial 
Convention  at  New  Orleans, 
Jan.  8. 

8oul6   quits  Madrid  Jan. 


U.  8.  S.  "Waterwitch  fired 
on,  on  the  Paraguay,  Feb.  1. 

U.  S.  Dist.  Court  in  Wis- 
consin pronounces  the  Fu- 
gitive Slave  Law  unconsti- 
tutional, ]"eb.  3. 

Convention  at  Lawrence, 
Kansas,  Aug.  14. 

Walker  (filibuster)  takes 
possession  of  Granada,  Oct. 
16. 

Kansas :  Convention  at 
Topeka,  Oct  23. 


Law  passed  for  the  en- 
listment of  foreiffners  in  the 
British  service,  Dec.  22. 


1S65.  Visit  of  the  Emperor 
and  Empress  of  France, 
April  16. 

Death  of  Lord  Raglan, 
Commander-in-chief  at  Se- 
bastopol,  June  28. 

The  Queen  and  Prince 
Albert  visit  the  Emperor 
Louis  Napoleon  at  Paria 
Aug.  IS. 


l8: 


A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


l6l 


Fkawci. 


The  World,  elsewhere. 


1854.  Saxony: —  1S54.  Venezuela:  —  Slaves     emancipated, 
The     Kinsr  April  25. 

thrown  from  1 
his  carriage  at 
Innspruck,  and 
killed,  Alls.  Ki.i 

EASTKi'.y  .■\FrAir:s. — The  Anclo-Frcncli  fleet  enter- 
tlie  Black  .Sen,  .Jan.  4.  Turks  defeat  Ihissians  at  Cilate, 
Jan.  G.  Xccotiations  for  peace  continue  tliroiigli  the  Vi- 
enna Conference,  Jan.  Kussian  ambassadors  quit  Lon- 
don, Feb.  C,  Paris,  Feb.  7.  En^dish  and  French  ambassa 
dors  dismissed  St.  Petersbur:;,  Feb.  1(5.  Enjrland  and 
France  resolve  to  summon  Russia  to  evacuate  the  Prii!- 
cip;ilities  by  the  30th  April,  Feb.  23.  I'LUssians  cross  the 
Danube,  March.  Treaty  of  alliance  concluded  between 
England,  France,  and  tlic  Porte.  March  12.  Auirlo-Frcneii 
ultimatum  forwarded  to  St.  Petersbur^r.  Russia  refuses 
a  reply.  England  and  Franco  declare  war  airainst  Russia, 
Marcli  29.  Counter  declaration  of  Wiir  by  Russia  against 
Enirland  and  France,  April  12.  Convention  between 
Enjriaud  and  France.  April  18.  Odessa  bmubardcd,  Ai)ril 
22.  Anclo-Freneh  fleet  scours  the  Baltic.  May.  June. 
Austro-Turkish  Convention,  June  4.  Russians  raise  the 
siege  of  Silistria,  Jtino  2.S,  and  re-cross  the  iJanube,  July 
7.  Eu.ssiaiis  defeated  by  Turks  at  l'LUtscliuk..Tuly  12  and 
18.  Are  compelled  to  evacuate  the  Princip.alities  aiid  re- 
cross  the  Prnth,  Aug.  10.  Bomarsund  ca[jitiilates  to  the 
Allied  fleet  and  French  army,  Aug.  1(3.  Austrian  armies 
enter  the  Principalities,  Aug.  20.  Allies  land  in  the  Cri- 
mea, Sc[it.  14.  Defeat  the  Russians  at  the  Alma,  Sept. 
20.  Commence  the  sieire  of  Sebastopel,  Sept.  2S.  Fira 
opened,  Oct.  17.  Rattle  of  Balaklava.  Russians  rcimlsed, 
Oct.  2,5.  Battle  of  Inkcrniann,  Russians  again  n  pulsed 
Nov.  5.    Siege  of  Sebastojiol  i)rogresses,  Dec.  31. 

1868.    Subscriptions   to    the  1855.  Russia:  Death  of  the  Emperor  Nicholas  I.,  March  3. 

French  loan  of  500  millions 

of  francs  amount  to  2,000'  —The  allies  take  pos.session  of  Kertch  and  the  Sea  o( 

inillii.ns   of   francs,  ollered;  Aznph,  .May  24. 

by  177,000  persons.  i 

I  —  The  allies  repulsed  in  an  assault  on  the  outposts  of 

Death    of     Don    Carlos,'  Sebastopol,  June  13. 
claimant    of    the    S[)anishj 

throne,  .March  10.  —  Kars  invested  by  the  Russians,  June  23. 


Indust'l  E.xhibition  open- 
ed at  Paris,  M.ay  15, 


FALL  OF  SEB.ASTOPOr^' 
The  Malakholf  carried  by  the; 
French,  Sep.  8. 

Terrific  attack  of  the  Rus- 
Biaus  ou  Kars  repulsed,  Sep.  20. 


Mexico:  Sarta  .\nna 
abdicates.  Aug  9.  Car- 
rara chosen  tc  f  uooeed 
him. 


1 62 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1855  A.D.- 


Peogekss  of  Society,  etc. 


Deaths  in  1855 : 


U.S. 

S.  H.  Cone, 

Abbott  Law- 
rence, 

Jshn  0.  Spen- 
cer, 

T.  K.  Beck. 


Europe. 

Sir  n.  Bishop, 
Silk  Bucking- 
ham, 
•Tos.  Hume, 
Mi*3  Mitford, 
Nicholas  I, 
"Currer  Bell." 
SirW.E.Par- 

ry. 
Lord  Raglan, 
Saml.  liogers. 
Ans.     Kotlis- 

child. 
Lord  Truro. 


Launch  of  the  stm.  Adriatic 
(the  largest  yet  afloat)  at 
N.  Y.,  April  7. 


Pergonal  Assault  on  Senator 
Sumner  of  Mass.,  in  the  U. 
S.  Senate  by  Brooks  of  S. 
Ca.,  May  22. 


Submarine  Telegraph  cable 
laid  from  Cape  Broton  to 
Newfoundland.  July  12. 


Enrlinghame's  acceptance  of 

Brooks's  challenge,  July 
21. 

Brooks  and  Keitt  re-elected 
to  Congress  from  S.  C,  July 
28. 

Dudley  Observatory  Inang. 
at  Albany.  .\ug.  28. 

I'roston  S.  Brooks,  the  as- 
saulter of  Sumner,  publicly 
welcomed  and  presented 
with  a  cane,  at  Columbia, 
S.  C,  Aug.  29. 

Charles  Sumner  received  in 
Bo.ston  with  public  hon- 
ors, Nov.  3. 

2^.  Y.  and  Neufoundland 
Telegraph  Una,  1715  miles, 
opened  to  St.  John's,  Nov. 
10 


United  Stati-s. 


Great  Britain. 


1855.     Proclamation  against  fllihui 
terism  by  President    Pierce,  De( 


British  Arctic  vessel  Pe.solute 
found  and  brought  to  New  London 
by  an  American  whaler,  Dec.  23, 


1856.  N.  P.  Banks,  jr.,  of  Mass.,  elect- 
ed Speaker  of  House  of  Kepresent. 
of  U.  S.,  after  a  contest  of  9  weeks, 
by  plurality  of  Svote.s,  Feb.  2. 

Gubernatorial  contest  in  AViscon 
sin,  Jan. — Fob. 

Mr.  Fillmore  nominated  for  Pres't 
by  .'\mer.  Con.  at  Phila.,  Feb.  22. 

Free  State  Legisl.  at  Topeka, 
Kansas,  elect  Peeder  and  Lane  as 
delegates  to  Congress,  Feb.  8. 

Kansas  Investigation  Committee 
appointed,  .March  19. 

P.adre  Vidl  reeognised  as  Minist. 
from  Nicaragua,  May  14. 

President's  message  announcing 
difli<'ulty  with  Brit.  Gov.  on  enlist- 
ments in  the  U.  S.,  May  29. 

Buchanan  nominated  for  Pres't 
by  Dem.  Con.  at  Cincinati,  -June  7. 

Fremont  nominated  for  Pres't  by 
Pepub.  Conven.  at  Phila.,  June  17. 

H.  Pepres.  U.  S.  pass  a  bill  ad- 
mitting Kansas  under  Topeka  Con., 
July  8. 

Topeka  legislature  dispersed  by 
U.  S.  troops  under  Col.  Sumner, 
July  4. 

John  "W.  Geary  confirmed  as  Gov. 
of  Kansas,  July  31. 

AVhitefield  and  Eeeder  both  re- 
jected by  H.  llejires.  as  delegates 
from  Kansas,  Aug.  1. 

Extra  scs.sion  of  Congress  ad- 
journed Aug.  80. 

Municipaf  electioc  riot  at  Balti- 
more, 9  k.,  Oct.  8. 

V.  S.  troops  in  Ka.isas  arrest  and 
disarm  parties  of  emigrants  from  N. 
E.,  Oct.  10. 

Buchanan  elected  Pres.  Nov.  4 


1S55.  Visit  of  the 
Kins  of  Sardinia  to 
England,  Nov.  80. 

Captain  McClure 
receives  the  re. 
ward  of  £5,000  for 
discovery  of  "  tht 
N.  W.  passage,''' 
and  is  knighted 
Nov 


Brit,  fleet  bom 
bard  and  partlnllj 
destroy  Canton 
China,  Oct  28. 


1856  A.]). 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


163 


Europe,  t'lsewhcrc. 


TiiK  'U'oui.n,  elsewhere. 


1855 


1856 


Peace    CoTiffrcnco    at    Paris 

ojiened  Feb.  25. 
Birtli  of  nil  heir  to  the  throne, 

March  16. 
Tr6<xty  of  Pence  with  liiissia 

6igne(i  at  Paris,  March  80. 


1856.  PreHminarios  of  Pencp 
signed  at  Vienna,  Feb.  1. 


Do^tructlve  floods  near  Ly- 
ons, Ac,  wliole  villages  de- 
stroyed, Juno. 


1S56.  Omar  Pasha  defoats 
the  Russians  at  the  Iiigour, 
Nov.  5. 

Explosion  of  100,000  lbs. 
of  powder  at  Sebastopol, 
Kov.  15. 

Surrender  of  Kars  to  the 
Eusslans  after  a  famous  de 
fence  by  Gen.  Williams, 
Nov.  25. 


1S55.  Jfexico  : — Alvarez  ro 
signs  the  presidency,  and  is 
succeeded  by  Comonfort, 
Dec. 


The  Crimea  wholly  eva 
cuated  by  the  Allies,  July 
13. 


Russia  : — Alexander  IT. 
crowned  einpcror,  Sept.  7. 

—  Ritihrtu,^  of  '20n(t 
miles  contracted  for  by 
Govcrninent.  Capita!,  IOho 
millions  of  fram-s,  Oct.  28. 


Nnplet  :  —  Frem-li 
Fnglinh  ministers  1 
Oct  88. 


1856.  Costa  Rica :— Schleesin- 
ger  and  "Walker's  invasion 
defeated,  March  20. 

—  Walker  defeats  3,000 
Costa  liicans  at  Kivas,  Ap. 
11. 

Panama: — Riot  on  the 
Panama  K.  K.,  80  pa.ssengers 
killed,  April  15. 


Onnpowder  explosion  at 
Salonlca,  Turkey,  700  * 
and  MI.,  July  17. 


KarViqvnfre  In  Egypt 
Pvriii,  ami  i.sles  if  Med, 
About  VJOO  lives  lost,  and 
miiiiv  Ihons.-md  hiiildingi 
destroy  i-d,  ( )et.  12. 


Cranada,  city  of,  de 
stroved  by  Walker,  Not 
20-25. 


164 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1856  A.D.- 


A,D.|  Peooi'.ess  of  Society,  etc. 


Unitkd  States. 


BlilTISH  EMriBK. 


IS56 


Revival  of  the  African  Slave 
Trade  recommended  by 
Gov.  Adams  in  S.  Ca. 

Arctic  discovery  sliip  Reso- 
lute presented  to  Queen 
Victoria  by  Lient,  llart- 
stene  for  the  U.  S.  Govern- 
ment, Dec.  30. 


Dmtlis  in  1S56 : 


1S5G.  Barrier  Forts,  near  Can- 
ton. Cliina,  destroyed  by 
U.  S.  squadron,  for  an  at- 
tack on  an  American  boat, 
Dec.  6. 

Resolution  against  the 
Slave  Trade  passed  by  H. 
of  Reps.  U.  S.,  Dec.  16. 


U.  S. 

J.  M.  Berrien. 

Ogden  Ilctf- 
man. 

Com.  Morris. 

J.G.Perceval. 

Jno.  C.  War- 
ren. 

J.  M.  Clavton, 
U.  S.  S.' 

Georae  Steers, 
naval  archi- 
tect. 

T.  Cra\vford. 
sculjitor. 

Louis  M'Lane. 


EcnoPB. 

Jno.  Braham 

vocalist. 

Sir  "VV.  Hamil- 
ton, meta- 
phvsiciaii 

Von  liiela.  .-- 
trononier. 

LM  IlardinM 

Father  Mat- 
thew. 

Hugh  Miller. 

Sir  Jno.  Ross. 

"Westmacott. 

Yarrell. 

PI.  Delaroche, 


1867  Geo.  Peiibody  gives  ifSOO.OOO 
to  establish  a  free  Literary 
and  Scientific  Institute  at 
B.altimore,  Feb.  12. 


The  Chief-Justice  of  the  U. 
8.  proclaims  that  negroea 
havenori'jhtsvrhlch  white 
men  are  bouud  to  respect, 
March  6. 

'  Dred  Scot  decision,"  de- 
nounced by  the  Lecislature 
of  N.  Hampshire,  June  25. 

The  Atlantic  Telegraph  Ca- 
ble first  joined  at  sea  by 
the  Xiagara  and  Agamem- 
non, Aug.  6,  but  breaks 
Aug.  11.  " 

Loss  of  the  Central  America 
and  450  lives,  Sept.  8. 

Mass  mectingi  of  unemployed 
workmen  in  N.  Y.,  Nov.  2 
and  10. 

Stm.  Adriatic  starts  on  first 
voyage  to  Liverpool,  Nov. 
8& 


1S57.  Four  members  of  11. 
of  pLepresentativos  of  U.  S, 
from  N.  Y.  and  Conn,  ex- 
pelled for  corrupt  conduct, 
Fub.  19. 

Buchanan  inaugurated 
President.  March  4. 

Lord  Napier  recognised 
as  British  minister,  March 
16. 

The  Dred  Scot  Deci- 
sion delivered  by  Chief- 
•Justice  Taney,  March  6. 

R.  J.  Walker  accepts  ap- 
[)oiiitTiient  as  Governor  of 
Kaiiias.  M.irch  26. 

Attempt  to  arrest  ^fayor 
Wood  in  N.  Y.  for  an  as- 
sault  on  the  Street  Com- 
missioner. June  16. 

General  Financial  Pa 
nic  begins  with  suspension 
ot  Ohio  Life  and  Trust  Co., 
An  2.  24. 

Lecompton  Convention, 
Kansas,  meets  Sept.  T. 

Suspension  of  Philad, 
banks,  Sept.  25  and  26,  fol- 
lowed bv  gener.al  suspen.  of 
banks  in  Pa.,  Md..  D.  C, 
R.  I 

Suspension  of  N.  T.  city 
banks,  Oct.  13-14,  and  Mas- 
sacluisetta  banks  same  day. 

Payments  resumed,  Dec. 
12. 


1857.    Treaty  of  Peace  witt 
Persia  signed  Jiarch  B. 

Palniorston  Ministry  out- 
voted on  the  Chinese  ques- 
tion, March  5. 

New  septennial  Parli.a- 
ment  meets,  April  30. 

The  Manchester  Art  Ex- 
hibition opened.  May  6. 

Reliellion  in  India  begin* 
May  9  :  King  of  Delhi  pro- 
claimed sovereign  of  India. 

Have  LOCK  defeats  th»  re- 
bels under  Nena  Sahib,  and 
recaptures  Cawnpore,  July 
13. 

The  Emp.  and  Emprew 
toria,  Aug.  6. 

Sir  Coi.iN  Campbeli.,  tb« 
new  com. -in-chief,  arrivei 
at  Calcutta,  Aug.  14. 

De'hi  taken  after  an  &» 
sault  of  6  days,  Sept  14. 


i857  A.D. 


A  CIIROXOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


165 


EuEOPE,  elsewhere. 


World,  el6ewh«r#. 


1867.  Austria:— Amnesty  to  1867.  Mexico:  New  constito- 
political  ctlendors  in  Lom-  tion  proiimlgated,  March  II. 
D»rdy,  &C.,  Jan.  25. 

Costa  Kica : — Walker  sur- 
renders Kivas,  and  aijreos  t« 
leave  iv  icaragua,  May  1. 


■)t   the   French  visit  Qneen  Vio- 


Sweden  and  Xorway: — 
!  Cluiries  I.ouis.  I'rince- 
I     T.Dval,  made  Kc-trcnt,  t'ep. 

2G. 

KiTiperors  of  France  and  Russia  meet  at    Stuttfrart. 
8«pt.  36. 


Ktraragua  :  —  "Walke. 
and  his  men  snrr»'n(ier  to 
r.  S.  slili,  Waliiihli,  Com. 
I'aiildinu-.  D.'C.  8. 


:}8 


1 66 


THE    WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1857  A.D. 


'85T 


Proguess  of  Society,  etc. 


United  States. 


DeaiJit  in  1857. 


U.S. 


EUEOPE. 


1S5T.  "  Lecompton  Constitu- 
tion" adopted  by  Conven- 
tion, Nov.  9. 


W.  Walker  reaches  N.  Y. 
"on  parole,"  and  surren 
ders  to  U.  S.  marslial,  Deo. 


C.  Colton.  Beran<;er.  Walker    resigns    as   Go 

E.  K.  Kane.      C.  Bonaparte,  vernor  of  Kansas,  Dec.  15. 
W.  L.  Marcy.   J.  W.  Croker. ' 
Tlios.  J.  liusk.  Thos.  Dick. 
Kli  Smith.         Marshall  Hall. 

Earl  of  KUes- 
mere. 

Doiiprlas    Jer- 
rold. 

W.  Scoresby. 

Eugene  Sue. 

And.  Ure. 

Cavaignac. 

Aug.  Compte. 

llavelock. 

Chris.  Eauch, 
sculptor. 


Gkbat  Bbitain. 


1857.     Ei.glish   and   Frenofc 
ture  the  city,  Dec.  2S-80. 


1858  Commercial  failures  in  one  1858. 
year,  ending  Dec.  25,  1857. 
amount  to  5,12-3 :  liabilities, 
$■-'91, 750.000. 

Launch  of  the  monster  steam- 
er Great  Eastern  at  Lon- 
don. .Tan.  31. 

Crawford's  Monwinent  to 
M'(is/iinffti»i,  at  Itichmond, 
inaugurated,  Feb.  22 

E.xtonsive  and  remarkablere- 
Ugious  '•'■revivnl"  through- 
out the  U.  S.  in  February, 
March,  itc. 

Gold    mine    exoitemi'nt 
Washington     and    Oregon 
territory. 

New  "  Divoi'ce  CourV  open- 
ed in  London,  May  10, 

Donati's  Comet  seen  In  June 
and  -July. 

"  Vigilance  Committee"  iu 
N.  Orleans,  June  2. 

New  Prohibitory  Liquor 
Law  voted  in  Maine,  June 
7. 

Turkish  Admiral,  Mehemet 
I'acha,  and  suite  leave  Bos- 
ton, after  an  extended  visit 
in  tlie  U.  States,  July  14. 

A  Jeic  in  Brit.  Parlidmcnt. 
July  2(5. 

.Atlantic  Tei.E(;p.apu. 

Nation.al  Teachers'  Associa- 
tion— 1st  .Ann.  Convention 
at  Cincinnati  Aug.  11. 


Mr.  Buchanan's  "  Kan- 


1858.  French  and  English 
the  Governor,  Teh,  Jan.  6. 

The  Princess-Koyal  01 
England  married  to  the 
Prince  of  Prussia,  Jan.  25. 

Steamer  Great  Eastern 
first  floated,  Jan.  31. 

Eesignation  of  PaIme^ 
ston"s  Ministry,  and  acces- 
sion of  Lord  Derby,  Feb.  20. 


sas  Message"  to  II.  Keps., 
with  Lecompton  Constitu- 
tion, Feb.  2. 

"  Avti- Lecompton  De^ 
mocratic  "  meetings  In 
Phila.,  N.  Y.,  &c.,Feb.  and 
March. 

Bill  to  admit  Kansas  as  a 
State,  under  Lecompton 
Const.,  passes  the  Senate, 
March  2-3. 

The  Ilouse  passes  another 
bill. 

New  Free  State  Conven- 
tion of  Kansas,  at  Leaven- 
worth, March  25. 

The  "  En^'Iish  K.^nsas 
bill"  p.assed  both  Houses  of 
Congress,  April  3ii. 

Minnesota  State  Govern- 
ment organized  at  St.  Paul, 
.May  2-3."  | 

Atlantic  Telegraph  fleet  sails   from  Plymouth,  Eng 
land.  June  10. 


The  President  sends  a 
message  announcing  peace- 
able Settlement  of  trouble 
in  Utah,  -lune  10. 

Treaty  of  Peace  and  .'\_mi- 
ty  with  China,  signed  at 
Tien-Tsin,  June  13, 


Eng.  steam.  Cyclops  bom- 
bards Jeddah.  July  25-26. 

Baron  Itothschild  takes 
his  seat  in  H.  of  Commone 
July  26. 

Queen  Victoria  and  Pr. 
bourg,  Aug.  4, 


Q\iceu  Victoria's  message  to  r 

Slaver  Echo  cajitured  and  carrried  to    Charleston,   Au- 
ust  27. 


News    of   the  completion   of  Atlantib   Telegrajh  re- 
ceived with  joyful  demonstrations,  Aug.  5. 
.Magnificent    celebration! 
at  New  York,  Sept.  1. 

The  English  bill  voted| 
on  by  the  poo|ile  of  Kan- 
sas and  rejected,  August! 
9.  I 

re.-<i<lent  Buchanan  sent  rmd  received,  August  16. 


1858  A.D.  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


167 


Fran  an. 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


The  Woeld,  »l6ewher«L 


fleets  bombard  Canton,  and  oap- 


tr(  ops  enter  Canton  and  capture 


Attempt  by  Orsinl  and 
others  to  assassin  ate  the 
Emperor  with  a  liand  cro- 
nade :  S  persons  k.  and  156 
wounded,  Jan.  14. 


1857.  Naples :  Terrible  earth 
quake,14,000  persons  killed. 


Albert  visit  the  Kiiiperor  at  Cher- 


1868.  Mexico:— Revolution, 
Comonfort  srives  up  the  Go- 
vernment to  Juarez;  Zulo- 
aga  proclaimed  president  by 
a  H.  of  Representatives. 


Turkey :  —  Massacre  <A 
Christians  at  Jeddab— 4S 
killed,  Juiia  IS. 


1 68 


THE    WORLD  S    TROGRESS. 


1858  A.D.- 


A.D.I  Progkess  of  Society,  &c 


;S53|Tlie  N.  T.  State  quarantine 
I    buildings  al  Staton  Island 
i     destroyed   by  the  citizens 
!     as  a  nuisance,  Sept.  1. 
First  overland  mail  for  Ca- 
lifornia leaves  St.  Louis, 
Sept.  16. 
Boston  Public  (Free)  Library 
opened,    costing    $450,000, 
Sei)t.  IT. 
The  "  General  Admiral"  stm. 
fri^'ate,   built    for    Russian 


1359 


United  States. 


Geeat  Britain. 


1858.     U.    St.    stm.   Niagara 
sails   from    Charleston  for 


Liberia,  with  rescued  slaves 
of  the  '•  Echo,"  Sept.  20. 


government,    launched    at 

N.  Y.,  Sept.  21. 
Crystal  Palace,  N.  T.,  burnt, 

Oct.  5.  I 

The  yacht  Wanderer  lands  800  Africans  near  Brunswick, 

Ga..  Nov.  28. 
The  Grand  Jury  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  refuse  to  Indict  the 

slaver  "  Echo,"  Nov.  80 
Fir&t  railroad  in  Egypt. 


Deaths  in  1858. 
U.  S.         I      Europe. 


T.  n.  Benton. 

Kob.  Hare. 

H.AV.  llei-bert. 

Freem'nilunt. 

Com.  Perry. 

Gen.  Quitman 

Gen.  P.  F. 
Smith. 

N.  AV.  Tavlor. 

B.  F.  Butler. 

Parker  Cleve- 
land. 

Wm.  Jay. 


R.  Brown,  bo- 
lauist. 

Geo.  Combo. 

"  liachel." 

Marshall  Hall. 

Duchess    of 
Orleans. 

lie.-chid     Pa- 
cha. 

Ka.letsky. 

Ary  Scheffer. 

llobt.  Owen. 

Sir  W.  Keid. 

Foresti. 


U.  S.  Agricultural  Conven- 
tion at  Washington,  D.  C, 
Jan.  .3. 


1859.     NewITallofthoU.  S. 
Senate  first  occupied,  Jan. 


Siideirsbill.  giving  $-30,000,000  to  facilitate  the  acquisition 
of  Cuba,  introduced  Jan.  10. 


Sickles  kills  Key  at  W;u;hing- 
ton,  for  seiluclion  <<f  his 
wife,  Feb.  27;  he  is  tried 
and  acquitted,  April  26. 

Southern  (_'onvention  at  Vick' 
of  the  Slave  TiMde.  May  11. 

Great  fire  at  Key  Uest,  110 
hou.<o«;  Itos  $3,750,000, 
-May  16- 


ielerjrfLrii>^ — India  to  Eng- 
land. 

Several  slavers  captured  hy 
U.  S.  vessels. 


Mr.  McLane  recognises  the 
Juarez  government  In  Mex- 
ico, April  4 

iburgh  discusses  the  opening 


1858.  The  East  India  Com- 
pany  ceases  to  exist,  and 
Its  vast  possessions  pass 
Into  the  hands  of  the  Brit 
Governmoot,  Sept  1. 


1859.  D'Israeli  introduces  a 
new  Reform  Bill,  Feb.  28. 

Lord  Lyons,  new  British 
minister  at  Washington,  re- 
ceived, April  12. 

England  protests  against 
Austrian  menaces  of  Sardi- 
nia. Aiiril  21. 

English  court  in  mourn- 
ing for  the  tyr»nt  king  of 
Naples  (May). 

New  Parliament  mcet^ 
May  80.  J.  E.  Dennlson 
elected  speaker. 


Telegrams  to  India  acce- 
lerated seven  days  by  cable 
on  the  Red  Sea,  June  S 


l859''^-^^-  -^  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


169 


Fea>-ce. 


EcEOPK,  elsewhere. 


TuE  WoELD,  elsewhere. 


1868 


185S.  Egypt :  — First  train 
on  tlie  Surz  Kailroad  crosses 
tlie  isthiiiusin  eleven  hours, 
from  Suez  to  Alexandria, 
Dec.  5. 

Hayti :  —  devolution  — 
Faustin  banished — General 
JefTrard  proclaimed  Presi- 
dent, Dec.  21. 


Tlie  Kniperor'.s  ^!ew-Tear's  1?.')9.  Austria  demands  tliat 
8|iC('(:li  lo  Hubiicr,  Austrian!  Sardinia  shall  (lis<i>-7n. 
mini.-tcr,  causes  a  war  sen-i  Ap.  23.  Kiisrland  protests 
sation,  .Ian.  1.  \     ai-'ainst  this  iiienaee. 

Prince      Na].oloon      marries;         Sardinian  army  on  a  war 
1     tlio  l'rinc(vs  Cl()thilde..Jan.      footing. 
I     2'J. 

Fn-neh  troops  rc.ioli  Turin  and  Genoa,  .April  2f>-''ifl. 
iW'ar     ilcelniod.     in     allianee!         'rusrany  : — (iraiid    Diike 
1     with  S.-inlinia,  aL'aiii.it  .\iis-;     abdicalos:    his   troops   fia- 
tria.  M;iy  8  I     tcrnizo  with  revolutionists, 

,Suti>'Tiptioiis     f'T      loan    of      Ajiril  '27. 
I     .W)   iiiillitn   francs  cveed  Auxtrin   derf/irfu  Vf Wi 

'•     four  tiiji.s  Ihal  sum,  from       A(;A1.NS'!'       SAllDINIA, 
I     ."J^S.OOO  per.^ons.  and   her  troops   croHS    the 

y'irinn.  April  20. 
iThe  Finfieror  J..  X.ipoleon  arrives  at  Genoa,  May  13. 
iKinpie-smad.-  i.-e-ent.     | 
/latUe  I'f  Muid,  hdlo  :  Au.strians  d.f.ated.  May  20. 

I  (Jarilialdi  enters    Como, 

I      .Mav2T. 
P.atlle  of  I'ale^tro  :    Au-triaus  def.  atcd,  May  S?0. 
^ lidtllp  (if  Mnijnitd  :  .\llir,  viet'.rious,  June  4;   and  enter 
I     ililaii,  .luno  8. 


1859.  Ifea-lco. — Mi  ram  on  ap- 
pears before  Vera  Cruz, 
Alarch  lS-27. 

I'eru  : — Earthquake  de- 
stroys [lart  of  t^uito,  -March 
29. 


Naples  :— Death  of  Ferdi- 
nand II..  and  ac<'ession  of 
Francis  n  ,  May  22. 


I/O 


THE    WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1859  A.D.- 


Pkogeess  ok  Society,  etc. 


United  States. 


Great  Britain. 


1850 


Kemarkable  religious  revi- 
val iu  Ireland,  Jane,  July, 
etc. 


ExcesHwe  heat  In  California 
and  in  Europe,  June-July. 

Wise  travels  1200  miles  In  a 
balloon  from  St.  Louis  to  N. 
York  state,  July  1. 

Gold  images  found  in  Indian 
graves  at  Chiriqui,  July. 


Cosmopolitan  celebration  of 
100th  birthday  of  Schiller, 
Nov.  10. 


Brilliant  ineteor  seen  in  N.  Y, 
and  N.  England,  Nov.  15. 


Deaths  in  1859 : 

U.  S.  EUKOPB. 


1859. 


French    and    English    In 
the  forts  of  the  Peiho,  Jun« 
Com.  Tatnall. 
Gen.  Harney  takes  possession  of  the  island  of  San 


J.  W.  Alexan- 
I    der. 

iW.  C.  Bond, 
iliufus  Choate. 
jBp.  Doane. 
IHoE.  Mann. 
Den.  Olmsted. 
AV.    H.   Pkes- 

COTT. 

Pach.  Kush. 
Geo.  Bush 
J.  Y.  Mason. 
Theo.     Sedge' 

wick. 
Linn  Boyd. 
Washington 

Irviku. 


laao 


Dr.  Abbott. 
T.  K.  Hervey. 
HUMBOLDT 
Leigh  Hunt. 
Jejeebhoy. 
D.  Lardner. 

0.  K.  Leslie. 
Lady  Morgan. 
Jos.  Sturge. 
De     Tocque 

ville. 
Metternich. 
De  Quincey. 
J.  .\.  James. 
J.  P.  ^icliol. 
Thos.  N\ittall 

1.  Iv.  Brunei. 
Carl  Eitter. 
Louis  Spiihr. 
Sir  J. Stephen 
Macailay. 
Kobert      Ste 

phenson. 


Law  passed  in  Arkansas,  Jan.  1S60.    Pennington  of  N.  Jer 


Juan  (now  Vancouver's  island)  July  9. 


Kansas   Const.    Conv 
tion    meets  at  Wyandote, 
July  5. 

Gen.  Harney  proclaims 
posses.sion  of  the  Island  of 
San  Juan  for  the  U.  States. 
July  27. 

Mr.  Ward,  U.  S.  minis- 
ter, reaches  Pekin,  July  3u. 

Treaty  with  China  rati- 
fied, Aug.  16.  r 

J.  Y.  Mason,  U.  S.  mi- 
nister to  France,  dies  at 
Paris,  Oct.  3. 

John  Brown^s  Raid  for 
the  liberation  of  slaves,  at 
Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  Oct 
17.  12  of  his  men  and  1 
marine  killed.  2  of  his  men 
hunc.  Dec.  16;  and  2  more 
March  16,  1860. 


Congress  a<^embles,  Dec 


Builders'  strike  begins  in 
London,  July  25. 


Captain  McClintock  re- 
turns, bringing  relics  ol 
Franklin's  expedition,  Sep. 
21. 

Steamer  Royal  Charter 
wrecked  in  British  Chan- 
nel ;  445  persons  lost,  and 
£1,000,000  in  gold. 


1,  to  banish  free  negroes 
from  the  state. 


Decree  by  the  Emperor  of 
Austria  in  fivor  of  ric'its 
of  the  Jeics,  Jan.  10. 


sey  elected  speaker  of  the 
House  of  Kepresentatives, 
after  a  balloting  for  nearly 
two  months,  Feb.  1. 


Death  of  Lord  Macaulay 
Deo.  28. 


1860.  Lord  Clyde  proclaims 
the  rebellion  in  India  ai 
subdued,  Jan.  7. 


i86o  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


171 


Fkance. 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


The  Woeld,  elsewhere. 


1859 


['enisia  sacked  by  papal  troops,  June  20. 
Battle  of  Solfcrino,  June  24.     Austrians  under  the  Empe- 
ror in  person  defeated  by  the  allies:  great  loss  on  both 

sides. 


Treaty  of  Peace  signed  by  the  Emperors  of  France  and 
Austria,  at  Villafranca,  July  IJ. 


The  Emperor  returns  to  St 

C'loud,  July2T. 
Entrance  of   "  the   Army  of 

Italy"  into  Paris,  Aug,  14. 
Political  amnesty,  Aug.  17. 


Treaty  with  Japan,  ratified 
at  J'eddo,  Sept.  22. 


The  I'mperor  advises  Victor 
ETiiiiiiiiel  a  proL'ramrnc  for 
the  UKjtneratiun  uf  Italy . 
Oct.  2U. 


■E\-i-lianL'f'  of  ratifications  of 
I  the  Treaty  of  Ziiricli,  .Nov. 
I     21. 

The  i;ini>ei<ir's  letter  to  Iho  I'opc,  ad\isin 
Koiii.'mna,  l)eo.  •')!. 


1859.  Tuscany :— Council  of 
State  votes  in  favour  of 
annexation  to  Sardinia, 
July  12. 

Conference  at  Zurich 
opened,  August  8. 

Sardinia  : — C'avour  dis- 
missed from  the  ministry, 
July  13. 

Tuiicany :— The  Nation. 
Assem.  decrees  the  perma- 
nent exclusion  of  the  Aus- 
trian dynasty,  Aug.  16. 

Modena  : — Farini  dicta- 
tor, oi)ens  the  Nat.  Assem- 
bly, Aug.  16,  and  assumes, 
government  of  Farma, 
Aug.  IS. 

Horiie : — Concordat  be 
tween  the  Pope  and  Spain, 
Aug.  26. 

-Russia  : — Schainyl  taken 
prisoner  in  Caucasia,  Sept. 
6. 

Bologna: — Assenib.  Nat. 
under  pres.  of  Minghetti 
decree  independence  from 
the  Pope.  Sept.  7. 

Sardinia:  —  The  kln_ 
receives  deputations  from 
Modena  and  Parma,  ten- 
dering annexation  to  Bar 
dinia.  Sejit.  15. 

liomagna  : — Decree  of 
annexation  to  Sardinia. 
Oct.  7. 

Sjxiin,  declitres  war 
ai,'ain>t  .Morocco,  Oct.  22. 
O'Donnell  named  com. -in- 
chief  of  Sp.-uiish  army. 

Sarflinia  .•— I'rinee  Ca- 
ritrn.an  m;ide  regent  of  Ko- 
magna.  Parma,  (^tc.Nov.  6. 
but  <leclines  in  favor  of 
Biionconi]iagni. 

ion  of 


1859.  Mexico : — Juarez  de- 
crees tlie  confiscation  oj 
church  property.  July  12. 
Venezuela: — Civil  war; 
downfall  of  Castro,  tht  Pre- 
sident, July. 

Costa  Rica : — Eevclution 
— fall  of  Mora,  Ang.  14. 


Treaty  with  Nicaragua  rati- 
lied,  Jan.  11. 


I'^GO.  Spain  :—'\'ho  Moors 
defeated  at  Ca.^tellejor,  .)an. 
1. 

Home: — The  I'o|)e  ro- 
[)lies  to  tile  Ijnperor,  rofus- 
iiiu'  to  cede  the  l.etrations, 
Jan.  8. 

Sariliiiiii : — Cavour  re- 
called to  the  premiership, 
Jan.  l.\ 


Buenos  Ayres  : — Battl* 
with  the  troops  of  Argen- 
tine Confederation,  Oct.  2& 


172 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


i860  A.D. 


Pkogress  of  Societt,  etc. 


United  Stated 


Gr.EAT  Beitaik. 


1860  First  "  Pony  Express''  reaches  Carson  Valley  in  eight  and 
a  half  days  from  Missouri;  and  news  thence  by  telegraph 
reaches  San  Francisco  in  nine  days  from  New  York. 

1860.  The  "Covode  Com- 
mittee" (House  of  Repre- 
sentatives) appointed  to  ex- 
amine allesed  corruption 
of  the  government,  March 
5. 

U.   S.   corvette  Saratoga 
captures  Miramon's  vessels 
at  Vera  Cruz,  March  7. 
Japanese  Emhassy  arrives  at  San  Francisco,  March  2S ; 
I     at  Washington,  May  14;  at  Baltimore,  June  S;  at  Phila- 
delphia, June  9  ;   at  iN'ew  York,  June  16.     Sails  for  Ja- 
pan, in  the  U.  S.  frigate  Niagara,  June  80. 


Universal  Suffrage  in  Cen- 
tral Italy. 


1860.  French  treaty  ratified 
by  116  majority  in  the  Com 
mons,  Feb.  24 


Lord  J.  Russell  proposes  a 
new  Reform  Bill,  March  3, 
but  abandons  it,  June  11. 


Papal  bull  against  agitators 

and  reformers. 
Fight  of  Heenan  and  Sayers 

for  the   championship  of 

England,  April  17. 


Ministers  defeated  on  • 
bill  for  repeal  of  paper  duty 
— passed  by  the  Commons 
but  rejected  (89  majority) 
by  the  Lords,  May  21. 


Review  of  18,000  volun- 
teers by  the  Queen  in  Hyd« 
I'ark,  June  23. 


Democratic  Convention 
at  Charleston,  April  23. 

Mr.  McLane"s  treaty  with 
Mexico  (Juarrez)  rejected! 
by  the  Senate,  May  81.  j 
National  Repub.  Conven- 
tion at  Chicago  meets  May! 
16,  and  nominates  Abraham! 
Lincoln  for  President,  and| 
Hannibal  Hamlin  for  Vice-l 
President  of  U.  S.  I 

!Law  of  Maryland  prohibiting  the  manumission  ofsla/cea 
takes  efl'ect,  June  1.  I 

Tornado  in  Iowa  and  11-] 
linois  destroys  whole  vil- 
lages, June  3.  1 
Nat.  Democr.atic  Conven- 
tion (adj(iurne<l)  at  Balti- 
more, June  18,  nominates 
Douglas  and  Fitz]iatrick: 
a  seceding  Convention  no- 
minate Breekenriilge  and 
Lane,  resjieclivi'lv  for  Pre- 
sident and  V.  Pr.'s.  of  U.  S. 

The  Great  Eastern  arrives  at  New  York,  from  Southampton,  June  28. 

Dr.  Hayes's  Arctic  ILxpedition  from  Boston,  sails  ■iuly  1.     1 

Remarlcable  meteor  in  various  northern  states.  .lulv  20.       I 

Visit  of  Vie  Prince  of  Wales  to  British  North  Ame» 
rica  and  the  United  States.     He  lai  ds  at  St.  John's,  July 
21;    arrives    at    Quebec,   August   18;     Montreal,  24th,' 
Ottawa,  AiiL'tist  31;    Ni:igara,  September  14;    Detroit 
Sept.  2it;  Wasliinirton,  Oct. 
8;     Philadelphia,"  Oct.    9; 
New  York,  Oct.  11  ;    Bos- 
ton, ITtli;  I'ortland,  2iith; 
Plymouth,   llngland,   Nov. 
15. 

Lincoln  and  Hamlin 
elected  Pres.  and  V.-Pres. 
of  the  U.  S.  l)y  the  votes  of 
all  ilie  nortliern  states  ex- 
cept New  Jersey,  which 
chose  4  elect  >rs  for  Donsrlas 
anil  3f.r  Lincoln,  Nov.  6. 

This  election  is  made  the 
piete.vt  for  n-liellion  and 
"  Secession"  of  the  cotton 
states— S.  Caroli'ia  leading, 
aid  a<loi>tinir  in  Convention 
an  ordinance   of   .-eces.-iion 

W  C  Preston.  H.  H  "Wilson  I    from  the  U,  S.,  Dec.  20. 


Deatht  in  1860. 


U.  B. 

J.  A.  Alexan- 
der. 

\V.  E.  Burton, 

C.  A.  Good- 
rich. 

S.  G.  Good- 
rich. 

Theo.  Parker. 

J.   K.    Pauld- 


EUEOPE. 

Sir  C.  Barry. 

Lady  Noel 
Byron. 

G.P.  U. James. 

Anna  Jame- 
son. 

Jullien. 

Sir\V.N:ipier, 

Uaden  i^ w 
ell. 

H.  H  "VTilson 


lS6o  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


173 


EuROi'K,  olsowliere. 


The  AVoeld,  elsewhere. 


iHiJ  Thouvenel  foreign  minister, 
•Ian.  24. 
•  1j  Univers,^'  ultra-montane 
jiiuriial,  suiipres^ed,  Jan.  29. 

Dijilomatic  correspondence  of 
Aiitonelli,  i'eb. — March. 

Xef^otiations  re.'*pecting  an 
nen'utlnn  of  yiee  and  Sa 
roy.  Treaty  for  cession  to 
Franee  signed  at  Turin, 
March  24  ;  but  Switzerland 
l)rotests. 

Nice  votes  for  annexation  to 
France  24,448  for,  and  IGO 
again>it. 

Savoy  gives  1.31,744 /or  and 
'i^  ugaiiiHt. 


The  luii]jeror  retuses  an  aj)- 
plication  from  Naples  to 
act  as  mediator,  June  7. 


Frrrieli  Inmps  s.-nt  to  Syria 
to  puiii-,h  t!  (>  iriiirdcrcrs  of 
(rnrisli,ni>.  Aii-.l. 


■\  FriT.ch  11. -et  idaccd  before 
Giietii;  fir  whicli  side  is 
no*,  proclaimed.  j 


38* 


ISCO.  Spain: — Decisive  vie 
tory  over  the  Moors  at  Te 
touan,  Feb.  4. 

SartHnia  : — The  army 
raised  to  50,fi0'l,  I-eb.  26, 

Thouvenel  with  Cavour  and 

Buoncoiupagnl  resigns  as 
governor  of  C'enti  al  Italy 
March  .3. 

Tuscany : — Kesult  of  vot- 
ing on  annexation  to  Sardi- 
nia pub.,  viz :  For.  366,571 ; 
agaitifii,  14,925  (for  sejm- 
rate  kingdom) 

Austria  advertises  for 
new  loan,  March  24,  and 
protests  against  Sardinian 
occupation  of  Tuscany,  &c. 

Spiiiu  :■ — I'eace  with  Mo- 
rocco ratified,  March  29. 

Jiome  :  ■ —  Papal  hull 
asainst  revolutionists,  Mar. 
29. 

Revolution  in  Sioily  be- 
gins at  I'alermo,  Messina, 
and  Catania,  April  4. 

Rome: — Antonelli  pro- 
tests against  Sardinian  an- 
nexation of  liomagna. 

Si  city: — GariJjatOilancls 
at  MdiKota.  with  2.000 
men.  fioni  (Jinoa,  May  10 
Proclaims  liimsclf  dictator 
on  bidjalf  of  Vict(u-  F^ma- 
nuel,  14tli. 

Naples: — ('oiu_'essions  pro- 
claimed to  the  peojde,  ilav 
19. 

—  'Garibaldi  takes  Pa- 
lermo, May  27. 

—  A  iiberid  ministry 
formed  at  .Xajilcs,  June  28. 
'I'lie  King  grants  new  con- 
sfitution  and  amnesty,  J'ne 
2."). 

Caribaldi's  victory  at  Mc- 
laz/o.  July  211-21. 

AVf'//j/ (cxcrpliiis  th(>  ci- 
tailcl  of.Mcs.-iliiilcvacM»tcd 
l>y  tlic  .\e:ii>olitaiis,  Jidv 
.36. 

•  Garibaldi's  troops  land  in 
Calabria,  An;;.  S. 

—  Kntci-s  .X.-ijiles. 

'I'lie  Ki"L'  (d'  Natilcs  re- 
tire^ to  (;;icta.  Sept.  ,  and 
is  iK'sicircd  tlK'i-e  by  (he 
ti-o<.|is  (if  Caribaldi  and 
Yirlor  llmaiiiKd. 

(iaribaldi  resigns  bis 
pomcr  to  Victdr  iimaniie], 
and  retires  to  Caprera. 


1S60.  Argentine  Confed.  Dvt 
qui  president,  Feb.  5. 


Mexico  : — Miramon  at 
tacks  Vera  Cruz,  March  7- 
13. 

Japan  :  —  The  Regent 
woinuled  in  a  riotous  at- 
tack. 

Mexico  : —  Zuloaca  pro- 
claims himscdf  pi'csideiit, 
and  denounces  Miramon, 
May  1. 


Ania.    Minor: — Ilorr  ble 

massacre  of  the  (Jhrist.ans 
and  Maronite.s,  May.  3.000 
killed  at  Damascus,  July  9. 

Honduras:  -W.  Walker 
the  "  fililiuster,"  taken  ]>ri- 
Boner  and  shot,  Sept.  12. 

Si/ria  : — Fiiad  Pasha  sen! 
airalnst  tlie  Druses,  An;,'.  5 
1(17  .Moslems  implicated  In 
the  iTiasH.acres  are  excouteij 
at  Damascus,  Aug.  20. 


174 


THE   WORLD  S    PROGRESS. 


1 86 1  A.D.- 


1861 


PiiOGEESS  OF  Society 


Horosy  of  "SECES- 
SION" or  Xrcasoi 
in  the  United  States 


JJf.alhs  in  18G1  :  Prince 
Albert,  5Irs. Brown- 
ing', Count  Cavour, 
Czavtorypki,  Dr.  J. 
W.  Francis,  Geof. 
St.HiJaire,  Pr.  Gort- 
ehakolf,  Nathaniel 
Lyon,  Lug-'e  Scribe. 


United  States. 


British  Empibb 


1861.  This  example  foP.O'A'Lii  by  Mississippi, 
Jan.  &,  Alabama,  .Jar..  11^  ^lorida,  Jan.  12, 
Georgia,  Jan.  19,  Loulaiana,  Jan.  26. 

Attempt  tc  carry  '/irgi'nia,  Kentucky,  Ten- 
nessee, N.  JaroJina,  Missouri,  and  Arkan- 
sas tor  sece.ssion  defeated,  Jan. — March, 
1861.  Texas  carried  for  secession,  but  a 
strong  reaction  for  union  follows.  Gen. 
Twiggs  sun'enders  tlie  U.  S  forces  in  Tex- 
as, and  the  military  stores,  to  the  state, 
Feb. 

Inauguration  of  Lincoln,  (Repub.)  Presi 
dent  U.  S.,  March  4. 

WAR  of  REBELS  against  U.  S. 

April  13.  Fort  Sumter  surrenders  to  rebels. 

April  15.  75,000  men  called  for  by  proclama- 
tion. 

April  15.  Great  meeting  in  New  York  to 
support  the  Government. 

April  19.  Attack  on  Massachusetts  troops 
in  Baltimore. 

April  21.  Harper's  Ferry  arsenal  burned  by 
its  gaiTison. 

April  25.  Virginia  secedes. 

May  6.  Arkansas  secedes. 

May  20.  North  Carolina  secedes. 

May  21.  Tennessee  secedes. 

June  8.  The  Savannah  privateer  captured. 

June  10.  Big  Bethel  defeat. 

July  4.  Congress  meets. 

July  11.  Rich  Mountain  victory. 

July  21.  Bull  Run  defeat. 

Aug.  29.  Fort  Hatteras  taken. 

Oct.  21.  Ball's  Bluif  disaster. 

Nov.  1.  McClellan  Commander-in-Chief. 

Nov.  7.  Port  Royal  forts  taken. 

Nov.  8.  Wilkes  seizes  Slidell  and  Mason. 

\ov.  30.  Jett.  Davis  elected  President  of  the 
Confederate  States. 

Dec.  2.  Union  armies  have  660,971  men. 

1862. 

Jan.  1.  M;ison  and  Slidell  released. 

Jan.  19.  Mill  Springs  defeat. 

Feb.  6.  Fort  Henry  taken. 

Feb.  7.  Roanoke  taken  by  Burnside. 

Feb.  16.  Fort  Donelson  taken. 

Feb.  23.  Nashville  taken. 

March  9.  The  Cumberland  and  Congress  lost 
at  Hampton  Roads. 

March  10.  Manassas  found  evacuated  by 
Rebels  and  is  occupied  by  Union  troops. 

March  11.  McClellan  takes  command  ot 
4.rmy  of  Potomac. 

March  14.  Ncwbern  taken  by  Burnside. 

April  1.  Beaufort  taken  by  Burnside. 

April  4.  Slavery  abolislied  in  D.  Columbia. 

ii^ril  5.  MoCleilan    "besieges"    Yorktown. 

April  6.  Shiloh  defeat— A.  S.  Johnson  killed. 

April  11.  Fort  Pulaski  taken. 

April  ^6.  New  Orleans  taken. 

May  5.  Yorkto^vn  occupi  ?■:'  by  McClellan — 
Mav  1.    Intomatiomil'     Action  at  Williamsb-.:igr. 
Exhibition  at  Let,  i^^'^>"  ^^-  Norfolk   t.tKen— the  Mammae 
don.  I     burnt — Farragut  ^srendij  the  Mississippi 

I     —Little  Rock  tiikea. 


July — First  War  Loan 
of  the  United  States 
Government,  $250- 
000,000. 

Oct.  1.  Commerci 
treaty  bet'n  l^rance, 
England  and  Bel 
gium  in  force. 

Nov.  1.  Telcijraph  be- 
tween Malta  and 
Alexandria  opened 


May  13.  Queen's 
proclamation  ol 
"  neutrality  "  in 
the  American  con- 
flict. 


Nov.  8.  Excitement 
about  seizure  of 
Mason  and  Slidell 
in  British  steamer 
Trent. 

Dec.  23.  Death  of 
Prince  Albebt, 


1S62 

April  7.  Treaty  witli 

U.  S.  to  suppresa 

slave  trade. 

May  1.  Internation- 
al Exhibition 
opened  at  Lon- 
don. 


I  862  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


June  10.  "  Xoutrality  "  in 
American  conllict  pro- 
claimed by  the  Kmperor. 


18C1.  Gada  surrenders  to 
Victor  Emaimers  troojjs, 
Feb.  13 — Xlie  Kinfj;  ot'><a- 
plos  escapes  on  board  a 
I'rencli  frigate. 

End  of  Boukbon  Rule 
in  Italy. 

Tlie  Italian  Parliament 
declares  Victor  Emaxdkl 
KING  OF  ITALY,  Feb. 
ISfSl. 

"  Italy  "  recognized  by  Eng' 
land,  March  31,  and  by 
France,  June  24 


Oct.   31.     Convention    witli  Oct.  IS.  William  I.  crowned 
Eng-land  and  Spain  for  in-      King  of  Prussia 
tervention  in  Jlo.'ilco. 


Jan.  7.  French  army  land? 
at  Vera  Cruz. 


March  28.  French  victoricH 
in  Cociiin  '  lniii- six  pro- 
vincr'u  (iili.  1  to   ;'rance. 


(\l)ril  in.  Wiir  ajrainst  Mexi' 
c*}  declared. 


Feb.   13.   Military  revolt  in 
Ureece. 


World,  elsewheBB. 


Oct.  2  .  Canton  restored  t« 
the  Chinese  by  the  French 
and  English. 


1/6 


THE    WORLD  S    TROGRESS. 


1862  A.U. 


A.D.'PP.OGRrSS  OF  SOCIETY, 
I 


L'siTED  States. 


Bkitish  Eupike. 


liG'2\Dcat7is  in  18G2  :  Bvodic 
(surgeon),  31.  %'an 
Bureii,   T.  llartwell 

!  Home,  Sam.  Hous- 
ton, T.  J.  Jiu'kson, 

I  A.  bid.  Johnson, 
Phil.  Kearnej',  Du- 
chess of  Kent,  J. 
Sher.  Knowles,  Sir 
James  Itoss,  Josepli 
Wo  ill: 


I  September  —  Internal 
I  Revenue  Tax-  en 
I     forced  in  the  U.  S. 


Jan.  2.  AnoLTTiON  or 
Slavery  in  tiie  U. 
S.,  by  procbun.ition 
of  the  Commander- 
in-Chief. 

Feb.  i).  Tlie  Geo.  Grh- 
wo/f/.TTilh  food  s'iven 
by  Xew  Yorkei'S  for 
Ijancashiro  oi)era- 
'"i'^'es,  arrives  at  Li- 
verpool. 

i\Iar.  4.  Kaf.  ArarJ-nny 
of  Arlf.  a)i(l  Scieiires 
founded  by  (?on^ress 

June— (r  rant  and 
Speke  arrive  in  lOnu'- 
land  from  Source  of 
Vie  Xile. 

Jv.'y  io-K;.  Irish  anti- 
i.egro  and  aiilf-iln'f; 
riots   at  Xew  York. 

D-athsin  lSfi3  :  R.mi- 
dreth,  !Mar.  I.ans- 
downo,  Mnlrcadv. 
Mrs.TroUopn,  Arch- 
bishop Wliatelcy. 

Sept. — Eussiau  squad- 
ron entertained  at 
New  York. 

Dec.  H.  Thackeray 
dies. 


.^'■ly  27.  Hanover  C.  11.,  Va.,  taken. 
.\i'y;51.  Fair  Oaks  battle — indecisive.      Co- 

rintli  taken. 
•Tune  (i.  !JIemphis  taken. 
June  27.  i'ope  takes  command  of  U.S.  forces 

in  N.  Virginia. 
June  2i)-3{).  iloClellan's  skirmishes  on  Pen^ 

insvJa. 
jMie  2ii-July  1.  Seven  days'  battles  on  the 

Jhickahominv. 
July— Tarilf     duties    raised— 300,000    more 

volunteers  called  tor. 
r  i\y  17.  Emancipation  and  Confiscation  Act 

cigned  by  the  I'resident. 
July  2().  Halleck    Commander-in-Chief. 

U.  S.  debt  f  1,222,000,000. 
Aug-.  9.  Banks  defeated  at  Ced-.r  Mountain 
Aug.  1().  McClellan  retreats  frcm.  Harrison' 

Lan<ling'. 
Aug.  30.  Second  defeat  at  Bu"  l{nn. 
Sejit.  5.  ^IcClellan     agai:      C.  mmander-in' 

Chiet. 
Sept.  17.  Antictam  victory, 
Sept.  IS.  Harper's  Ferry  lost. 
Sept.  22.  Lincoln's  Emancipation  Proclama- 
tion issued. 
Sept.  2.1.  Habeas  Corpus  suspended. 
Oct. — Premium  on  gold,  29. 
Oct.— Piracies  ot  the  Alabama. 
Nov.  4.  Democratic   victory  in  New   York 

elections. 
Nov.  7.  Burnside  supcr.sedes  McClellan. 
Deo.  10-13.  D(^feat  at  Fredericksburg]i. 
1863. 
Jan.  1.  ^lurfreesboro'    victory     (Rosecrantz 

over  Bragg;. 
Jan.  2.  Proclamation    of   Emancipation  iS' 

sued. 
Jan.  20.  Hooker  supersedes  Burnside. 
Ajn-il  7.  Monitors  repulsed  at  Cliarlcston — 

the  Keokuk  lost. 
May  2-4.  Chancellorsville     defeat— Jackson 

killed. 
May  LS.  Vicksburgh  invested  by  Grant. 
June  14.  ^Maryland  and    Pennsylvania    in- 
vaded by  TjOO. 
.rune  27.  Meade  supersedes  Hooker. 
July  1-3.  (jETrvsj'.rBOH  victory. 

Julv  4.    ViCKSBUUUH  OCCU])lcd. 

Ju!v  8.  Port  Hudson  taken. 

July  13-16.  Ptiots  at  New  York. 

Aug.  7.  Sioux  war  ended  by  (ien.  Pope. 

Aug.  20.  {^hickaniauga  defeat. 

Aug.  21.  Fort  Sumter  bombarded. 

Oct.  19.  Grant,  Thomas  and  Sheem.an  su- 
persede Rosecrantz  in  Tennessee. 

Oct.  17.  President  calls  for  300,000  more 
volunteers. 

Nov.  23.  C'hattanooga  victory  by  Sherman 
and  Thomas. 

1804. 

Fob.  1.  Draft  for  500  000  men  ordered. 

Feb.  20.  Olustee  (Fla.)  defeat. 

Feb.  27-Marcli  1.  JCilpatrick  and  Dalghren's 
riijd  on  Richmond. 


Mar.  10.  Marriage  ol 
Prince  of  Wales 
to  Alexandra  of 
Denmark. 


Oct.  31.  Steam  ramt 
built  by  Laird  foi 
U.  S.  Rebels  seized 
by  Government. 

Oct. — British  Con- 
suls dismissed 
from  Re'\)el  Statei 
of  U.  S. 


1864  A. D.  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


177 


France. 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


World,  elsewhere. 


18C2 


Jrnie  7.    (Jreece :    Insurrec- 
tion spreads. 


Oct.  1.5.  Droin-n   do  L'huys, 
i    Foreign  Minister. 
.Oct.  30.  Mediation  proposed 
I     in  Amer.  confiict  declined 
by  Russia  and  (it.  Britain. 


Jan.  9.  Modiiition  of  France  ,jan.  18.    Egypt :   I  s  m  a  i  L 


Aug-.  10.  Garibaldi  in  Sicily, 
proclaims  a  I^rovijioiial 
Uovernmcnt. 

Aug.  2i).  Ho  is  woun^led  and 
taken  prisoner  by  the 
king's  troops. 

Sept.  30.  Bismarck,  Premier 
of  Prussia. 

Oct.  5.  Garibaldi  and  his  fol- 
lowers re  1  e  asod  under 
general  amnesty,  and  the 
state  of  siege  in  Sicily 
abolished. 


1863 


again  ollered  to  L" .  S 


Viceroy  ; 
Pasha. 


succeeds   Said 


March  30.  Greece  ;  George  I 
of  Schleswig-Holstcin  pro- 
( Jaimod  Kin  g— England) 
agreeing  to  g'ive  up  Ionian, 
Isles  to  Greece. 


;Jnly— Income-Tax  Bill 
]iassed  in  Itulv. 

AuL'.  Hi.  Congress  of  Gor- 
inan  Sovereimis  at  Fraiik- 
loit  ^"OneFedri-al  State" 

I    i>riiposod — Kiissia  dissents. 


N'civ.   15.    Denmark:   Chris- 
j     tian  IX.  succeeds  Freder- 
ick VII. 


isr.t. 

Jan.  21.  AVar  ot  Austrin.  and 
I'nissia  against  Di'ninark 
about  ScliIeswii,'--iIols1cin 
—German  troops  enter 
liolsteiu. 


178 


THE   world's   progress. 


I S64  A.D.- 


Pbogkess  of  Sootety. 


Feb.  -20.  Pcaboay  fund 
— Dwellings  for  Ike 
jinor  ill  London — 
First  block  opened. 

April  3.  Garibaldi's 
visit  to  England.  ^ 

May  IC.  Convention 
lietweon   France 


"IJxiTED  States 


BuiTiwn  Empiei;. 


DfanisinlSCA:  Frank. 
Bacho,Josh'a  Uates, 
W.  J.  Fox,  T.  C. 
Grattan,  Nathaniel 
Hawthorne,      Fihv. 


March  2.  Grant  succeeds  Halleck  as  Com' 

mander-in-(jhief. 
May  5-G.  Battle  of  the  Wilderness. 
May  11-12.  Battle  of  Bpottsyivania. 
June  15.  Grant  befnr    l'et<:»"    rgh. 
June  19.  Kean-'iye  sinks  the  Alabama. 
July  1-13.  Maryland    again    invaded    by  a 
...^..v„..   *»„.^-.^,      Robel  raid. 
Brazil,  Italy,  Portu-  Jiily  20-28.  Sherman's  victories  at  Atlanta, 
tral,  and  Spam,   fori     Ga. 

ie/e^ca/f/tto  Americ.i   Jidy  30.  Chamborsburgh,  Pa.,  burnt  by  Re- 
June — Oct.—  Cattl  ->     bels. 
pUiQue  in  England.    J-ilySO.  Grant's  mine  at  PeteiHturgb,  Va., 
I     exploded. 

,jaly  SO.  Secretary  Chase  rosij^s — Fessenden 
Aug. — Abd-el-Kadcr'tj     Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 
visit  to  England.       _.'  'ig.  8.  Farragut's \'ictory  in  M.^bilc  Bay. 
'  epu  -McClellan  nominated  lor  President. 

by  Democratic  Convention  at  Chicago. 
F  i^t.  2.  AtlPiUa  captured  by  Sherman. 
b-\\.  19.  Sheridan's  victTy  at  "Winchester. 
Oct.  19.  Cedar  Creek  defeat  made  a  victory 
by  Sheridan. 

0  't.  21.  Rebel  raid  at  St.  Albans,  Vt. 
Hitchcock,  Leonard! N  t.  8.  Lincoln    re-elected    President — Mc- 
llorner,  Arclibishopj     Clellaa  resigns  his  command  in  army. 
Hughes,     Ja'-:niin  yov.  30.  Thomas   repulses    Hood  at  ^I'asli- 
(,poet),C.M.Kirkland,i     viUe. 

\S'.  Savage  Lane..')    D#e.  '.5-lG.  And  again  totally  defeats  him 
John   Leech,    J.   R-,     th,-.'o. 

Maceulloch,  Meyer- Dck;.  13.  Fort  McAlUster  stormed,  and 
beer,       AV.      CuitisI Dec.  21.  Savannah  occupied  by  Sherman.      \ 
Xoyes,  Pellisier,  Jo-IDcc.  24-5.  Butler    and    i'orter  repuked    at 
siah   Uuincy,    Edw.      Wiiiningtou.  ' 

Robinson,       H.     R.|l80o.  | 

Schoolcraft,     R.    B.iFeb.  1.  Congress  abolishes    slavery   \y  ':£. 
Taney,  J.  G.  Totten.j     amendment  to  the  Constitution. 

1  Fob.  3.  LiTicoln  and  Seward's  interview  with 
Rebels  at  Fort  Monroe. 

Feb.  lb.  Lee  takes  command  Rebel  armies, 
and  ui-g- 1  arming  of  negroes. 

Feb.  22.  Wilmington  captured  bv  Rchofield. 

Feb.  22.  Charlesto?.-  ^  \-acviatcd  bv  Rebels. 

Ajiril  1.  New  and  his^ii.r  tarill  comes  in 
force. 

April  2.  Richmond  and  Petersburgh  occupied 
by  U.  S.  forces,  after  three  days'  fighting. 

iVpril  G.  Grant's  victory  at  Farmville. 


April  2-1.  Eniopean 
conference  at  Lon- 
don on  Schleswig- 
Uolstein  question. 

July  10.  Palmerston 
sustained  in  th? 
general  elec<"i-  \\. 


Aug.  15.   English 

tleet  visits    Cher- 
bourg. 
Aug.  30.  French  fleet 
■visits  Portsmouth. 

Oct.    IS.     Death    cf 
Lord  Palmerston. 


Slavery    Abolisiieu 
in  the  U.  States. 


jFeb.  22.    Rebel    Con- 
j     gross  decrees  tie 
I     ;Lr:mT\g  of  slaves. 
April  2.  i)eatli  of  Rich- 
ard Cobden. 


1865 


■  D^rilhs  in  1SG5  :  Bishop 

Brownell,  Adm.  I)u- 

i     poTit,     Val.      Mott, 


Vpril  9.  Surrender  of  Lee  with  his  -ft-hole 
army. 

April  12.  Mobile  taken. 

Aprd  14.  Fort  Sumter  occupied. 

April  14.    Assassination  of   President  Lin- 
coln and  attack  on  Seward. 

April  15.    Andrew  Jounson    sworn    in  as 
I'rcsidont. 

April  IS.  Sherman's  convention  with  John- 
ston. 

April  25.  Johnston's  surrender. 
YAv;.  Everett,  Mrs.JAiiril  2G.  Booth,  the  a.-^s.issin,  shot. 
Gaskell,    Sir  W.   J-  May  4.  Gen.  Dick  Taylor  surrenders 


Hooker,  Kiss 
(sculpt.),  Leopold  I., 
Ah.  Lincoln,  Dr. 
Lindley. 


:XIay  10.  Jelf.  Davis  captured. 

May  2G.  Kirby  Smith  surrenders  in  Texas. 


END  OF  THE  REBELLION. 


March— Fenian  oiit^ 
breaks  in  Ireland. 


May  C.  Reform 
l^eague  meeting 
in  Hyde  Park  in 
defiance  of  Go- 
vernment. 


1 865  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


1/9 


Fkaxce. 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


18ti4, 

March  10.   Louis  II.,   King 

of  Bavaria. 
April  18.  Uuppel  taken  by 

Prussians. 


May  22.  Death  of  Marshal 

Pellisier.  jjune  1.   Ionian  Isles   made. 

May  20.  Convention  between      over  to  Greece. 

France  and  Japan  signed.  I  July  8.  I'russians  take    Al 
sea. 


World,  elsewhere. 


Sept.15.  Franco-Italian  Con- 
vention si^nied  —  French 
troops  to  quit  Rome  in 
two  years. 

Florence  made  the  capital 
of  Italy— Kiots  at  Turin 
in  consequence,  Sept.  21- 
22. 

Oct.  30.  Peace  between  Den 
mark  and  the  Allies,  to 
whom  Sclileswia-  and  IIol- 
stem  are  surrendered, 
Prussia  retaining  posses 
sion  of  them. 


July  18.  China :  Nankin  taken 
("  a  heap  of  ruins  "]  by  Gor- 
don tor  the  Imjierialists. 


Finn  i»r  in  Bengal  and  Madras. 


IH(;5. 

May    7.  iratill:    Milii^irj-   to 
burrcctiou  against  Oeltrwxi 


I  So 


THE    WORLD'S    TROGRESS. 


1865  A.D.- 


a.d.JPeoorkss  of  Society 


1860 


L'xiTED  States. 


AuET. — Treaty  of  Com- 
merce between  Italy 
and  Japan. 

Sept. — Several  South- 
ern States  pass  ordi- 
nances annulling  Se- 
cession, abolishing 
slavery,  &c. 

liiueler-pest  or  cattle- 
])lague  in  Eni^-land, 
July,  I860,  to  Feb., 
1S6G. 

Cholera  prevails  in 
France,  Spain,  and 
Naples. 

Jan.  27.  Death  of  Gib- 
son, Eng.  sculptor. 

July    28.       Atlantic 

TeLEGKAPH  SUCCOSb- 

fully  completed  ; 
cable  landed  at  New- 
foundland and  ro- 
portsl'i'.ACE  between 
Prussia  andAustria. 
Deaths  in  ISGiJ :  Mar- 
quis D  'A  z  e  sj  1  i  o  , 
Jared  Sparks,  AVin. 
Whewell. 


1867 


I8r,7. 

April  1.  Oponin,3  of 
the  (-ireat  Exposition 
of  Industry  of  all 
nations  at  Paris. 


July  1.  Awards  of  the 
juries  in  the  Great 
Exposition. 


July — IROntli  iinniver 
sary  of  St.  Peter's 
martyrdom  cele 
brated  at  Kome. 


May  22.  Proclamation  opening  Southern 
ports  and  exceptional  amnesty. 

June  1.  National  Fast. 

June  29.  Trial  of  assassins  ended. 

July  7.  They  are  hung. 

July  29.  Prisoners  of  war  released  on  oath  of 
allegiance. 

July  31.  U.  S.  debt  $2,757,253,000. 

August— Kebel  privateer  Shenandoah  de- 
stroyed about  thirty  vessels. 

Nov.  2.  National  thanksgiving. 

Nov.  9.  Shenandoah  at  Liverpool — crew  re- 
leased. 

Nov.  1(1.  Wirz  executed  for  cruelty  to  U.  S. 
prisoners. 

lS(i6. 

May  3.   Colorado  bill  vetoed. 

May  29.  Death  of  Winfleld  Scott. 

June — Resignation  of  Speed,  Att.  Gen. ; 
Dennison,  P.  M.  Gen. ;  and  Harlan,  Sec. 
Int. 

July  28.  Congress  adjourns,  having  passed 
Freedmen's  Bureau  (continuation)  bill ; 
Civil  Eights  bill ;  Pacific  Railway  (supp.) 
bill ;  Army  bill,  and  other  important 
measures. 

July — Grant  appointed  General-in-Chief ; 
Sherman,  Lieut. -General ;  Farragut,  Ad- 
miral ;  Porter,  Vice-Admiral. 

Aug.  14.  "National  Union  Convention"  at 
Philadelphia. 

Sept.  3.  Southern  Loyalist  Convention  at 
Pliiladelphia. 

Sept.  0.  Corner  stone  of  Douglas  Monument 
laid  at  Cliicago  by  President  Johnson. 

Oct.  6.  Elections  in  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  In- 
diana, anil  Iowa  result  in  increased  Re- 
l')ublican  majorities. 

Nov. — Republicans  also  vi'itorious  in  Mass., 
N.  II.,  N.  Y.,  N.  J.,  Mich.,  Minn.,  Nevada, 
and  JIo.  In  Delaw.  and  Md.  the  Demo- 
crats are  successful. 

Dec.  13.  SuUi-ago  given  to  colored  men  in 
List.  Columbia,  by  act  of  Congress. 

18G7. 

Feb.  9.  Nebraska  admitted  into  the  Union 
as  a  State. 

March  2.  "  Tenure  of  Office  "  bill  passed. 

Marcli  2.  Military  governmeni  for  the  Sonth — 
bill  ijassed  over  the  President's  veto  by  135 
to  48  in  the  House,  and  38  to  10  in  the 
Senate. 

JIarch  4.  iOth  Congress  meets. 

March  23.  Supplementary  Bill  on  Military 
Government  of  the  South,  passed  over 
President's  veto— Senate,  40  to  7  ;  House, 
114  to  25. 

Southern  States  divided  into  five  military 
districts,  under 

Gen.  Schotield,  at  Richmond;  Sickles,  at 
Columbia,  <&c. ;  Pope,  at  Montgomery ; 
(h-d,  at  Vicksburgli  ;  Sheridan,  at  New 
Orleans. 

April  10.  Treaty  for  purchase  of  Russian 
America  approved  by  the  Senate. 


Gre.vt  Brit.«n. 


British  and  French 
Goxernments  re- 
scind their  recog- 
nition of  American 
"  Confederates." 

October  18.  Death  of 
Lord  Palmerston. 

Oct. — Movements  of 
Fenians  at  New 
York,  Phila.,  &c. 

October  7.  Riots  in 
Jamaica  ;  Gordon, 
a  Baptist  minis- 
ter, hanged  by 
Governor  Eyre  aa 
a  rioter. 

November  27.  Trial 
of  Fenians  at  Dub- 
hn. 

180C. 

Jan.  6.  Gov.  Eyre 
in  Jamaica  super- 
seded by  Storks  ; 
hot  discussions  in 
England  as  to  his 
conduct  in  ihe 
riot. 


1867. 

May  9.    Conference 

at  London  on  the 
question  of  Lux- 
EMBUKG.  Treaty 
signed  making  the 
I)  u  c  h  y  neutral 
territory— forti-ess 
to  be  razed, 


July — The  Viceroy 
oi'  ]'>vpt  and  the 
Sultan  of  Turkej 
visit  London. 


1867  A. D.  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


181 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


Sept.  7.    Death  of  Lamori- 
ciere. 


1866. 

Jan.   15.     Death  of  D'Azeglio,   the 

patriot. 
Juno  18.  Prussia  and  Italy  declare 

W^ui  against  AL'siXllIA. 
June  24.   Italians   defeated  at  Cus- 

tozza. 
June  27-29.   Austrians  defeated  by 

Prussians  m  three  battles  won  by 

iitcdli'  guns. 
July  3.  Great  Battle  of  SADOWA  : 

250,000    on  e<ich   side.     Prussian^3 

victorious ;   Austrians  lose   44,000 

K,  and  W.,  and  100  guns. 
Austria  cedes  Venetia  to  France. 
July  U.  Prussians  defeat  Bavarians 

at  Kisseug'en. 
j  July   14.    Prussians   occupy  Frank- 

I  fort. 

July  IS.    Italian  iloet  defeated  otl 

Lizza. 
July  20.  Preliminary  treaty  of  peace. 

Prussia  retjuires  Hanover,  Hesse, 

Xassau  and  Frankfort. 
October  'A.  Treaty  of  Peace  between 

Austria    and      Italy,     signed     at 

Vienna. 
Nov.  5.    Venetia   proclaimed  to   be 

part  of  Kingdom  of  Italy. 
Nov.  7.  K.  \"ietor  Fmaiiuers  public 
I     entry  into  Venice. 

January— Railway  between  I'eb.    i3.      Hungarian     Con  titutioii 

JJouloL'^ne        and        Calaisi     restored  by  Au.-.triaii  l'',nipcror. 

ojMjned.  ViA).    24.       llr^t    parli.'unciii    ui    lli(_- 

Jan.    V.I.     i^iriperor     de'creesj     (icrmaii   ('oiifedcration  i-pciicd    by 

U'reatcr  \'r'■l■l['>^\\  of  discus-i     K.  of   I'rus.sia. 

sioi]  in  I.. gisiiiture  and  tlie  War  in  Crete  contiiuicd  with  various 

l'ri'>s.  I     fortunes. 

April  4.     New  ministry  in  Italy. 
.\pvil    1.      'ir.-at    I'.xiiosition 

iipi'ni-d     liv    till'    lim|iiT<ir.l 

\V:ilrsw.-,ki  iv>JLriisa>  Pres.| 

(,t    (:orp.-:  /.■,,..<.  ' 
M:iy.    is.       laiiiiernr      signs; 

l.uX'Tiilnir-'  ti-i'aly.  ' 

Juni:  <;.   Af'  iii;'i  on  lif.' (if  tlic  Czar,  wldlo  riding  with  (lie  Yah- 


"VVoRLD,  elsewhere. 


\" 


,r  i;rvp- 


King  of  l'i-n~sia,  Pnnr,.  (dAVal. 
,  tlie  iJr^Mt  iixiio-itii 'U   iu   I'arrs  i 


Sept.  18.  Brazil :  Um- 

guayano  surrenders 

to  the  allies. 
Sept. — Greeks  in  Crete 

rise  in  revolt  against 

t.lie  Tuiks. 
Oct.  7.  Jamaica  riots. 


1S67 

Feb.  5,  Tvlexico  :  The 
City  of  Mexico 
evacuated  by  the 
I-'rcncli  troops. 

.M.ir.  ir.  Valparaiso 
bombarded  by  Span- 
ish lleet. 

May  15.  Mexico. 
.Maximilian  and  Ids 
geiK'i'als  caiitured  at 
CJmictaro. 

l-'iivjit  derlar.'d  l.iv  (he 
SiiUan  to  be  a  s,.- 
]iarale  sovi-reiirnt  y 
atb.'r  JuTii.'   11,    ISO?. 

.July  1,  I'.xcrution  v.i 
.^I  a  X  i  in  1 1  i  a  n    iu 

.MrXlro. 

.Iidv  1.  Cuba:  Decree 
of  tho  (iueeii  of 
Spaui  freoing  all 
ehildrni  of  slave 
pin  ids  born  aft«» 
this  (!..'.-. 


l82 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1867  A.U.- 


A.D.  Pkogress  or  Society. 


1^071807 
July 


England  visited 
by  the  Sultan ;  first 
time  in  history. 

Reforrii  In  England. 

Deaths  in  1S67:  Vic- 
tor Cousin,  Charle; 
Anthon. 


186S  1S6S 

Jan.  15.  Education  con 
ference  opens  at  ilan- 
chestcr,  Enu'land. 

F«b.  (i.  A  horse-Uesh 
dinner  at  the  Lang- 
ham  hotel,  London. 

June  25.  Luther  mon- 
ument in.iugurated 
at  Worms. 

Sei)t.  9.  Brunei's  In- 
ternational Congress 
of  Workmen  resolve 
that  arbitration  is 
better  than  strikes. 

Oct.  5.  Papal  emirsa- 
ries  and  Greek  Pa- 
triarch of  Constan- 
tinople disagree  as  to 
general  council. 

Deaths,  ISCS :  Ex-pres. 
Buchanan  ;    T  h  a  d . 
Stevens;   ex-sec"y 
Bates. 
1869  1869 

Jan.  24.  First  Protes- 
tant meeting  for  jittb- 
lic  worship  in  Madrid 

Apr.  3.  Bibles  in  for 
eign  languages  ad 
m'.tted  into  Spain. 

.^lay  10.  Railway  con 
nention  completed  in 
17.  S.  between  Atlan- 
tic and  Pacific. 

July  I'l.  French  At 
1  a  n  t  i  c  telegraphic 
cable  completed. 

Deaths,  1869:  W.  P. 
Fessenden ;  Admiral 
Stewart  (•'  Old  Iron- 
side ") ;  G-.  Peabody  ; 
Ex  pres.  Pierce; 
Gen.  Wool ;  Ex-sec'y 
Stanton. 


U>;iTED  States. 


1867 

May  13.  Jef£.  Da\-is  released  on  bail. 

July-1.  Congress  meets  in  extra  special  ses- 
sion, and  enacts,  over  President's  veto,  a 
bill  to  confirm  and  htrengthen  the  Military 
Government,  passed  in  ilarch. 

Aug.  10.  Jury  on  trial  of  Surratt  (assassina- 
tion of  Lincoln)  disagrees.  StuTatt  dis- 
charged, Nov.  6,  1868. 

Aug.  12.  Sec"y  of  War  Stanton  removed, 
after  refusing  to  resign.  Replaced  by  Sen- 
ate, Jan.  14-15,  1868. 

Sept.  9.  Pres.  Johnson  proclaims  general 
amnesty. 

Sept.  17.     Antietam  cemetery  dedicated. 

Dec.  Treaty  for  purchase  of  Danish  islands, 
St.  Thomas  and  St.  John,  for  $7,500,0U0, 
signed. 


1863 

Jan.  21.  Senate  transfers  jurisdiction  over 
the  Southern  States  from  Johnson  to  Gen. 
Grant. 

Feb.  24.  House  votes  to  impeach  Pres.  John- 
son. 

March  6.     Imi)eachment  trial. 

May  21.  Republican  Convention  nominates 
Grant  and  Colfax. 

May  26.  Senate  adjourns,  after  refusing  to 
impeach  Pres.  Johnson. 

Jtine  5.  Chinese  embassy  received  at  Wash- 
ington. 

July  7.  Democratic  Convention  nominates 
Seymour  and  Blair. 

July  22.  Wyom.ng  territory  organized. 

Nov.  3.  Grant  and  Colfax  elected. 

Dec.  14.  House  of  Representatives  denounces 
reptidiation  of  national  debt. 


1869 

Jan.  14.  Clarendon  and  Johnson  convention 

on  Alabama  claims  signed. 
Feb.    6.     Nolle    prosequi     ends    prosecution 

against  Jefl:.  Davis. 
Feb.   21.    Fifteenth   amendment  (negro  suf- 
frage) passed, 
Jlarch  3  and  15.  Schenck  bill  passes,  declaring 

that  all  national  obligations  will  be  paid  in 

coin. 
Apr.  J.  L.  Motley  appointed  Minister  at  Lon 

don. 
Apr.    15.    Naturalization   treaty   with    Great 

Britain  ratified. 
June  15.  Peace  Jubilee  at  Boston. 


British  Empirb. 


1867 

July  15.  Passage  of 
Now  Reform 
Bill,  nominally 
D'Israeli's,  really 
Gladstone's  ? 

Sept.  24-27.  Pan- 
Anglican  synod  at 
Lambeth. 


lS(ig 

Jan.  28.  113,674  spe- 
cial constables 
sworn  ui  in  the 
United  Kingdom, 
from  apprehension 
of  Fenians. 

Feb.  25.  Derby  min- 
istry resigns ;  D' Is- 
raeli, premier  20th. 

Sept.  30.  Nearly  21,- 
OUO  extra  deaths 
fi-om  the  hot  sum- 
mer. 

Dec.  2.  D'Israeli  min- 
istry out ;  Glad- 
stone's succeeds, 
9th. 


1869 

July  26.  Irish  Churcli 

iisestablishment 

biU  passed. 


1869  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


18^ 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


ISfiT 

July  1.  The  Emperor  dis- 
tributes medals  of  honor 
at  the  Great  Exposition. 

Oct.  oO.  French  troofiS  enter 
Home. 

Nov.  IS.  Pacific  speech  of 
Emperor  ou  openinji  Cham- 
bers. 

Dec.  5.  Rouhcr  declares  (for 
government)  that  Italj' 
shall  never  seize  upon 
Kome, 


1809 


1S08 

Jan.  1.    Arm}'   bill,   amomits 

to  furnishing  an  army   of 

l,2(iU.l'U0. 
June  1.    Xe'.v  press  law,  less 

strinsieut. 
Aug.  1.  il )ch>:f on' a  Lantenie 

suppressed  ;   lie  escapes  to 

Belgium. 


1867 

July.  Great  excitement  in  Europe 
resiiectiug  the  death  of  MaximiUan 
in  Mexico. 

Russian  America  sold  to  the  United 
States. 

July  1.  Great  assemblage  of  Prelates 
of  II.  C.  Church  at  Koaie. 

Aug.  0.  Violent  outbreak  of  cholera 
at  Albano,  Italy. 

Sept.  8.  International  Peace  Congress 
at  Geneva ;  broke  tip  12th,  from 
furious  quarrelling  of  members. 

Sept.  24,  Garibaldi  arretted  whOe 
preparing  to  inv.-ide  Pajial  States, 
and  sent  to  Cajireia. 

Oct.  13.  Garibaldi  escapes  from  Ca- 
prera  ;  20,  defeats  Pope's  t»oops  at 
Monte  liotondo  ;  2",  King  of  Greece 
marries  Grand  Duchess  Olga ;  3U, 
French  troops  enter  Home. 

N'ov.  4.  Garibaldi  beaten  and  taken 
at  Mentana. 

1863 

ilarch  21.  Defeat  of  papal  part}-  at 
Vienna  on  civil  marriage  bill. 

Sept.  29.  Queen  of  Spain  tiees  into 
France  ;  provisional  government  set 
up. 

Nov.  24.  Croatian  deputies  sit  togeth 
er  with  Hungarian,  met  for  first 
time. 

Dec.  30.  Final  surrender  of  revolu 
tionary  Cretan  government  an- 
nounced at  Constantinople. 


World,  elsewhere. 


18G7 

Oct.    29.      Destructiv 

hurricane  in  W  e  s 

Indies. 
Nov.     1.      Furious  c} 

clone  in  Bengal. 


1809 

June  9.  Violent  election  riots 

at  Paris. 
June   26.     Great    inn-case  of!     Spain 
ipposition  in  Assembly.         JDec.    8. 
July  1:1    .Ministeri.-il    respon-      Home 

-ibility   introduced  by  the 

Emp'Tor. 
Aug.  I.').    Centenary  of  birth 

of    .\:ii)(.li  on  I.  ;  pensions, 

iinim  sly,  etc. 
Sept.    1<I.    Xi'w  consUtution 

promulgated. 


1809 

ilay  20.    Spanish  Cortes  votes  214  to 

71  for  monarchical  guvernment. 
June  16.    Serrano  chosen   regent   of 


Vatican  Council  opened  at 


I808 

Feb.  19.  BraziiiauH 
force  the  pass  of 
Ilumaita  against 
Paraguayan  batte- 
ries. 

Apr.  13.  Capture  of 
Magdala,  Abyssinia, 
by  British  ;  death  uf 
King  Theodore. 

iilay  22.  Hussians  oc- 
cupy Samarcand. 

June  25.  Paraguayans 
evacuate  Uum.iita. 
after  over  2  years' 
siege. 

Nov.  17.  Suez  canj.'. 
formally  opened. 


1 84 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1870  A.I). 


TO  1870 

Ai)r.  2.     Eailway  from 
;     Calcutta  to  Bombay 

opened. 
.Apr.  10.  KeshubChun- 
'     der  yen  conducts  re- 
j     ligious     services    in 
I     London. 

jilaylO.  English  House 
of  Lords  rejects  bill 
permitting  to  marry 
j     deceased   wife's    sis- 
ter, 77  to  73. 
IMay  25.     Organization 
i     of    English  commit- 
j     tee  to  revise  author- 
ized version  of  Bible 
Dec.  25.     Mount  Cenis 

tunnel  completed. 
!  Deaths,    1870:     Admi- 
i     rals     Dahlgren   and 
'     Farragut ;  Gen.  Lee. 


1870 

Jan.   2fi.    Darien  canal  scheme  approved  by 

Congress. 
March.  Mr.  Revels,  first  colored  member  of 

House  (from  Mississippi),   takes  his    scat ; 

16th,  his  first  speech,  for  universal  amnesty 

and  suffrage. 
April.  Fifteenth  amendment  ratified. 
July.  New  tariff  adopted,  to  take  effect  Jan. 

1,  1871. 
July.  Mr.  Motley  recalled. 
Oct.  1.    Internal  taxation  begins  to  be  re- 
duced. 
Nov.  Republican  majority  in  Congress  greatly 

reduced  by  the  fall  elections. 
Dec.   5.    President   Grant's   message    regrets 

failure  of  proposal  to  annex  St.  Domingo. 
Dec.  21.  General  Schenck  Minister  to  London 
Dec.    Census  makes  value  of  TJ.  S.   $31,000,- 

000,000. 


1870 

July   19.    Neutrality 

in  Franco-Prussian 

war  protSaimed. 
Aug. -Nov.    Foot  and 

mouth    disease    in 

cattle. 


1870  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


185 


18T0 


1870 

Jan.  3.  Liberal  ( OUivier)  min- 
istry formed. 

Jan  10.  Victor  Xoir  murdered 
by  Prince  Pierre  Bonaparte. 

Jan.  22.  ilochefurt  fined  and 
imprisoned  for  libel. 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


1870 

Jan.  12.  •  Pope's  decree  condemning 

the  Fenians, 
ilav  17.  Espartero  declines  the  crown 

of  Spain. 
June  25.  Queen  Isabella  of  Spain  abdi- 
cates in  favor  of  her  son  Alionso. 

May  S.    Plebiscite  on  govern- July.  Vatican  Council  votes  the  Pope's 
ment  amendments  to  con-j     infallibility. 
Rtitution,  adopted  by  5  to  1. 1  July  30.    Austrian  government    dis- 

ilay  14.  Iliots  and  barricades!     solves  the  concordat  with  Kome. 
in  Paris.  |Sept.  20.  Italian  troops  occupy  Rome. 

July  2.  Orleans  family  de-|Oct.  2.  Vote  of  people  of  Papal  States 
mand  to  return  to  France  ;  for  annexation  to  Italy,  133,681 
refused  by  Assembly,  173  tol  yeas  to  1.507  nays. 
31.  ,y!ov.    16.    Prince    Amadeo   of    Italy 

July.  Prince  Leopold  declines  j     elected  king  of  Spain  by  the  Cortes 
candidacy  for  Spanish:     accepts,  Dec.  5. 
throne  ;      Prussia    refuses, Nov.    23.    Pope  excommunicates  nil 
guaranties;    17th,    France]     concerned    in    annexing  Rome 
declares  war.  |     Italy. 

July    23.     Empress    regent ;  Dec.    10.     German  empire   voted   at 
Emperor  joins  army ;  2(jch,j     Berlin    by    the   Reichstag;    crown 
first    skirmish    at   Nieder-  i     presented  to  King  Wilhelm  of  Prus 
bronn  ;    SUth,    French    rc-1     sia  at  Versailles,  18th. 
pulsed  at  Saarbriick.  j  Dec.  27.    High  and  damaging  flood  in 

Aug.    2.    French   take   Saar-;     the  Tiber  at  Rome. 

briick  ;     4,     Germans     de-!Dec.  28.  Marshal  Prim  assassinated  at 

feat    French     at    \Vissem-|     Madrid. 

bourg    and    Geisberg ;     (j,  Dec.  31.    King  Victor   Emmanuel  ar- 

severe  defeat  of  French  at      rives  at  Rome. 

Woerth  ;  7,    state  of  siege, 

at    Paris;   8,    French    de-  

feated     at      F  o  r  b  a  c  h  : ' 

Bazaine  in  command  at  Metz  ;  10,  new  war  ministry  ;  decree  for 
great  increase  of  army ;  Strasburg  invested  by  Germans  ;  12, 
Germans  pass  the  Vosges  ;  14,  Germansgain  battle  of  Courcelles  ; 
18.  of  Vioiiville  ;  18,  of  Gravelotte  and  Rezonville  ;  Trochu  gov- 
ernor of  Paris  ;  22,  Bazaine  isolated  at  Metz ;  25,  Germans  oc- 
cupy Chalons ;  30,  several  engagements  lost  by  j)arts  of  Mac- 
-Mahon's  aiiuy  retreating  north  ;  31,  they  retreat  to  Sedan  ;  Aug. 
31  and  Sept.  1,  Bazaine  repulsed  and  driven  into  Metz. 

Se))t.  1-2.  Battle  of  Sedan;  surrender  of  MacMahon's  army  and 
Kai)ijle(m  III.;  Sept. -1,  revolution  at  Paris;  republic  declared, 
mid  government  ot  defence,  Trochu  president ;  Empress  and  min- 
isters flee  to  li(,-lgium  ;  5.  Germans  occupy  Ilheims.  and  7.  St. 
Dizier;  '.),  Germans  advancing  on  Paris;  15,  siege  of  Paris 
formed  ;  Kept.  17,  important  circular  of  Favre,  confessing  that 
1- ranee  is  in  the  wrong,  and  asking  that  tlie  war  stop;  l(i,  Bis- 
marck's cinnlar  asserting  necessity  of  material  guaranties  from 
France;  lit.  I'aiis  completely  inv(fsted  ;  21,  Versailles  surrenders  ; 
Favre  reports  failure  to  agree  with  Bismarck  ;  23,  Durnouf  gets 
out  of  I'aris  with  mails  by  l)al!oon;  leree  en  mnnse  in  French  de- 
parlinenis  ordered;  28,  Strasburg  capitulates;  red  republican 
rising  put  down  at  Lyons.  | 

Oct.  7.  (iambelta  <;^capcs  from  Paris  by  balloon;  9,  organizes  a; 
g'jvernnii-nt  at'l'our^;  7,  great  sortie  from  .Metz  rei)nlscd  ;  10, 
11,  red  n-publican  uUcmpt  to  establish  the  comiiuine  at  Paris  de-j 
feaud  ;  11,  (iirinan^  take  Orleans;  1(1,  take  Snissons ;  21,  I'rench 
Korii('  from  Ab  ■id,  Valerien  (I'aris)  repulsed;  27,  Metz  and  army 
surrendered  liy  I'azaitu^;  21),  (Jernians  take  Dijon;  ."1,  riots  in' 
Paris;  ciniriiune  established  for  a  moment,  but  dislodged.  j 

Nov.  4.  Germans  have  taken  11  towns,  .■i,(i53  guns.  1.55  mifrail-1 
lenses,  nearlv  .5011,1  00  chas,<cpots,  90  <:agle.s.  about  $20,000,000  in 
in'iney;  liostiiities  ei  Jilt  i  n  lie  111  Various  parts  of  France  ;  21,  Giir- 
mans  take  ■rhionville  :  27,  take  La  Fere;  2.%  (X'ciipy  Amiens; 
30,  great  .sortie  of  12U,<I00  men  from  Paris;  tliey  retreat,  Deo.  SJ. 


WOBLD,  elsewhere. 


1870 

Jan.  15.  Salnave  shot 
in  Hayti ;  Saget  pres- 
ident. 

March  1.  Defeat  and 
death  of  the  Para- 
guayan leader  Lopez. 

May  25.  Fenian  raid 
Into  Canada  repulsed 
by  volunteers. 

June  21.  Mob  at  Tien- 
tsin in  China;  French 
consul  and  residents 
mtirdered. 


1 86 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1870  A.D.- 


A.D.  Pbogbeks  of  Society. 


1S7U  1870 


United  States. 


1871 


1870 


1871 

Sspt.  23.  Old  Catholic 
meeting  at  Bonn,  a- 
gainst  new  dogma  of 
infallibility. 

Dec.  2S.  Gradual  .slave- 
emancipation  law 
passed  in  Brazil. 

Deaths,  1871 :  G.  Tick- 
ner ;  Alice  andPhcebe 
Gary ;  Gen.  II.  An 
derson ;  E,.  Cham- 
bers ;  Scharayl,  the 
Circassian  chief 
Omer  Pasha ;  Thal- 
berg  ;  Herschel  ;  Au- 
ber ;  G.  Grote ;  Prin- 
cess Belgiojoso ;  Paul 
de  Kock ;  II.  Bent- 
ley  ;  G.  Babbage ;  Sir 
R.  ilurchi.'-on ;  Mar 
ehal  Bcnedck ;  G. 
Hudson  ("railway 
king  "). 


1871 

Jan.  12.  Greot  meeting  in  New  York  for  Ital 
ian  unity. 

Apr.  6.  Report  of  commissioners  to  St.  Dom- 
ingo, in  Senato. 

May  20.  Treaty  for  Alabama  claims  commis- 
sion, etc.,  ratified. 

June  4.  U.  S.  army  on  peace  footing  of 
35,281  men. 

June  10.  Statue  of  S.  F.  B.  Morse  unveiled  in 
N.  Y. 

June  29.  Polaris  expedition  -sails  for  North 
Pole. 

July  12.  Riot  in  New  York.  Romanists  against 
Orangemen  :  02  killed,  117  wounded. 

July  16.  First  exposure  of  Tajnmany  Ring  in 
N.  Y.  Times. 

Oct.  Great  fires  in  ilinn.,  Wise,  and  Mich, 
forests. 

Oct.  8-9.  Great  fire  at  Chicago  ;  18,000  build- 
ings destroyed ;  $200,000,000  lost. 

Nov.  Russian  Minister  Catacazy  dismissed 
for  discourtesy  to  U.  S.  authorities. 


British  Empibe. 


1870 


1871 

Apr.  3.  8th  census 
taken. 

July  20.  Purchase  of 
army  commissions 
stopped  by  royal 
warrant. 

Sept.  30.  South  Ken- 
sington Exhibition 
clo.sed  (open  sinc« 
May  1). 


1 8;  I  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


187 


EuBOPE,  elsewhere. 


1870  leTO  1S70 

I  Dec.  Obstinate  fipjhtin','  by  the  army  of  the  Loire  ;  other  hostilities ; 
Germans  mainly   successful ;  11,  Gambetta's  government  moves 

I     to  Bordeaux. 
1S71  1S71  |1871 

Jan.   1-10.   Bombardment  of  Jan.  S.  King  Arnadoo  arrives  at  Ma- 


Paris  ;  hostilities  in  other 
parts  of  France  cuntinu 
ing  ;  mostly  German  sue 
cesses ;  19,  great  sortie  of 
100,000  men  from  Paris 
repulsed ;  23,  Trochu  re 
signs  ;  24,  Vinoy  governor 
of  Paris ;  28,  Paris  capit 
ulates ;  ^'0,  iJourbalii's 
army  of  80,000  driven  into 
Switzerland  and  "in 
terned  ;  "  treaty  of  peace. 
cediuLT  Alsace  and  part  of 
Lorraine,  and  to  paj-  Gc€r- 
many  $1,000,000,000;  pre- 
liminaries signed  Feb.  26, 

Feb.  18.  Thiers  becomes  exe- 
cutive. 

March  1—3.  German  troops 
enter  Paris,  and  remain  4S 
hours.  Treaty  concluded 
May  10,  ratified  by  French 
Assembly,  May  IS. 

Maich  18.  Insurrection  at 
Pari.s,  and  commune  estab- 
lislied  there ;  20,  regular 
g(jvernment  at  Versailles ; 
28,  government  of  the  com- 
mune i)rocIaimed  at  Paris. 

April  2.  Military  operations 
begin  between  government 
and  commune ;  4,  com- 
munist insurrection  sup- 
pressed at  Marseilles. 

May  14.  House  of  M.  Thiers 
destroyed  by  commune; 
10,  column  Vendome  pulled 
down;  21,  government 
trooiis  <'ni('r  Paris  and  oc- 
ciijiv  jiart  :  2:i-v!l,  Tuileries, 
Hoii-1  di-  Vil!c.  (-tc,  burned 
by  (vmimunists ;  28,  fight- 
ing ends  and  communists 
supjjrcssiMl  :  alinut  one- 
f.jiii-th  <jf  Paris  iHirn.-d, 
ami  !"ss  of  property 
Ihroimli  coniinune,  .JlOO,- 
0011,(11)1)  ;  21),  decree  disarm- 
ing Paris. 

Sept.  1.  Tliii-rs  made  Presi- 
dent f.ir  ;j  years;  20,  Ger- 
mans evacuating  foils 
around  Paris. 

Nov.  28.  (,'oiniminist  leaders 
shot. 

Dec.  Said  to  be  sixteen  poli- 
tical i)nrties  :  V.l.  Ducil'Au- 
male  ami  Prince  dejuinville 
take  seals  ie.  the  As.^embly. 


drid. 

Feb.  8.  Complete  amnesty  for  politi- 
cal offences  in  Austria. 

June  16.  25th  anniversary  of  pope- 
dom of  Pius  IX.  celebrated  at  Rome. 

Nov.  18.  Uniform  coinage  law  en- 
acted in  Germany. 


WOELD,  elsewhere. 


1870 


1871 

June  11.  XT.  S.  and 
French  storm  Corean 
strongholds  and  pun- 
ish Coreans  for  in- 
sults. 

Oct.  1.  Military  revolt 
in  city  of  Mexico ; 
suppressed  with 
much  bloodshed. 


i88 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1872  A.D.- 


A.D. 

PEOaBESS  OF  SOOIEXT. 

United  States. 

British  Empibi. 

ISW 

1872 

1872 

1872 

Aug.  6.  Spain  prepares 

Jan.  16.  General  amnesty  bill  passed. 

Feb.  29.    Arthur  O'- 

to  free  slaves  in  June  17.  Boston  peace  jubilee  opens. 

Connor  presents  ac 

Porto  Rico  and  j  July  10.   Denrocrats  and  Liberals  join  to  nom- 

empty  pist:  \  'it  the 

Guba.                                 mate  Greoley  for  president. 

Queen. 

Aug.  22.  International  .Aug.    19.    Judge  Barnard  removed  and  dis- 

March.    AgricuKural 

statistical      congress      qualified,  for  corruption  in  office. 

laborers'   strike   in 

at  St.  Petersburg.        Sept.    Geneva   award   (Alabama  claims)  an- 

Warwickshire. 

Sept.  8.  Australia  con-      nounced. 

June.  Strikes  in  va- 

nected by  submarine  Oct.  2-'i.  Island  of  San  Juan  awarded  to  U.  S. 

rious  trades. 

telegraph    with    theiNov.  5.  Grant  re-chosen  president. 

Sept.  14,   Final  Ala- 

Indo-European   tele- 

bama award. 

graph  system. 

Nov.    5.     New    com 

Oct.  It),     llailway   op- 

mercial   treaty 

ened    from   Yokoha- 

signed with  France. 

ma  to  Yeddo,  in  Ja- 

Nov. 24.    Serious  ill- 

pan. 

ness  of   Prince    of 

Deaths,   1872:  J.    Gil- 

Wales  ;    begins   to 

lott;     Due    de    Per- 

recover  Dec.  14. 

signy ;     Abp,     Spal- 

ding ;    John  Poole  ; 

J.  Mazzini ;   Rev.  P. 

D.     Maurice;     Lord 

Dalling;    C.    Lever; 

J.  G.  Bennett;  Rev. 

N.  McLeod;  L.  Feu- 

erbach ;  Charles  XV. 

of  Sweden;  Mrs. 

Parton     ("Fanny 

Fern  ") ;  T.  Gautier ', 

Sir      J.      Bowring ; 

Gen.     Halleck ;     W. 

H.  Seward  ;  H.  Gree- 

ley. 

18731ST3 

1873 

1873 

Jan.  1.    European  cal- 

Jan. Modoc  war  begins. 

Jan.    Strikes  of  col- 

endar introduced  in- 

Feb. Fighting  and  disturbances  in  New  Or- 

liers ;   coal    very 

to  Japan. 

leans. 

scarce. 

May  5.  Treaty  of  Great' March.  Credit  Mobilier -scandal  in  Congress. 
Britain   with   Zanzi-iApr.  11.  Gen.  Canby  and  others  murdered  by 

June-July.    Shah  ot 

Persia  visits  Eng- 

bar to  suppress  slave      Modocs. 

land. 

trade.                            Ijune.  Modocs  surrender. 

Deaths,  1873:  Napole- 

Nov. Excitement  over  execution  by  Spaniards 

on  III.  ;   M.  F.  Mau- 

of Americans  fi-om  steamer  Virginius. 

ry  ;   Rev.    T.    Guth- 

rie ;  C.  Knight ;  Ba- 

ron Liebig ;    W'.   C. 

Macready  ;   Dr.  Liv- 

ingstone ;     A.    Man- 

zoui ;    F.  v(jn    Rau- 

mer  ;  H.  Powers  ;  M. 

Odillon-Barrot;  Duke 

of   Brunswick ;  Mrs. 

Mundt;  Sir  B.  Land- 

seer;    Sir    H.     Hol- 

land ;  U.  Ratazzi ;  S. 

P.  Cliase. 

1874 

1874 

1874 

1S74 

June  22.  Telegraph  op- 

Feb. Women's  whiskey-war ;   women   try  to 

Jan.    23.       Duke    ot 

ened   between  Great 

stop  liquor-selling,  by  praver,  etc.,  in  Ohio 

Edinburgh  marries 

Britain  and  Brazil. 

and  N.  Y. 

Grand     Duchess 
Marie  of  Russia. 

i874  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


189 


A.3. 

Feasce. 

Europe,  elsewhere. 

3«r2 

1872 

1SV2 

April    23.    Law    against  the 

Jan.    Insurrectionary  movements  be- 

■' International "'  sotdcty. 

gin  in  north  of  Spain. 

Sept.     Government  is  estab- 

Apr. 1.    Tercentenary  of  Dutch  inde- 

lished at  Paris. 

pendence  observed. 

Oet.  6.    P  i  1  g  r  i  m  a  g  e  s  of 

May  1.      University  of  Strasbr.rg  re- 

some  20,000   persons  to 

opened  (closed  by  French,  1792). 

Lourdes. 

May  2.    Don  Carlos  enters  Spain  ;  6, 

Nov.     5.     New     commercial 

flees  back  to  Prance. 

treaty  signed  with    Great 

June  12.     Jesuits  expelled  from  Ger- 

Britain. 

many. 

July  18.  1000th  anniversary  of  King- 
dom of  Norway  celebrated. 

July  31.  Extradition  treaty  signed, 
Belgium  and  Great  Britain. 

Sept.  30.  Revolt  in  Montenegro. 

Dec.  18.  Coinage  made  uniform  in 
Denmark,  Sweden,  and  Norway. 

Dec.  31 .  Diplomatic  relations  broken 
off  between  the  Pope  and  Germany. 

1S73 

isrs 

1873 

WOBLD,  elsewhere. 


1872 

March  1.  War  between 
Honduras  and  San 
Salvador. 

March  26.  Attempt  to 
assassinate  the  Mika- 
do of  Japan. 

July  22.  Military  re- 
volt at  Lima  ;  Presi- 
dent Balta  killed. 

Aug.  17.  Japanese  em- 
bassy in  England. 


ll-'eb.  Letter  of  Comte  do 
I  Ghaniboril.  destroying  all 
hope  of  Bourbonist  fusion. 
Illarch  15.  Convention  lor 
I  complete  evacuation  by 
I  Germans  on  payment  of 
I  whole  indemnity. 
iMaj'21.  Tillers  and  his  min- 
I  istry  resign  ;  'ifj,  .Ma<'.Malion 
I     clKjsen     president    liy    tlie 

assembly. 
'Aug.  2.  (H.'iinans  have  ieft 
I  i'nincc,  excel)!  Verdun  ;  5, 
,  the  (JrleaiMsts  rcc()L;nize 
,  Coi.ite  de  Clianiljord  as 
1     chief. 

Sept.  5.  Last  inslr.'  '  vt  of 
[  (leriMiin  iiulemi;  1  >  rid  ; 
I  l.'l.  (ieriniins  leave  \  ej  dun  : 
j  If),  la^t,  Geriri:ins  leave 
I      Krance, 

jXov.  20.     Mai-Malion's    term 
j      made  7  years. 
Dec.  12.   I'.azaine  C(jndemned 
to  deatli    l"or   surrender  of 
Met/.  ;      eoinmul-cd     to     20 
years'  inipiisuuuient. 
1874  1871 

March    10.   Imperialist   dem- 
onstraliou   at  Chi.selhurst, 
I     at   7iiajority   (18  years)   of 
■     prince  in  11  "rial. 

39 


Feb.    9.     Extradition   treaty    signed, 

Italy  and  Great  Britain. 
Feb.  11.  King  Amadeo  of  Spain  ab 

dicates. 
May  1.    International    exhibition    a' 

Vienna  opened. 
Oct.  21.    Jesuits  expelled  from  their 

convents  and  colleges  at  Rome. 


1874 

Apr.  13.  Revised  constitution  adopt- 
ed in  Switzerland. 

July  2.'i.  Extradition  treaty  ratified, 
Netherlands  and  Great  Britain. 


1873 

Feb.   23.   Emperor 

Toung-Chi  of   China 

assumes  government, 
March  25.  Netherlauda 

declare  war   against 

Atchinese. 


1874 

Feb.  5.  British  force 
under  Sir  O.  WoI.se- 
ley  occupies  Coomas- 
sie. 


I  go 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1874  A.D, 


Pkogbess  of  Societtc. 


1874  18T4 
Aug 


United  States. 


1ST4 

Apr.  22.  President  Grant  vetoes  bill  for  in- 
convertible paper  money. 

July.  Bcecher  scandal  breaks  out. 

Aug.  17.  Riots  at  Austin.,  Miss.,  negroes  and 
whites  ;  so-caUed  negro  insurrection  also  in 
Aug.,  at  Trenton,  Tenn. 

Sept.  Centennial  of  meeting  of  colonial  dele- 
gates at  Philadelphia. 
Sum-jSept.   18.   Gov.   Kellogg  of  La.   deposed  by  a 
rising  of  whites ;  restored  by  U.  S.  forces. 

Oct.  27.  Triennial  Episcopalian  convention : 
canon  against  ritualism 


Doc.  Senate  passes  bUl  to  resume  specie  pay- 
ment Jan.  1,  1879. 


International 

congi'ess  at  Brussels 

on  laws  of  war. 
Sept.  15.     Internation- 
al postal  congress  at 

Berne ;  adojjts  a  sys- 
tem Oct.  7. 
Deaths,  1874:  Ex-pres 

Fillmore  ;    C, 

ner;      ¥.       Guizot ; 

A.  von    Rothscliild ; 

Chang  and  E  n  g 

(Siamese  twins) ; 

Dr.   D.    F.    Strauss ; 

J.  Michelet. 
1875  1S75  1875 

Jan.   Civil  registration  Feb.  4.  Senate  rejects  new  reciprocity  treaty 

and    ci^^l     marriage!     with  Canada. 

adopted    by  law    in  Feb.  Civil  rights  bUl  (for  negroes)  passed. 

Germany.  Apr.  19.  Centenary  of  Lexington. 

May  20.     International  June  17,  Centenary  of  Bunker  Hill. 

convention  at    Paris  July  2.  Bcecher  trial  ends.     Jury  disagrees  (9 

for  adopting  metric      to  3  for  Beecher). 

system.      13  nations  Sept.  3U.  First  American   Cardinal  (McClos- 

rejiresented,  1     key)  received  at  Rome, 

May  23.     P  e  o  p  1  e  of  Oct.  Inflationist  defeats  in  Ohio  and  Iowa. 

Switzerland    adopt 

civil  marriage  by 

vote. 
Nov.  28.     Italian  gov- 
ernment buys  the 

Northern  Italian 

railroads.  j 

Deaths.  1875:  Ex-pres. 

Johnson;   A.  Helps; 

E.  i'ercire;  E.  Qui- 

net ;  Toung-Chi,  em- 
peror of  China. 
I8761S76  1S76 

[Feb.  1.     International 

cotirts  in  Egypt  be- 
gin to  sit. 
Feb,  0.    Turkey  replies 

to  Andrassy   not  e, 

promising     reforms, 

which     are    decreed 

14th. 
March  9.    Egyptian  in- 
vading force   beaten 

by  Abyssinians 


British  Emfikx. 


1874 

Feb.  21.  Gladstone 
ministry  out ;  D"  Is- 
raeli succeeds  him. 

May  1.3-21.  Visit  of 
Czar  of  Russia. 


Jan.  1.  Centennial  year,  great  demonstrations 

in  Philadelphia, 
ilarcli.    Minister  Schenck  resigns    in    con- 
sequence of  Emma  Mine  scandal. 
April.  Senate   rejects  R.  H.  Dana's  nomina- 
tion as  minister  to  England. 
A  pr.  14.    Lincoln   monument,  erected  by  ne- 
groes, unveiled  at  Washington. 
May  10.  International  exliib.  opened  at  Phila. 
June  16.    Hayes  and  Wheeler  nominated  at 
Cincinnati. 
Oct.  27.    Ciijit.  Nares's'June.  "Winslow  released  at  London  ;  extradi- 
Arctic  expedition  re-j     tion  treaty  tlms  ended. 

ttirns  ;    reports   that  June  25.  Custer  and  his  command  ambushed 
North    Pole     cannot'     and  destroyed  by  Sioux, 
be  reached.  !  June  29.  Tilden  and  Hendricks  nominated  at 

Dec.  21.  New  penal'  St.  Louis, 
code  adopted  for  July  9.  Hamburg  (S.  C.)  massacre  of  negro 
German  Empire.  |  militiamen  by  Butler  and  others. 
Deaths,  1^7(1:  Vice-'Ang.  1.  Gen.  Belknap,  ex-.secretary  of  war, 
pres.  H.Wilson;  F.  impeached  for  corruption,  but  acquitted  by 
Deak;  Reveidy  John-'  35  to  25  in  Senate  (two-thirds  must  con- 
son  ;  Abdul-Aziz,  e.x-i     vict). 

sultan    of    Turkey  ;' Aug.  2.  Colorado  admitted  into  the  Union. 
Gen.    Santa    Anna;, Oct.     17.     President    Grant's     proclamation 
C.  Perier  ;   Cardinal'     against  mi  lawful  combinations  to  affect  elec- 
AntOEelU.  I     tious  in  South, 


1875 

March  9.  Moody  and 
Sanke3-,  the  reviv- 
alists, arrive  in 
London  ;  sail  (on 
return)  Aug.  4. 

Sept.  27.  Railway  ju- 
bilee at  Darlington. 

Nov.  25.  Government 
purchase  of  Suez 
canal  shares  an- 
nounced. 


1876 

May  1.     Queen   pro 

claimed     Emf  real 

of  India, 


l876  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


IQI 


1S74 


1874 

Aug.   81.    Vendome  column 
restored- 


EuEOPE,  elsewhere. 


1874 

Deo.  31.  Alfonso,  son  of  Queen  Isa- 
bella, proclaimed  King  of  Spain, 
enters  Madrid  and  assumes  govern- 
ment, Jan.  14,  1875. 


1875 


republican 


187( 


of  payment  on  half  the  interest  of 
her  public  debt. 


1875  1875 

Fob.-Jrarch.     Constitutional  ^  Oct.  6.  Turkey  announces  Buspension 
changes 
direction. 

June  iJ.  Destructive  floods 
at  Toulouse. 

Dec.  Keporis  on  trial  of  com- 
munists sliows  9,5'.(G  con- 
victions and  IIU  death 
sentences. 


WOELD,  elsewhere. 


1874 

Feb.  13,  King  of  Ash 
antee  makes  peace. 

Feb.  -22.  Bishop  of  Per- 
nambuco  condemned 
to  4  years'  imprison- 
ment for  disobedi- 
ence to  law. 

Feb.  ad.  Insurrection 
at  Nagasaki,  Japan. 


1875 

Apr.  5.  Island  of  Sag- 
halien  ceded  by  Ja- 
pan to  Eussia. 

May  18.  Seven  Chilian 
towns  of -'jUjCOO  popu- 
lation, destroyeii  by 
an  earthquake. 


1876 

Jan.  .31.  Andrassy  note  presented  to 
Turkey,  suggesting  reforms. 

March  20,    Triumjjhal  entry   of  Al- 
fonso into  M;u]rid,  the   Carlist  in 
surrection  being  suppressed. 
rs.'MayO.  Assassination  of  French  and 
German  consuls  at  Salonica  in  Tur 


'l876 

Jan.  French  revenue  for  1875 
$5(10,000,000,     said    to    be 
the  largest  ever    received 
by  any  government. 
Feb. -March,  llepublii-iin  ma- 
jority clcctcil  to  Chuml 
Nov.    ;i     France    aniKiuncct 
her  neutral. i.y  in  the  Kusso-I     key 
Turkihh  v.iu-.  iMay.     Risings    in   Bulgaria,    cruelly 

Dec.  VZ.  New  ministry  under'     put  down  by  Turks. 

.May  oO.    Suitau  Abdul-Aziz  (Ic'poscd  ; 

Murad  V.  succeeds. 
July  9.    Turkey  re]>udiates  p-iyments 

on  public  d<;bt  until  belter  times. 
Aug.  31.   Sultan  Murad  dei)o.-:cd  ;  Ab- 
dul Ilamid  II.  succeeds. 
Nov.  1.   Six  weeks'  armistice  between 
Turkey  and  Servia. 


1876 

Feb.  20.  Khokand  an- 
nexed to  Itussia,  as 
Ferghana. 

July  17.  Gen.  Canal 
president  of  Hayti. 

Oct.  31.  Terrible  cy- 
clone in  Bengal ;  im- 
mense loss  of  prop- 
erty and  life. 

Di'C.  10.  Baez,  Prcsi- 
lent  of  St.  Domingo. 


192 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1876  A.D.- 


A.D.  Pkoqeess  of  Society. 


United  States. 


Bbitish  Emfibb. 


1S76  1S76     _  1876 

Invention  of       tele- Nov.   7.     Presidential    election;    Hayes  and 

I     piione.  Wheeler  chosen   by  185,    to   184  for  TUden 

!  and  Hendricks. 

18771877  1ST7 

Invention  of     phono-  Jan.    TJ.    S.  Government  commission  report 


_  raph 
Deaths:  Tayler  Lewis, 
J.  L.  Motley,  Gen. 
Changarnier,  Dr. 
Muhlenberrr,   E.    L. 


Daricn  canal  practicable, 
Jan.  Extradition  treaty  signed  with  Spain, 
Jan.  8.  Two  governors  (Nicholls  and  Kellogg) 

inaugurated  in  Lotiisiana ;   Kellogg  main 

tained  by  U.  S.  troops. 


Davenport,         Gen.jjan.   Fourteen  fishing  schooners,  overdue  at 
Forrest,  Geo.  L.  Fox,     Gloucester,  Mass.,  given  up  for  lost  with  all 
Henry  Peters  Gray,'     onboard. 
Thiers,         Brigham  Jan.   Moody  and  Sankey  opened  meeting  in 


Young. 


Boston. 

Apr.  10.  U.  S.  troops  evacuated  South  Caro- 
lina state  house  ;  Gov.  Chamberlain  has  to 
yield  to  Hampton. 

Apr.  24.  V.  S.  troops  evacuate  state  house  at 
Kew  Orleans  ;  Kellogg  government  yields  to 
NichoUs 

June  (5.  Civil  suit  against  P.  B.  Sweeney  com- 
promised tor  §40u,000. 

June  29.  Pres.  Hayes's  letter  prescribing 
that  national  office-holders  must  not  be 
managing  party  officials,  nor  be  assessed  for 
party  expenses. 

July.  An  Indian  war  imder  chief  Joseph  breaks 
ont  in  Idaho. 

Oct.  5.     Nez  Forces  Indians  under  Chief  Cleopatra's 


1878  1878 

Bee.  17.  Gold  sells  at 
par  in  -sew  York 
City  for  the  first 
time  ;:ince  Jan.  13. 
1862. 

Deaths  :  W.  C  Bry- 
ant, Bayard  TavloV. 
Geo.  II. 'Lewes,  AVni. 
JI.   Tweed,    Geor<.'e 

I  Cruikshank,  Prin- 
cess Alice,  Bp.  Dii- 
panloup,  J  o  s  e  J)  h 
Henry. 


1876 


1877. 

July2-9.  Pan-Presby- 
terian conference 
at  Edinburgh, 


Needle 


Joseph  surrender. 

Oct.  1.5.  Fort;. -fifth  Congress  meets  in  extra 
session. 

Nov.  23.  Halifax  Fisheries  Commission  de- 
cree that  the  United  States  is  to  pay  Great 
Britain  S5,5UO,000. 

1878  1S78 

Jan.  30.   SenateratifiesSamoan  treaty  which  J inic  4. 

gives  U.  S.  naval  vessels  ase  of  harbor  of     treaty 

"Pagopago.  i 

May  17.    House  of  Representatives  appoints 

a  (Potter)  committee  to  investigate  alleged 

frauds  in  presidential  election  of  1870.        1 
Nov.  5.    Elections  favoral)le  to  the  Demo- Sept.  3.     "Princess 

crats.  Alice"'  sunk  near 

Southern  States  visited  with  yellow  fever. 

causing  20,000  cases  of  sickness  aud  7,000 

deaths. 


b  r  o  u  g  h  t  from 
Egypt  and  erected 
in  London. 


Defensive 
with  Tur- 
key signed,  by 
which  Cyprus  is 
ceded  to  Great 
Britain. 


London  ;  600  lives 
lost. 
Oct.  2.  City  of  Glas- 
gow Bank.  Scot- 
Tand,  closed  with 
liabilities  of  §50,- 
000,000. 


1878  A.D.  A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


193 


ISTG 


Fbaucs. 


1876 


187711877 


EtJEOPE,  elsewhere. 


1876 


1877 

Jan.  18.  Turkey  rejects  proposals  of 
the  European  powers. 

Jan.  2S.  New  Turkish  constitution 
proclaimed. 

Apr.  24.  Russia  declares  war  against 
Turkey,  and  enters  Roumania. 

May  21.  Jubilee  at  Rome,  50th  anni 
versary  of  Poi)e's  episcopate. 

June.  Russians  cross  the  Danube  at 
Galatz  :  25.  at  Hirsova. 

July  0.  Over  120, UOO  Russians  tave 
crossed  at  Sistova. 

July.  The  German  quarrel  with  Rome 
has  caused  the  deposition  Of  4  bii^.h- 
ops  and  0  archbishops;  expulsion 
of  60U  persons  (120  priests)  from 
Cologne  alone :  vaoancy  of  476 
parishes  in  7  bishojiric?  alone. 
'Oct.  11.  Elections  favorable  An^'  18.  Rn.^sians  defeated  at  Jah- 
i     to  Ucpul]licaus.  !     Hilar  ;  25.  and  at  Kizil  Tepe. 

Sow  ■■in    Kcsiynatioii  of  the  Sept.  3.      Russians   storm   Lovatz  ; 

I)e  15roL'iie  iniuistry.  1     8,  Montenegrins  capluic  >;icsic. 

Dec.  11.     Formation  of  the  ZSTov.  17.     Insurrection  along  Greek 
Uiifuure  niiiii>try.  [     frontier. 

X(jv.  18.     Russians  capture  Kars. 

Dec.  10.     Russians  capture  Rlcvna. 
1878  I'^rS  1878 

."May  1.   International  Expo- Jan.  .3.    Russians   caj)ture   Popbia  ; 
^ition  ojjeur;  at  Paris.         I     !),  and  a  Turkish   ai  luy  of  25.0(iO 

j     men  in  Shipka  Pas;- ;  :20,  and  enter 

'     Adrianople. 

Jan.  '.I.  King  Victor  Emanuel  of 
Italy  dies,  and  is  succeeded  by  his 
son.  King  lliiml)ert. 

Jan.  xj.'i  King  Alfonso  of  Sj)aiii 
marries  Princess  .Merct'des. 

Feb. 7.  Pius  IX.  dies  ;  2(1,  Leo  XIII. 
is  elected  Po]ie. 

May  11.  Attempt  to  as-assiuatc  Km- 
))eror  William  of  Cermaiiy. 

June  2.  Another  attempt  to  assas- 
sinate Kinpeior  of  <;eniianv. 

June  KJ.  Meeting  of  European  Pow- 
ers at  Berlin. 

June  -.fi.  Dcatli  of  (^ui'eii  Mercedes 
of  Spani. 

July  ];5.  Treaty  of  P.erliu  siLrned  bv 
European  Powers. 

Aug.  ()ppo>iti(in  in  liosnia  to  Aus- 
Iiian  occiipalion. 

Oct.  1!».  .\iiii-Soci,ilisi  Hill  passed 
tiy  Ocrniaiiv. 

Oct.  2.").  Atteinpttoassis-in:it(' King 
Alfonso  of  Spain. 

Nov.  17.  Attem]il  !•>  a  -as-iiuite 
King  Humbert  of  Italy.  j 


World,  elsewhere. 


1876 


1877 

Feb.  Diaz  is  in  posses- 
sion of  power  in 
Mexico :  e.x-president 
Lerdo  escapes  to  Sau 
Francisco, 

May  it.  Great  earth- 
quake and  tidal  wave, 
coast  of  Peru;  loss, 
$20,000,000  and  60? 
lives. 


Only  railroad  in  Clnna 
closed  by  the  Chi- 
nese government. 


isvs 

Jan. -Feb.  Famine  in 
Xorthern  China,  in 
which  seveial  niiil- 
ioi^s  of  persons 
starve  to  death. 

Feb.  4.  .^n  a-ylum  lor 
women  and  children 
in  Ticn-t-in.  China. 
is  liiniud.  and  near- 
ly .3.000  lives  lost. 

Ai>ril  11.  Tornado  at 
Canton.  China,  in 
winch  10.(100  persons 
ai-e  estimated  t(j  be 
killed. 

.\i\ii.  M  a  r  (|  n  i  s  of 
Lcirni'  is  api)oinii-il 
(.(>venior-(u  i:eralot 
C.-mada. 

Sci.l.  Pi'Dtectionists 
.■,!(■  snrcc-rul  at 
( '••inadi.an  elictions  ; 
Sir  John  A.  Mac- 
d(in:ild  becomes  pre- 
mier: .■ind  tarilT  laws 
are  pa-sed. 

Nov.  -.jl.  lirili^h  troops 
invade  Afghanistan. 


194 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1879  ^-I^' 


A.D,  ProgressofSociety. 


United  States. 


British  Empire. 


1879 


1879  1879 

;  Jan.  2.     Specie    pay-  Mar.  18.    Extra  session  of  Forty-sixth  Con- 

i    raents    resumed    ini    gress. 

!    U.S.  ISept.  29.    Maj.  Thornburgh  and  ten  soldiers 

I  April  30.    Treaty   be-|    Ivilled  by  the  Indians  in  Colorado. 

I    tween  Great  Britain  lOct.  16.    The  Apaches  kill  forty  settlers  in 


and  Germany  for 
su])pressing  slave 
trade. 

May  18.  Switzerland 
permits  each  Canton 
to  restore  capital 
punishment. 

July  9.  "Jeannette" 
sails  from  San  Fran- 
cisco for  Arctic  re- 
gion 

Oct.  2i5.  Flogging  in 
the  navy  abolished 
in  the  Netherlands. 

Nov.  15.  Seventh  ca- 
ble laid  under  the 
Atlantic  (Cape  Cod 
to  Brest). 

The  Northeast  (Polar) 
passage  made  by 
Nordenskjold. 

Invention  of  a  univer- 
sal language  (Vola- 
plik)  by  J.  M. 
Schleyer,  a  German. 

Construction  of  the 
first  electric  railroad 
(at  Berlin) 

Deaths  :  Mme.  Je- 
rome Bonaparte, 
Von  Rulow,  R.  H 
Dana,  Gen.  Di.x,  W. 
L.  Garrison,  Gen. 
Hood,  Gen.  llooker. 
Baron  Rothschild, 
Gen.  Richard  Tay- 
lor. 


New  Mexico. 


;1879 

3Iar.  13.  MaiTiage 
of  Dtike  of  Con- 
naught  to  Prin- 
cess Louise  of 
Prussia. 


iSygA.B. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


195 


1879  1879 

:  Jail.  30.  Marshal  >rac  Ma- 
lioii  ivsiiiiis  the  presidfiicy 
and  Juk's  Grevy  i^  L-lecred 
in  his  place. 

Feb.  -2.     liesi'.'nation  of  tlie 

I     Dufaiuv  ministry. 

Feb.  b,   Ap])i)intment  of  tlie 

t     Waddinirton  niini>ti'y. 

June  1.  I'rinee  Louis  Na- 
poleon killed  by  the  Zulu-. 

AuL'.  2.  Seat  of  government 
removed  from  Versailles 
to  Paris. 

Dee.  -2(1.  Resitrnarion  of  the 
Waddington  ministry. 

Dec.  iS.  Aijpointmeiit  of 
the  Freycinei  muiistry. 


El'i;ope,  elsewhere. 


W'OKLIJ,  elsewhere. 


1879  1S79 

Fel).  8.     Definite  treaty  of  peace  be-  Jan.  8.    Brifisli  troops 

tween  Kus-ia  and  Turkey  signed.:     enter  Candaliar  (Af- 
Mar.  l;i.      River  Theis.s  in  Hungary,     glianistani. 

In-eaks  its  dykes  and  destroys  300  Jan.  10.  British  troops 

lives.  I     enter  Zululand  ;   -ii. 

Mar.  20.      Russian  troojjs  evacuate      are  defeated  at  Is- 

Adrianojile.  i     andl.ina. 

Apr.  29.     Prince  Alexander  of  Bat-  Feb.  12.  Chilians  take 


tenberg  elected  Prince  of  Bulgaria 
Nov.  29.      King    Alfonso    of    Spain 

marries     the    Archduchess    Marie 

Christina. 
Dec.    30.       Attempt    to    assassinate 

King  Alfonso  of  Spain. 


possession  of  disput- 
ed Bolivian  territory. 

Feb.  l(i.  King  of  Bur- 
mali  assassinates 
princes  of  royal 
liouse  at  Mandalay. 

Fel).  50.  Death  of 
Sliere  AH,  Ameer  of 
Afglianistan  ;  suc- 
ceeded by  Yakoob 
Klian. 

Mar.  23.  Cliilians  cap- 
ture Calama. 

Aiirili.  Zulus  defeat- 
ed at  Gingliolova. 

Ai)!il  t;.  Chili  formal- 
ly d  (^  c  )  a  r  e  s  war 
against  I'eru  ;  11, 
I'eruvians  defeated 
in  navai  battle  off 
Loa. 

■June  24.  Zulus  invade 
Natal  :    28.  (ieneral 

,  Wolselcy  hinds  at 
Durban. 

June  2.J.    Ismail.  Khe- 

I     dive  of  Kgyjit,  abdi- 

■j  cates  and  is  succeed- 
ed l)v  his  son,  Tew- 
lik  r'aslui. 

'June  21).  Afghans  sign 
treaty  of  peace. 

July  1. "Zulus  defeated 
at  Tluniii. 

July  l(i.  Cliiliatisbom- 
l)ard  li]uiijue  ;  21, 
Peiiivians  Iximbartl 
Caldera. 

Aug.  8.  Second  bom- 
bardnicnl  of  hpii- 
(|uc  l)v  Chilians  ;  1(3, 
Ball  It'  at  Sau  Pedro 
tlr  .\t;at:nna  :  and, 
2^^.  ;il  .ViildfaL'asta. 

AllL'.  2S.  The  Zulu 
k  i  n  L' .  Celewavo, 
,;,plN,vd. 

Seul  I.  Il'iliviaus  and 
i'riii\  i'liis  capture 
<',ilnii:i  :  HI.  Naval 
lialllc  olT  liiniiiiii!  ; 
]'.K  {  liiliinis  vielori- 
iiu-^  at  Sau  Fran- 
ci-cd. 

Sept.  3.  Maj.  Cavag- 
narl  and  Pritish 
l';nil)a--v  a-sassinat- 
j     ed  in  Caliul. 


ic)6 


THE   world's   progress.  i879.A-I^-- 


Procress  OF  Society, 


United  States. 


British  Empire. 


isro 


1880 


1880 

Feb.  18.  Slavery  abol- 
i^^hed  ill  Cuba. 

Feb.  29.  Tunnel 
throngh  St.  Gothard 
Mt.  completed. 

June  10.  Celebration 
at  Lisbon  of  ter- 
centenary of  Ca- 
moens. 

Aug.  14.  Completion 
of  Cologne  Cathe- 
dral, be'iun  in  r.248. 

Nov.  -1.  Kansas  adopts 
prohibitory  amend- 
ment to  constitu- 
tion. 

Dec.  8.  Flogging  abol- 
ished in  British 
navv. 

Death's  :  Ole  Bull. 
Lydia  !Miiria  Child, 
Geo.  Eliot,  Empress 
of  Russia,  Lucretia 
Mott,  Paul  de  Mus- 
sel, Offenbach,  Tom 
Taylor. 


1880 

June  2.  Garfield  and  Arthur  nominated  by 
Republicans  at  Chicago. 

June  11.  Weaver  and  Chambers  nominated 
by  Greenback-Labor  Convention  at  Chi- 
cago. 

June  24.  Hancock  and  Engli.sli  nominated 
bv  Democrats  at  Cincinnati. 

Oct'.  14.  Indian  Chief  Victoria  and  fifty 
braves  killed  by  ^Mexicans. 

Nov.  4.  Garfield  and  Arthur  elected  Presi- 
dent and  Vice-Presideut, 


1880 

Jan.  .3.  Riots  in  Con- 

!     nemara.  Ireland. 

Feb.  1~.  Parliament 

i  defeats  bill  to 
make  franchise  in 
Ireland  the  same 
as  in  England  and 
Scotland. 

Mar.  24.  Parliament 
dissolved. 

April  21.  Resigna- 
tion of  Beacons- 
field. 

April  23.  Appoint- 
ment of  Gladstone 
government. 

May.  Insurrections 
in  Western  Ire- 
land. 

June.  House  of 
Commons  refuses 
toallowBradlangh 
to  take  his  seat. 

Oct.-Xov.  Riots  in 
various  parts  of 
Ireland. 

Dec.  28.  State  trial 
against  Parncll, 
etc..  begins  in 
Dublin. 


i88o  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


197 


ISrO  1S79 


]8S()  1S.S0 


Europe,  olscvhere. 


1879 


1879 

Sept.  9.      Coinmunirt 
outbreak  iu  Colom- 
bia ;  Oerinau  consul 
:m(l   200    others 
killed. 
Sept.  17.  Tnternation- 
al     Exliiljition     at 
Svdiiev,  ;se\v  South 
Wales. 
Oct.  2.     Afghans  re- 
jjulsed    with    great 
loss    at    Shutargar- 
dan :  '^1,  Abdication 
of  Yakoob  Khan. 
Oct.  8.     Chilians  cap- 
ture the  ■■  Iluasciir." 
Oct.  24.  Midhat  Pasha 
resigns       governor- 
ship of  Syria. 
Nov.  2.    Chilians  cap- 
ture Pisagua  ;  and, 
8.  Tarapaca  ;     and, 
17,   Conchas     Blan 
cas  :    and,    22.   the 
"  Pilcomaj'o  ;  '"    13. 
are  defeated   at 
(^uintla^'oa;  but,  24, 
ai-e     victorious     at 
Iquique. 
Dec.  12.     Attempt   to 
assassinate      Lord 
Lyitoi}  at  Calcutta. 
D('c.  14.     Afghans  de- 
feated  near  Cabul ; 
and,  23,  at  Sherpur. 
1880  ilKso 

Jan.  29.     P.ill  passed  to  sni>- Feb.  IS.     1,200  persons  arresii'd  in  Jan.  ,5.    Kevolution  iu 
lH-e>s  p(;!ili(iil  clubs.  Russia  for  "  attemitting  "  to  a<sas-|     I'ciu  ;  (;cn.   Pierola 

.June.    Army  chaplains  abol-      sinate  theC/.ar  :  24.  (Jen.  .Melikoffl     jirociaimed      Dicta- 

i~lii-il.  ai)i)ointe(l  Dictator  of  Russia.         '     tor. 

June  211.      Island   of   Tahiti  .\pril  7.     P)isniarck  olTers  hi-;  re-iL:- Jan.  7.  Chilians  occu- 
j     anni'.xed  tn  France.  nation    to    the    Kniiieror  of    Ger-:     jjy  Ilo. 

June  30.      Jesuits   expelled      many,  but  it  is  not  arcepled.  :jaiK  }:,.     Afghans  de- 

j     from     their    re  1  i  gi  (mi  s  May  4.     German   .\uti-Socia;ist  laws      feated  near  Dacca; 
:     houH's.  extended  to  issl.  !     21,    ISriti^h    ca|iture 

Juiv   II.     Cijinniiinists  am- June    1.      International    Exhibition      Khi-lat-i-(;liilzai. 
;     nc-ii-d.  opened  at  lirn-ri.-.  iFeb.  1-3.  Cliilians  de- 

Scpt.  10.     Revolt  of  natives  June  It;.   Supj)lem(  nlary  Cmifrrence       fealed. 
j     of    Dotnenica    aL'ainst      meets  at  I'.erlin  Id  >ittle  Greek  and  .M;ir.  7.    Chilians  bom- 
\     I'rcnch  government.  Monlenc'.'rin  ijiK-linn-,  :     bard  .Vrica  ;  and.  1 1, 

Sept.     11»,       Re-ignation    of  July  3.     l'ni<~ia  ])a---e~   hill   tn  -ub-'     occupy      ,Mo(|Uega  ; 

Freycinct  mini-lry.  ordinate  all  cliTL'y  U>  the  St.ate.  and.  IS,  D!ay. 

Sept,  2:i.      .\i)piiintment   of  Sept.    17.        Nav.if    denion-ti-alion  .Vjcil  10.     Chilians 

Ferry  mini-lry.  against  Sull.m   to  enforce  .Monte-I     blockade  ( 'allao. 

OcC  :V).      lieli^'iniis    hianes      ne^'rin '-(■ttlemenl.  .Vpril  19.    Afi.'hansde- 

,     of  Je-nit-  fon  ibly  cli,M(l.  Oct.  19.    C/.ar  marries  Princi'<<  I)<,1-:     feated     at     Ahmed- 
Nov.  9.     Ferry   ministry  re-      irorouki.  I     ki-y  ;  2(t.  <lefeal  I5rit- 

j     >iL'n  ;    hul.    11.    u  ilhdraw  N'liv.  27.     'I'urk^  e\  ■ini.iie  Dulci'.'no.'     i-li  near  (JhurziuT  ; 
!     their  re-.iL'n;ili')n-.  Nov. -Dec.      .Vnti  Semil  ic   nieeliiig-|     2.").  ilelVated  at  Cha- 

Dec.  !i.     IJilM'or  laxiuL' reli-      at  Derlin.  1     r;i-iali. 


World,  elsewhere. 


_^ious  j)roj)erty  juissed. 


•Inne  7.    Chilians  cap- 
;     tare  .\ric.i  and  Tac- 

n,'i. 
'Jnlv  1.  Chilian  "  I.oa" 
)     (le.-iroyeil     by     tor- 


198 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS, 


1880  A.D.- 


a.d.ProgressofSociety. 


United  States 


BiuTisu  Empire. 


1S80  1880 


1381  1881 

Feb.  7.    Work  be^run 

I    on  Panama  Canal. 

May  ir.  19.  Kevised 
>?t'\v  T  e  s  t  a  m  o  n  t 
iniblished  in  Eng- 
land and  America. 

June  11.  •■  Jiannette'' 
destroyed  by  ice  in 
Siberian  .^eas. 

Aiig.  Electrical  Ex- 
hibition opened  at 
Pari:^. 

Deaths  :  Bcnconsfield. 
Gen.  Burn>ide.  Car- 
lyle.  Dean  Stanlev. 
j,  G.  Holland.  J.  t. 
Fields.  EniileLitlre. 


1882  ISSii 

J.  F.  Slater  eives 

?l.iX)O.Ol>0   for    eihi- 

'     fion  of   the  colored 

p  e  o  p  1  o      of      the 

South. 


Great  increasi'  in  nse 
of  electric  lii:ht. 


1880 


1881 

Mar.  4.    Garfield  inaup-urated  as  President. 

May  5.  New  treaty  with  China  couflrmod 
(regulating  !mmi£rrati<uiV 

June'i.  Great  Britain  pays  S~o,000  for  For- 
tune Bay  tisheries  damalres. 

July  2.  Garlield  shot  by  Guiteau  in  Wash- 
ii'iL'ton. 

Jul\^ :.'().  Indian  Chief  Sitting  Bull  surren- 
ders at  Fort  Buford. 

Sept.  19.    Garfield  dies  at  Elberon,  N.  J. 

Sejjt.  20.  22.  Arthur  takes  oath  of  office  as 
President. 

Oct.  5.  International  Cotton  Exhibition 
opened  at  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Oct.  18.  Centennial  celebration  of  Battle  of 
Vorktown  :  Britisli  tlag  saluted  by  order 
of  the  President. 

Oct.  31.  Cashier  of  Jlechanics'  Xationa! 
Bank.  Xewark.  embezzles  82.0(10.000. 

Nov.  14.  Beirinnimx  of  trial  of  Guiteau  for 
murder  of  C^arlield. 

1882 

Jan.  2.").  Guiteau  trial  ended  in  liis  convic- 
tion of  murder  in  the  tirst  dcLa-ee. 

Feb.  28.  Congress  passes  apportionment 
bill  i;i\in2  House  of  Kepreseutatives  32."j 
member^. 

May.  Outbreak  of  Apache  Indians  in  Ari- 
zona. 

Mays.  Couirress  ])asses  bill  suspending 
Chinese  immigration  for  ten  years. 


1880 


1881 

Jan.  24.  House  of 
C  o  m  m  o  n  s  sits 
continuously  for 
41  hours  t()  pass 
coercion  bill. 

Jan.  25.  Irish  State 
trial  ends  in  dis- 
agreement of  tlie 
jury. 

Mar.  17.  Passage  of 
Irish  anns  bill. 

Apr. -June.  1.06.3 
families  in  Ireland 
evicted  for  not 
paving  rents. 

Julv'30.'  Passage  of 
Irish  land  bill. 


1882 

Mar.  2.    Attempt  to 

assassinate  Queen 

^■ictoria. 


Apr.  2T.  Marriage 
of  Prince  Leopold 
to  Princess  Hele- 
na of  ^Valdeck. 


l882  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


199 


France. 


1880  1880 


Europe,  elsewhere. 


1S80 


1831  1881  1881 

31  ay  12.    City  of  Tunis  sur-.Mar.  1.3.    Appassinatlon  of  Czar  of 

renders  to  Freiicli.  i     Kussia  :    succeeded   by  his    son. 

July  11.    French  army  bom-|     Alexander  111. 

bards  S fax.  i  Apr.  15.     Execution  of  five  ><'ihilists 

Nov.  10.    I-ic-iLniation  of  the:     for  assassination  of  tlie  Czar. 

Ferry  mini-try  ;   1.5.   For-  Apr.    27.      Be^'innint;    of    oulraj,'es 

mation   of   tlie   Gambetta      against  the  Jews  in  Knssia. 

ministry.  Dec.   8.      KiuL'  Tlieatre   in   Vienna 

burned,  and  j'J-1  lives  lost. 


World,  elsewhere. 


1880 

July  25.  Abdul  Pvali- 
man  recognized  by 
British  as''Ameero'f 
CabuI;2r,Britishai- 
feated  in  Candahar. 

Sept.  1.  Afghans  de- 
feated at  Candahar. 

Sept.  6.  Insurrection 
of  Basntos  ;  25,  de- 
feated. 

Sept.  14.  Offer  of  F. 
S.  to  mediate  iu 
Cliilian  war  accept- 
ed. 

Oct.  1.  Internatioria! 
Exhibition  opened 
at  Melbourne. 

Oct.  14,  19.  Basutos 
defeated. 

Nov.  15.  Rising  of  the 
Boers  in  tlie  Trans- 
vaal against  the 
British  government. 

Nov.  25.  Negotiations 
for  peace  between 
Chill,  Peru,  and  Bo- 
livia broken  oil. 

Dec.  21.  General  ris- 
ing of  the  Boers  in 
the  Transvaal :  v!-'!, 
they  declare  tliri" 
independence  ;  aiul, 
2S,  occupy  I'otclief- 
stroom. 

1881 

Jan.   2.3.     Callao 
Linui   surrender 
Chilians. 

?ilar.  2:!.  Boer  wa; 
S.  Africa  ended. 

A])r.  Earthquake 
Chios,  Asia  3Iin 
destroying  forty-1 
villages  and  5. 
])ersons. 

Xov.  False  Pmii 
ajipears  in  Soud;; 


and 


1882  1.882  :i8S2  18s2 

Jan.     I'ailun-  of  the  I'nionJ'eb.  Twentv-oncNiliilists in  Pussia  May.     Peiiewal  of  j.o- 

(ii'm'i;;!.-,  condnnncd   lo   death  or  lo  penal      lilical   massacre.-  in 

Jan.  :iil.     i;.-JL'ii:ition  of  the      -crvilude.  :     .Mandalay. 

(ianihctia     niini-ii'v     aiid  Ajir.     Prince    (WiHscliakoiV    re.-iu'us 

foriiiMion  (if  til'- I'rcycinci      Ministry    of    J^'orrign    AiV.airs    in 

mi'iisirv.  IiUssia. 

:\Inv  2.     F)v!,ci|  raptinv  lla-  June    11.        Plots    in 

Noi    in    s  wu  I  he.asicrn  .\Iav.     ,\s<,'i--in.ation  of  Gen.  Slrel-      .\!<'v,andria  :  .'-JIO  Eii- 
I     Asia.  I     n'ikoir  at  Odi— .a.  ;     ropcans  killed. 


200 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


)2  A.D. 


IRESS  OF  Society. 


U.MTKD  States. 


British  Empire. 


!S3-  iS32 

Deaths  :  Longfellow, 
i  Darwin,  Emerson, 
Gambetta,  Garibal- 
di, Pusey,  Abp.  Tait, 
Anthony  Trollope, 
Thurlow  Weed,  G. 
P.  -Marsh.  R.  H. 
Dana,  jr.,  Auerbach, 
Dr.  Draper,  Dr.  Bel- 
lows. 


1SS2  18S2 

June  30.     Guiteau  hanged  in  Washington.       ^  May  6.  Assassination 

Aug.  2.    Congress  passes  over  the  President's;     ot  Lord  F.  C.  Cav- 

veto  the  largest  River  and  Harbor  bill  ever!     endish     and     Mr. 

passed— §18,743,875.  !     Burke  in  Dublin. 

Nov.      Elections     throughout     the    country  July  12.  Queen  signs 

generally  favorable  to  the  Democrats.  I     new  coercion  bill. 

Aug.       Passage      of 
j      Irish     arrears      of 

rent  bill. 
Dec.  Parliament  a- 
dopts  new  rules  of 
procedure. 
Dec.  20.  Archbish- 
opric of  Canter- 
bury accepted  by 
Bishop  Benson, 


1883  1SS3 

:May    12.     Opening   of 

I     hygienic     exhibition 

I     at  Berlin. 
^Lay    14.     Opening    of 
international       fish- 
eries   exhibition     at 

!     London.  | 

July.  First  use  of 
storage  electricity  in 
propelling  boat 
(Thames  River, 
London).  | 

Aug.   16.     Opening   of 

I     electrical   exhibition 

I     at  Vienna. 

■  N'ov.  18.  Standard  time 
substituted  for  local 
time   in    U.   S.   and 

I     Canada. 

Deaths:  Dore,  Flo- 
tow,  Wagner,  A.  H. 

'  Stephens,  J.  R. 
Green,  (jortchakoff, 
I'eter  Cooper,  Jules 
Sandeau,  Laboulaye, 
Abd-el-Kader,  Bp. 
Colenso,  Abp.  Pur- 
cell,  Montgomery 
Blair,  J.  S.  "Black, 
Comte  de  Cham- 
bord,  _  Turgeneff, 
Hendrik  Con- 
science, Mayne  Reid 

:      Karl  Marx,  H.Mar- 

;     tin.   Sir  1:^.  Sabine. 


Jan.  5.  Defalcation  of  the  State  Treasurer 
of  Tennessee  (3400,000). 

Mar.  4.     Tariff  bill  signed  by  the  President. 

July  16.  Civil-Service-Reform  Act  (passed 
by  Congress  in  Jan.)  goes  into  operation. 

July  19.  Strike  of  5,000  telegraph  oper- 
ators.    (Coll.ipsed  Aug.  17,) 

July  23.  Proteus,  sent  to  rescue  the  Greelv 
Arctic  expedition,  crushed  by  tiie  ice  in 
Smith's  Sound, 

Sept.  8.  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  com- 
pleted. 

Oct.  I.  Letter  postage  reduced  from  3c.  to 
2C.  per  half  ounce.  1 

Oct.  15.  Civil-Rights  Act  (giving  colored 
people  equal  privileges  in  hotels,  theatres, 
etc.,  with  whites)  pronounced  unconsti- 
tutional by  Supreme  Court. 

Nov.  I.  Gen.  Sherman  succeeded  by  Gen. 
Sheridan  in  the  command  of  the  army. 


Feb.  10.  Identifi- 
cation of  murder- 
ers of  Burke  and 
Cavendish.  (Apr. 
13,  18.  Condemna- 
tion to  death  of 
two  of  them.) 

June  16.  Suffoca- 
tion of  1S6  children 
at  Victoria  Hall, 
Sunderland. 

July.  Shooting  at 
Cape  Town  of 
James  Carey,  the 
identifier  of  the 
lUirke  and  Caven- 
dish murderers. 

Aug.  23.  Annex- 
ation of  Sherbro 
and  other  terri- 
tories on  west 
African  coast  to 
British  Empire. 


i883  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD, 


20 1 


Aug.   7.     Formation    of    the 

Duclerc  ministry. 
Passage  of  divorce  bill. 


Sept.  Turkey  cedes  5,000  square 
miles  to  Greece. 

Oct.  2.  Attempt  to  assassinate  King 
Milan  of  Servia. 

Dec.  Conviction  of  forty-five  So- 
cialists at  Prague. 


Jan.  28.  Resignation  of  the 
Duclerc  ministry  and  for- 
mation of  the  Fallieres 
ministry. 

Feb.  g.  Release  of  Prince  Na- 
poleon after  tliree  weeks' 
imprisonment. 

Feb.  18.  Resignation  of  the 
Falliures  ministry  and 
formation  of  tlic  f^erry 
ministry. 

Feb.  25.  Royal  princes  dis- 
missed from  the  army. 

Sc'iJt.  29.  King  of  Spain  in- 
sulted in  Paris  ;  30,  apolo- 
gies offered  by  President 
Crevy. 


Jan.     Great  floods  in  Europe. 

.Mar.  29.  Murder  at  Pesth  of  the  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  Hungary. 

April.  Resumption  of  specie  pay- 
ments in  Italy.  (Suspended  since 
1866.) 

May  27.  Coronation  of  Alexander 
III.,  Czar  of  Russia,  at  Moscow. 

May-.-Vug.  Persecutions  of  Jews  in 
Russia. 

July  28.  Earthquake  on  island  of 
Ischia  (near  Naples)  destroying 
5,000  lives. 

.Vug.     Military  revolt  in  Spain. 

Sept.  27.  Unveiling  of  the  great 
statue  "  Germania,"  on  the  Nic- 
derwald,  Riidesheim. 

Oct.  Resignation  of  Sp.mish  minis- 
try of  Sagasta,  and  formation  of 
new  ministry  under  Posad.a-IIcr- 
rera. 

Nov.  10.  Celebration  in  Germany  of 
fourth  cciUcmiial  of  Luther's  birtli. 

Dec.  4.     Insurrection  in  Crete. 


July  II.  British  fleet 
bombards  Ale.xan- 
dria  ;  12,  Egyptians 
evacuate  and  fire 
Alexandria. 

Aug.  15.  Gen.  Wolse- 
ley  arrives  at  Alex- 
andria ;  20,  seizes 
the  Suez  Canal,  and, 
24,  defeats  Egyp- 
tians at  Magfar  and 
(25)  at  Kassasin 
Lock. 

Sept.  13.  British  cap- 
ture Tel-el-Kebir 
and  Zagazig ;  14, 
Arabi  is  captured  ; 
23,  Damietta  surren- 
ders ;  and,  25,  Khe- 
dive returns  to  Cai- 
ro. 

Dec.  3.  Arabi  sen- 
tenced to  death  ; 
commuted  bj-  Khe- 
dive to  perpetual 
exile. 

1S83 

Jan.  16.  Return  of 
Cetewayo  to  Zulu- 
land. 

Feb.  12.  Coronation  of 
King  Kalakaua  in 
Honolulu. 

Apr.  29.  Followers  of 
El  Alahdi  defeated 
by  Egyptian  troops. 

June.  French  aggres- 
sions in  Madagas- 
car. 

June.  Cholera  causes 
panic  in  Kgypt :  over 
16,000  deaths. 

July  6.  Cetewayo  de- 
feated in  battle  by 
Oham. 

July  14.  Discovery  of 
Lake  Mantumba  in 
Africa  by  Stanley. 

.■\ug.  Volcanic  erup- 
tions in  Java  and 
neighboring  islands  : 
nearly  100,000 
deaths. 

Aug.  15-20.  Skirmishes 

j  between  French  and 
Anamite  troops  in 
Tonquin. 

Aug.  25.  French  pro- 
tectorate established 
over  Anain. 

|Oct.  16.  Surrender 
of  C:etewayo  to  the 
British. 

Oct.  20.  Treaty  of 
]ieace  signed  be- 
tween Chili  and 
Peru. 


202 


THE   world's   progress. 


1883  A.D.- 


.D.  Progress  of  Society.' 


United  States. 


British  Empire. 


1SS3  1S83 


May  19.  Discovery  of 
inoculative  remedy; 
for  rabies  announced 
by  Pasteur.  I 

May  24.  Opening  of 
N.  Y.  and  Brooklyn 
Suspension  Bridge.    I 

June  20.  Introduction 
of  railroads  intoi 
China  sanctioned  by 
the  government. 

July  I.  Opening  of  in- 
ternational forestry 
exhibition  at  Edin- 
burgh. 

Aug.  4.  Opening  of 
international  educa- 
tional conference  at 
London. 

Oct.  13.  International 
conlerence  at  Wash- 
ington adopts  meri- 
dian of  Greenwich 
as  the  universal 
prime  meridian. 

Greely  expedition 

penetrates  to  Lat. 
83°  24'  N.,  the  far- 
thest point  yet 
reached  in  Arctic 
exploration. 

Deaths :  Dr.  Lasker, 
Wendell  Phillips, 
(iuyot,  Mignet, 
Prince  Leopold, 
Chas.  Reade,  Tag- 
lioni,  J.  P.  Benja- 
min, Chas.  O'Conor, 
Count  Todleben, 
Lepsius,  Sir  E.Wil- 
son, H.  G.  Bohn, 
Hans  Makart,  Paul 
Lacroix,  Fanny  I'^ls- 
sler,  Channing. 

1SS5  ,. 

Jan.  I.  1  ime  of  reck- 
oning the  beginning 
of  the  day  clianged 
from  noon  to  mid- 
night at  Greenwich 
observatory. 


Jan.  21.  Iron-clad  oath  (enacted  during  Civil 
War)  repealed  by  Congress. 

Feb.  10-21.  Great  floods  in  Ohio  Valley  . 
$500,000  appropriated  by  Congress  for  re- 
lief. 

May  29.  People's  (Labor  and  Greenback) 
party  nominate  P>.  F.  Butler  and  A.  M. 
West  for  the  Presidency  and  Vice-Presi- 
dency. 

June  2.  Republican  party  nominate  J.  G. 
Blaine  and  J.  A.  Logan  for  the  Presidency 
and  Vice-Presidency. 

June  22.  Rescue  off  Cape  Sabine  of  Lieut. 
Greely  and  six  survivors  of  his  Arctic  ex- 
pedition— 17  of  the  party  having  perished. 

July  10.  Democratic  party  nominate  Grover 
Cleveland  and  T.  A.  Hendricks  for  the 
Presidency  and  Vice-Presidency. 

July  24.  Prohibition  party  nominate  J.  P. 
St.  John  and  Wm.  Daniel  for  the  Presi- 
dency and  Vice-Presidency. 

Nov.  4.  Election  of  Cleveland  ami  Hen- 
dricks. 

Dec.  8.  Collection  of  imnagrant  head  money 
declared  unconstitutiomd  by  Supreme 
Court. 

Dec.  16.  Opening  of  Cotton  Exposition  at 
iSew  Orleans, 


Apr.  16.  Celebration 
of  ter-centennial 
of  Edinburgh  Uni- 
versity. 

June  28.  Opening  of 
Egyptian  confer- 
ence in  London. 

Nov.  Passage  of  new- 
franchise  bill  by 
Parliament. 

Dec.  13.  Attempt  to 
wreck  London 

Bridge  with  dy- 
namite. 


rSSs 

Ian.  20.       Passage  of  bill  submitting  French 

spoliation  claims  to  Court  of  Claims. 
Feb.    21.       Dedication    of    the    Washington 

Monument  (555  feet  high)  at    the   city   of 

Washington. 
Mar.    2.       Importation    of    foreign    contract 

laborers  prohibited  by  Congress. 


1SS5 

[an.  24.  Dj'namite 
explosion  in 
Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment and  in  the 
Tower,  London  : 
twenty  persons  in- 
jured. 


i885  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


203 


France. 


Europe,   elsewhere. 


1 884 


World,  elsewhere 


June  19.  Annexation  of  Jan.  13.  Formation  of  a  new  Spanish 
Cambodia  (part  of  Chinaj  ministry  under  Cdnovas  del  Cas- 
to  French  territories.  |     tillo. 

June     25.        Appearance    of  Feb.  14.     Anne-xation  of  Merv  (Cen- 
Asiatic       cholera  ;       6,oco      tral  Asia)  by  Russia, 
deaths         within  three  Feb.     17.       Attempt    to    assassinate 

months.  i     King  of  Italy. 

July  19.     Adoption  of  a  di-  June   12.     Regulation   of   succession 

vorce  law.  to  Dutch  throne. 

Aug.  15.     Declaration  of  war  June  21.   Death  of  Prince  of  Orange, 

by  China.  crown  prince  of  Holland. 

Aug.     Revision  of  Constitu- June-Aug.     Persecutions  of  Jews  in 
Russia. 
July    13.       Attempt    to    assassinate 

Kmperor  of  Austria. 
July  17.  Discovery  of  plot  to  assassi- 
nate Czar  of  Russia. 
Oct.  3.     Destruction  by  fire  of  royal 

castle  of  Christiansborg. 
Oct.    5.       German     anne.xations     on 
African    slave   coast;    Dec.  19,  in 
South  Sea. 


Oct.  31.  Marquis  of 
Lansdowne  succeeds 
Marquis  of  Lome  as 
Governor-General  of 
Canada. 

Nov.  3-5.  Defeat  of 
Egyptian  army  un- 
der Hicks  Pacha  by 
El  Mahdi  in  the 
Soudan. 

Dec.  4.  Opening  at 
Calcutta  of  the  first 
East  Indian  inter- 
national exhibition. 

1884 

Jan.  25.  "  Chinese  " 
Gordon  appointed 
Governor  of  the 
Soudan. 

Feb.  Massacre  of 
Christians  in  Ton- 
quin  :   215  lives  lost. 

Feb.  4.  Defeat  of 
liaker  Pacha  by 
Egyptian  rebels  un- 
der Osman  Digma, 
near  Tokar. 

Feb.  9.  Death  of  Cete- 
wayo. 

Feb.  29.  Osman  Dig- 
mi\  defeated  by 
Gen.  Graham  near 
'I'okar. 

Mar.  30.  Epidemic  of 
small-pox  at  Madras. 

May  23.  Berber  cap- 
tured by  Egyptian 
rebels. 

Sept.  10.  Earl  of  Duf- 
ferin  appointed  to 
the  vice-royaity  of 
India.  (He  assumes 
office  Nov.  13. ) 

Nov.  25.  Eartliiiuake 
in  Peru. 


ec.     I. 

Gen. 

Diaz 

becomes 

Prcs 

.      of 

Mexico. 

ec.    12. 

Revo 

ulion 

in  Corea 

Mar.  29.  R'-Mjnati'.n  of  the  J.in.  i.  I'.artluju.ikr!  in  Spain  :  Jan.  -.■').  El  Mahdi 
Ferry  ministry  (.lused  by  m.uiy  lives  and  buildings  dc-  defeated  by  tlie  Hrit- 
riots  over  Chinese  \  ictories       stroycd.  ish  under  Gen.  Stew- 

iii    'iou'iuni.  I.an.  12.      I'.xtraditliin  treaty  bctwec:n       art  in   the  Soudan. 

.\l^r.    6.      I  f.rin.itinn    of    nev.-  '    l<  ussia  ami  Prussia. 

ministry  under  llrisson.         M.iy  4.     (Jjieiiing  of  universal  exhi- 
bition at  Antwer]). 


204 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


A.D.- 


A.u.  Progress  of  Society, 


May  4.  Opening  of 
international  exhi- 
bition of  inventions 
at  London. 

May  15.  Publication 
at  I^ondon  and  New 
York  of  revised  ver- 
sion of  Old  Testa- 
ment. 

Aupf.  10.  Opening  of 
international  tele- 
graphic congress  at 
Berlin. 

Nov.  18.  First  election 
of  a  workman  to  the 
States-General  of 
Holland. 

Deaths:  Colfax,  B. 
Silliman,  Jr. ,  About, 
R.  G.  White,  Fre 
linghuysen,  Hugo, 
Baron  v.  IManteuffel, 
S.  I.  Prime,  Gen. 
Grant,  Montefiore, 
Lord  Houghton, 

"  H.  H."  Jackson, 
Abp.  McClo5key,H. 
W.  Shaw  ("Josh 
r.ilIings"),Gen.Mc- 
Glellan,  John  Mc- 
Cullough,  Vice- 
President  Hen- 
dricks, King  Alfon- 
so, W.  H.  Vander- 
bilt,  Toombs. 


United  States. 


British  Empire. 


Mar.  4.  Passage  of  act  retiring  U.  S.  Grant 
with  the  rank  of  General. 

Mar.  4.  Letter  postage  reduced  from  two 
cents  per  half  ounce  to  two  cents  per  ounce. 

Mar.  4.  Inauguration  of  President  Cleve- 
land. 

Apr.  16.  Passage  of  bill  by  N.  Y.  Legislature 
creating  a  jmblic  park  at  Niagara  Falls. 
(Opened  to  the  public  July  15.) 

May  5.  Conclusion  of  treaty  with  Colombian 
govt,  establishing  joint  protectorate  over 
Isthmus  of  Panama. 

June  21.  Ratification  of  extradition  treaty 
with  Japan. 

Aug.  8.  Public  funeral  of  Gen.  Grant  in 
New  York. 

Aug.  25.  Cyclones  at  Savannah  and  Charles- 
ton: §2,000,000  worth  of  property  destroyed. 

Sept.  2.  Five  hundred  Chinese  miners  in 
Wyoming  Ter.  attacked  by  whites  and  fifty 
of  them  killed. 


Jan.  4.  Women  al-|Jan.  19.  Passage  of  bill  investing  presidency 
lowed  to  vote  in,  temporarily  in  Secretary  of  State  (or  other 
Toronto.  Cabinet  officers)  in  case  of  death  of   both 

Oct.    27.       Final    abo-l     President  and  Vice-President. 

lition    of   slavery    in' Feb.    9,      Chinese    in    Seattle   (Washington) 
Cuba.  driven  from  their  homes  by  mob. 


^lar.  26.  Difficulty 
with  Russia  re- 
garding advances 
of  latter  in  Central 
Asia :  military  re- 
serves called  out 
by  the  Queen. 

June  8.  Defeat  in 
Parliament  of  the 
Libera  1_  (Glad- 
stone) ministry, 

June  23.  Formation 
of  Conservative 
ministry  under  the 
Marquis  of  Salis- 
bury. 

June  29.  Earl  of  Car- 
narvon succeeds 
Earl  Spencer  as 
Lord  Lieutenant 
of  Ireland. 

July  23.  Marriage 
of  Princess  Beat- 
rice to  Prince 
Henry  of  Batten- 
berg. 

Sept.  3.  Completion 
of     tunnel     under 

,     Severn  River. 

Oct.  I.  Inauguration 
of  sixpenny!  twelve 
cents)  telegrams. 

Nov.  Outbreak  of 
war  with  Burmah; 
British  troops  en- 
ter Mandalay  ; 
surrender  of  King 
Thebaw  (Nov.  28.) 


Jan.  I.  Annexation 
of  Burmah  to 
British  Empire. 

Jan.  20.  Opening  of 
tunnel  under  Mer- 
sey River. 


i886a.d. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


205 


France 


EuROi'E,    elsewhere. 


AVoRLD,  elsewhere. 


June  2.  Public  funeral  of 
\'ictor  Hugo  in  Paris. 

June  9.  Treaty  of  peace  with 
China  signed. 

Aug.  25.  Reappearance  of 
cholera  at  Toulon  ;  its 
rapid  spread  through 
France  and  Spain  :  10,000 
deaths. 

Dec.    12.     Establishment    of 
protectorate     over    Mad 
gascar. 

Dec.  28.  Re-election  of 
Gr^vy  as  President. 


18861886 

Jan.     7.        Forrn.ition     of     .-i 
new  ministry  under  !■  rcy- 
cinet. 
Jan.    ij.     Amnesty    granted 
j     political  offenders. 


June  24.  Cholera  appears  in  Spain  : 
82,000  deaths  by  end  of  Aug.  : 

July  12.  Attempt  to  assassinate| 
Emperor  of  Germany.  1 

Sept.  18.  Rebellion  in  Eastern, 
Roumalia  :  annexed  to  Ikilgaria.     j 

Oct.  I.  Outbreak  of  war  between 
Servia  and  I'ulgaria. 

Nov.  I.  Renewal  for  five  years  of 
Latin  monetary  union  between 
France,  Pielgium,  Italy,  Switzer- 
land, and  Greece,  on  basis  of  silver 
coin  redeemable  in  gold.  j 

Nov.  25.  Accession  of  Mercedes  to! 
Spanish  throne  (on  death  of  her| 
father,  Alfonso  XIL)  under  re-i 
gency  of  her  mother.  Queen  Chris-j 
tina  :   new  ministry  under  Sagasta. 

Nov.  2S-Dec.  21.  Trial  and  con- 
viction of  twenty-six  Nihilists  at; 
Warsaw  :  4  hung  and  22  sent  to| 
Siberia. 

Nov.  30.  Germany  takes  possession' 
of  Slarshall  Islands.  j 

Dec.  5.  Italian  annexation  of  Mas 
sowah 


■836 

Jan.  Servia,  I'ulgaria,  and  Greece 
compelled  by  llie  powers  t(j  disarm. 

Mar.  2.  Treaty  of  jjcace  signed  be- 
tween Servia  and  I'.uigari.i. 

Mar.  20.  Anarchist  riots  in  I'.clgium 
originating  in  .strike  of  miners. 


Jan.  26.  Khartoum 
captured  by  El 
Mahdi  :  27,  Gordon 
killed;  British  forces 
withdrawn  from 
Soudan. 

Feb.  Formation  of 
Congo  Free  State. 

Feb.  21.  Protectorate 
over  Samoan  Islands 
granted  Germany  by 
treaty. 

Mar.  n.  Declaration 
of  war  by  Guatemala 
against  Salvador, 
Nicaragua, and  Costa 
Rica :  Mexico  sides 
against  Guatemala. 

Mar.  30.  Russians 
defeat  Afghans  at 
Penjdeh. 

Mar.  30.  Pres.  P>arrios, 
of  Guatemala,  killed 
while  advancing 
against  San  Salva- 
dor. 

Mar.  31.  Colon  burned 
by  Panama  insur- 
gents. 

Mar.  31.  Indian- 
French  rebellion  in 
Northwest  Canada 
under  Riel  (who  is 
captured,  and  hung 
Nov.  16). 

Apr.  16.  Peace  con- 
cluded between  Cen- 
tral American  re- 
publics. 

Apr.  21.  King  of  Hcl- 
gium  assumes  sov- 
ereignty over  Congo 
State. 

Apr.  24.  Panama  taken 
possession  of  by  U. 
S.  troops  for  protec- 
tion of  property. 
(Restored  later  to 
Colombian  govt.) 

May  7.  Deatli  of  El 
^Iahdi. 

May  15.  Eartlii]uakcs 
desolate  Vale  of 
Cedar. 

.Sept.  22.  Cyclone 
swcei}s  over  Orissa 
and  Hay  of  I>engal,_ 
destroying  yxy  lives.' 

Dec.  3.  I'larthquakc 
>n  Algeria. 

1S86 

Jan.  25.  liarillas  elect- 
ed Prcst.  of  Guate- 
mala. 

A))r.  7.  Soto  elected 
Prcst.  of  Costa 
Rica. 


206 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1886  A.D.- 


A.D.  Progress  OF  Society. 


18S6 

Deaths :  Gen.  Han- 
cock, Gov.  Seymour, 
Gough,Abp.  French, 
Sir  H.  Taylor,  l.)io 
Lewis,  Von  Ranke, 
J.  R.  Bartlett,  King 
Ludwig  of  Bavaria, 
E.  P.  Whipple,_  P. 
H.  Hayne,  Liszt, 
Tilden,  J.  E.  Cooke, 
Von  Benst,  C.  A. 
Arthur,C.  F.Adams, 
Gen.  Logan, 


U.NITED  States. 


18S7  18S7 

P"eb.    16.     Women    al- 
lowed    to     vote     in 
Kansas. 
Deaths :     Bp.    Potter, 

E.  L.  Youmans,  Sir 
S.  Northcote  (F.arl 
of  Iddesleigh),  Mrs. 
Henry  Wood,  Beech- 
er.Feval,  Eads.Saxe, 
J.  T.  Raymond,  ex- 
Vice-Prest.  Wheeler, 
Mark    Hopkins,     S. 

F.  Baird,  Jenny 
Lind,  F.  V.  Hayden. 


^L•^y  1-4.  Labor  riots  in  Chicago  and  Mil- 
waukee incited  by  anarchists. 

May  6.  Kansas  City  (Mo.)  struck  by  tor- 
nado :  many  lives  and  buildings  destroyed. 

May  19.  Destructive  water  spout  at  Xenia, 
Ohio. 

June  2.  Marriage  at  the  White  House, 
Washington,  of  President  Cleveland  and 
Miss  Folsom. 

Aug.  20.  Seven  anarchists  convicted  of 
murder  for  Chicago  riots  in  May. 

Aug.  30-31.  Charleston,  S.  C,  severely 
damaged  by  an  earthquake;  over  50  per- 
sons killed  and  man}-  buildings  wrecked. 

Sept.  4.  Geronimo  and  his  band  of  Apache 
Indians  surrender  to  Gen.  Miles. 

Oct.  12.  Parts  of  Texas  and  Louisiana  de- 
vastated by  gales  and  floods ;  about  250 
lives  lost. 

Oct.  28.  Bartholdi's  statue  of  "  Liberty  En- 
lightening the  World  "  (a  gift  from  France) 
unveiled  in  N.  Y.  harbor. 

Dec.  6.  K eduction  in  tariff  duties  recom- 
mended to  Congress  by  Prest.  Cleveland. 

Numerous  labor  strikes  throughout  the  j-ear. 


1S87 

Jan.  -20.  Passage  of  presidential  electoral 
count  bill. 

Jan.  21.  Passage  of  inter-state  commerce 
bill. 

Mar.  4.  Repeal  of  tenure-of-office  act  (re- 
storing to  the  President  the  power  of  re- 
moving officials  without  consent  of  the 
Senate). 

]Mar.  4.  Passage  of  fisheries  retaliatory  bill 
(in  opposition  to  Canada). 

June  29.  Jacob  Sharp  sentenced  to  4  years 
imprisonment  and  fined  §5,000  for  bribery 
of  N,  Y.  aldermen. 


British  Empire. 


Jan.  26.  Defeat  in 
Parliament  of 

Conservative  min- 
istry (on  question 
of  governing  Ire- 
land). 

Feb.  3.  Formation 
of  Liberal  minis- 
try under  Glad- 
stone. 

Feb.  20.  Earl  of 
Aberdeen  succeeds 
Earl  of  Carnarvon 
as  Lord  Lieutenant 
of  Jreland. 

May  4.  Opening  of 
colonial  exhibition 
at  London. 

May  II.  Opening  of 
international  ex- 
hibition at  Liver- 
pool. 

June  8.  Defeat  of 
Liberal  ministry 
in  Parliament  on 
question  of  Irish 
home  rule. 

July.  Parliamentary 
elections  favorable 
to  Conservatives 
and  Liberal- 
Unionists  (i.  e.,  to 
those  opposed  to 
Irish  home  rule). 

July  21.  Formation 
of  new  Conserva- 
tive ministry  un- 
der Lord  Salis- 
bury. 

Aug.  I.  Annexa- 
tion of  Kermadec 
Islands  to  British 
Empire. 

Aug.  7.  Riots  in 
Belfast,  Ireland, 
between  Orange- 
men and  Roman 
Catholics. 

Sept.  18.  Marquis  of 
Londonderry  suc- 
ceeds Earl  of  Aber- 
deen as  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant of  Ireland. 

1S87 

M.ay  I.  Cession  of 
Cyprus  to  Great 
Britain  by  Tur- 
key. 

May  12.  Annex- 
ation of  Zululand 
to  the  British  Em- 
pire. 

May  14. 
of  the 
Palace 


Opening 
People's 
in      Lon- 


don. 


188;  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


207 


Europe,    elsewhere. 


World,  elsewhere. 


June  22.  Passage  of  law  ex- 
pelling royal  princes  from 
French  territory. 

Dec.  I.  Formation  of  a  new- 
ministry  under  Goblet. 


1887 


1886 

May  II.  Destructive  hurricane  in 
Spain. 

May  17.  Posthumous  birth  of  the 
King  of  Spain,  Alfonso  XII I . 

June  14.  Death  by  drowning  of 
Louis  II.,  King  of  Bavaria:  ac- 
cession of  his  brother,  Otto  I., 
under  regency  of  Prince  Luit- 
pold. 

Aug.  2.  Celebration  by  the  Univ.  of 
Heidelberg  of  its  500th  anniversary. 

Aug.  22.  Prince  Alexander  forcibly 
deposed  from  Bulgarian  throne. 

Aug.  27.  Earthquake  in  Greece  de- 
stroyed Coo  lives  and  many  towns. 

Sept.  I.  Prince  Alexander  restored 
to  Bulgarian  throne.  Sept.  4.  He 
abdicates  and  a  regency  is  estab- 
lished. 

Sept.  30.  Discovery  of  plot  to  assassi- 
nate Czar  of  Russia. 

Oct.  4.  Discovery  of  plot  to  destroy 
Vienna  and  assassinate  Emperor  of 
Austria. 

Nov.  10.  Prince  Waldemar,  of  Den- 
mark declines  offer  of  Bulgarian 
llirone. 


18S6 

May.    Santos  becomes 

Prest.  of  Uruguay. 
June   3.     Caccres    be- 
comes      Prcst.        of 

Peru. 
June.     Selman  elected 

Prest.   of  Argentine 

Republic. 
Sept.  23.     French  kill 

500   Chinese   pirates 

near  Tonquin. 
Dec.  31.  Four  hundred 

persons    crushed    to 

death    at    a   fair    at 

Madras,  India, 


May  I.-.      Sale  of    tb.e  crown 

■  May  31.      Formation  of   new 
ministry  under  Rouvi';r. 

'June      I.        I  atilicalion      of 
commercial     treaty       with 

I     Mexico. 

Dec.  4.     Election  of   Cirnot 
as  President  on  resign. ition 

1     of  Gr6vy. 
Dec.  12.     Formation  of  new 

1     ministry  under  Tirard. 


1887  ^  ,887 

!■  eb.   23.     Earthquakes    in    Southern  beb.     3.       E.xpedition 

Europe:   i,oo'j  lives  lost.  j     umler  Stanley  leaves 

.Mar.     13.       Attempt    to    assassinate      Cairo    for    rolief    of 

Czar  of  Russia.  l-^miii  Pach.a  in  Cen- 

July  7.   Election  of  Prince  Fcrdin.ind       tr;d  Africa.  (Returns 

of     Saxe-Coburg-Gotha     to    llul-j     with     Isniin,     Dec, 

g.irian  throne.  1      iF,:-\j). 

Aug.  2.     Another  attempt  to  assassi-  Feb.  •.■q-26.  Italiansde- 

nate  Czar  of  Russia.  I     fealcd  by   -Miyssnii- 

ans  near   Massowah. 

Apr.  22.       Destruction 

of    40     pcarl-f)shing 

I     vessels  off  Australian 

'     co.i.-i  :  550  lives  lost. 


208 


THE   WORLD  S   PROGRESS. 


1887  A.D. 


A. D.  Progress  of  Society. 


1S87  1887 


Mar.  26.  Meeting  of 
first  interiL^tional 
convention  of  women 
at  Washington. 

July  27.  Celebration 
at  Kieff  of  900th  an- 
niversary' of  intro- 
duction of  Christian- 
ity into  Russia. 

Oct.  20.  Gift  of  Si,- 
000,000  by  Dan. 
Hand  for  education 
of  Southern  negroes. 

Nov.  10.  Extermina- 
tion of  African  slave 
trade  resolved  upon 
by  European  powers. 

Dec.  Suspension  of 
work  on  Panama 
inter-ocean  canal. 

Deaths:  Uonamy 
Price,  Asa  Gray, 
I\Iary  Hewitt,  S'ir 
H.  S.  Maine,  Piron- 
son  Alcott,  Louisa 
Alcott,  Emperor 
William  I.,  Chief- 
Justice  Waite,  ]\rat- 
thew  Arnold,  Roscoe 
Conkling,  J.  F. 
Clarke,  F.mperor 

Frederick  HI.,  E. 
P.  Roe,  Gen.  Sheri- 
dan, Lester  Wal- 
lack,  R.  A.  Proctor, 
Wm.  Warren. 

iS8g 

Jan.  I,  Total  eclipse 
of  sun  (visible  in 
western  North 
American). 


United  States 


July  8.  Excommunication  of  Dr.  McGlynn 
in  N.  Y.  for  advocacy  of  land  theories  of 
Henry  George. 

Sept.  5.  First  observance  of  "  Labor  Day  " 
as  a  holiday  in  State  of  N.  Y,  (first  Monday 
in  Sept.). 

Sept.  15.  Celebration  in  Philadelphia  of 
centennial  of  adoption  of  U.  S.  Constitu- 
tion. 

Xov.  4.  Hanging  of  four  of  the  anarchists 
convicted  of  the  Chicago  riots  of  May, 
1884:  (one  of  the  others  had  committed 
suicide  ;  sentence  of  the  other  two  com- 
muted to  life  imprisonment). 

Dec.  23.  Strike  of  employes  of  Philadelphia 
and  Reading  R.  R. 


Jan.  12.  Blizzard  in  Northwest:  235  persons 
frozen  to  death. 

Jan.  19.  Ratification  of  extradition  treaty 
with  the  Netherlands. 

Feb.  15.  Treaty  agreed  upon  bj'  English, 
Canadian,  and  American  fisheries  commis- 
sion at  Washington.  (Rejected  by  Senate 
Aug.  21.) 

Mar.  12.  Blizzard  in  Eastern  States  :  N.  Y. 
city  blockaded  with  snowdrifts  for  several 
days  :  a  number  of  lives  lost. 

June  I.  Sheridan  made  General  of  the  army 
by  special  act  of  Congress. 

June  6.  Democratic  party  nominate  Grover 
Cleveland  and  Allen  G.  Thurman  for 
Presidency  and  Vice-Presidency. 

June  25.  Republican  pa'ty  nominate  Benja- 
min Harrison  and  Levi  P.  Morton  for 
Presidency  and  Vice-Presidency. 

Sept.  13.  Chinese  laborers  (temporarilj-  ab- 
sent) forbidden  to  return  to  U.  S. 

Oct.  20.  Adjournment  of  Congress  after  the 
longest  session  (321  days)  in  its  history. 

Oct.  30.  Dismissal  of  British  minister.  Lord 
Saokville  West,  by  U.  S.  govt,  on  account 
of  indiscreet  letter  on  American  politics. 

Nov.  6.     Election  of  Harrison  and  Morton. 


1889 

Jan.  9.     Cyclone  in  Penna.  very  destructive 

of  life  and  property. 
Feb.   2.      Fire    in    Buffalo    destroys    nearly 

§3,oco,ooo  worth  of  property. 


British  Empire. 


June  2 1.  Jubilee  cele- 
bration in  London 
of  the  50th  anni- 
versary of  Queen 
Victoria's  acces- 
sion to  the  throne. 

July  8.  Passage  of 
Irish  crimes  bill  by 
Parliament  (abol- 
ishing trial  by 
jury  in  Ireland). 

Sept.  5.  Theatre 
Royal  at  E.xeter 
burned  with  loss 
of  140  lives. 

Nov.  13.  Riots  in 
London  caused  by 
police  attempting 
to  prevent  meet- 
ing of  working- 
men  in  Trafalgar 
Square. 

1S88 

Apr.  2.  First  of  a 
series  of  brutal 
murders  of  women 
in  east  end  of 
London  :  horrible 
mutilations  of  vic- 
tims. 

Sept.  17.  First  meet- 
ing of  commission 
to  investigate  Lon- 
don 'f  im  e  s^  s 
charges  against 
Parnell  and  other 
Irish  leaders ; 
closed  Nov.  22, 
18S9,  after  129  sit- 
tings, examining 
493  witnesses,  and 
receiving  answers 
to  98,oooquestions. 


June  12.  Seventy 
children  killed  on 
an  excursion  train 


1889  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


209 


Europe,   elsewhere. 


S87 


World,  elsewher 


May  3.  Earthquake  in 
ISIexico:  150  lives 
lost. 

July  3.  King  Kala- 
kaua  grants  Hawai- 
ian islanders  more 
liberal  constitution. 


Mar.  I.  M.  Wilson,  son-in- 
law  of  ex-Prest.  Gr6vy, 
sentenced  to  two  years  im- 
prisonment for  trafficking 
in  decorations.  (The  sen- 
tence quashed  by  Court  of 
Appeals,  Mar.  26.) 

Mar.  15.  Removal  of  Gen. 
IJoulanger  from  his  com- 
mand m  the  army. 

Mar.  30.  Formation  of  new 
ministry  under  f  loquet. 

Dec.  II.  Voting  of  four 
hundred  million  francs 
(about  980,000,000)  for 
military  purposes. 


iFci/.  23.      I>: 

ministry  ur 

Mar.  9.    kcp' 

of       b;uil-.l: 

'      d'Aumalc. 


Feb.  3.  Official  announcement  of  Mar.  31.  Gen.  Flores 
treaty  of  alliance  between  Ger-  elected  Prest.  of 
many  and  Austria.  I      Ecuador. 

Mar.  9.  Accession  of  Frederick  III.  June  11.  Lord  Stan- 
to  German  throne  on  death  of  his  ley  succeeds  the 
Father,  William  I.  Marquis     of     Lans- 

Mar.  31.     Adoption  of  trial   by  jury      downe  as   Governor- 

in  Spain.  General  of  Canada. 

June  15.  Accession  of  William  II.  June  18.  Great  floods 
to  German  throne  on  death  of  his  in  Mexico:  700 people 
father,  Frederick  III.  drowned. 

July   q.         Gen.    Diaz 
re-elected    Prest.    of 
Mexico. 
July      27.        Volcanic 
eruptions   in  Japan  : 
1,000  lives  lost. 
July    30.       Dr.     Paul 
becomes      Prest.     of 
Venezuela. 
Aug.    I.     Opening    of 
international      exhi- 
bition at   Melbourne 
in  celebration  of  cen- 
tennial   of     founda- 
tion of   New    South 
Wales. 
Oct.  17.     Gen.   Legiti- 
me   elected  Pre:,t.  of 
Ilayti. 


"')  .   .  .  '8S9 

iiiiatir'n  fif  new  Jan.  30.     Suicide  of  crown  prince  of  Feb.  i.i.     New  consti- 
•  I'-r  ■]  irard.  .Austria.  I     tion    for  Japan   pro- 

al  of  thr  decree  .Mar.  6.     Abdication  of  King  William'     claimed,     with     two 
n;ci;t     lA      Due      of  Servia  in  favor  of  lii>  son   Alex-I      legislative  chambers. 


andc 


ij  years 


.Id. 


2IO 


THE   world's   progress. 


1889  A.D. 


Progress  of  Society.: 


United  States. 


British  Empire. 


Jan.  1.  Electricity 
substituted  for  hang- 
ing as  death  penalty 


Feb.   II.      Creation   of    the  Department    of 
Agriculture  in  national  government. 
Mar.  4.     Inauguration  of  Prest.  Harrison, 
in  N.  Y.  (for  crimesiApr.  22.     Oklahoma  opened  to  white  settle- 
committed  after  this;     ment. 

date).  JApr.   29-May   1.      Celebration  at   N.   Y.   of 

July    20.         Close    ofi     centennial  of  AVashington's  inauguration, 
workers' congress  at  May  31.     Breaking  of  dam   in   Conemaugh 
Paris.  j     valley  destroys  over  5,000  lives  at  Johns- 

Aug.  28.   Cityof_Paris\     town,  Pa. 
crosses  Atlantic  in  5!  Aug.  14.  Judge  Terry  shot  by  U.  S.  Marshall; 
days,      19     hrs.,     i8j     Nagle  in  Califoraia  in  defence  of  Justice 
mins.,    the    shortest!     Field. 

time  on  record.       _    'Oct.  2.     Opening  of  the  Pan-American  con- 
Sept.  23.  Close  of  rail-|     ference  at  Washington, 
road       congress      at  Nov.  2.     Admission  as  States  of  North  and 
Paris.                                 South    Dakota;    7,   of    Montana;     11,    01 
Oct.    16.      Opening  of|-^ 


international  mari- 
time congress  at 
Washington. 

Nov.  6.  Completion  of 
the  Forth  Bridge 
(Scot land),  the  great- 
est work  of  its  kind 
in  the  world. 

Nov.  22,  Commence- 
ment of  work  on 
Nicaragua  inter- 
ocean  canal. 

Final  abolition  of 
slavery  in  Brazil. 

Deaths  :  S.  A.  AUi- 
bone.  Prince  Ru- 
dolph of  Austria, 
Laura  Bridgman, 
John  Bright,  Eliza 
Cook,  John  Erics- 
son, S.  C.  Hall, 
Hallitt-ell-Phillipps, 
King  Luis  of  Portu- 
gal, J\L  F.  Tapper, 
Ulbach,  J.  G.Wood, 
F.  A.  P.  Barnard, 
Simon  Cameron, 
Maria  Mitchell, 
T.  D.  Woolsey, 
Wilkie  Collins,  Jeff. 
Davis,  Rob.  Brown- 
ing. 


.  Washington. 
Nov.    13.     Opening   at    AVashington    of    the 

Roman  Catholic  Univ.  of  America. 
Ballot   reform   laws   adopted    by    11    States 

during  1887 


July  1-29.  Visit  of 
Shah  of  Persia. 

July  27.  Marriage 
of  Princess  Louise 
of  Wales  to  the 
Duke  of  Fife. 

Oct.  5.  Earl  of  Zet- 
land succeeds  the 
Marquis  of  Lon- 
donderry as  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ire- 
land. 

Numerous  prolonged 
strikes  during  1889 
kept  thousands  of 
workmen  out  of 
work  and  caused 
much  suffering  in 
England. 


1889  A.D. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  RECORD. 


211 


France. 


May  4.  Centennial  cele- 
bration of  the  opening  of 
the  States-General  at  Ver- 
sailles. 

May  6.  Opening  of  inter- 
national exhibition  at 
Paris. 

July  9.  Passage  of  army  bill 
making  service  universal. 

July  14.  Centennial  cele- 
bration of  the  fall  of  the 
l!astile. 

July  15.  Passage  of  bill  for- 
bidding candidates  to  ap- 
pear in  more  than  one  con- 
stituency. 

Aug.  12.  Condemnation  of 
Gen.  Boulanger  to  per- 
petual imprisonment.  (He 
takes  refuge  in  Great 
Britain.) 

Sept.  22.  General  election 
favorable  to  tlie  Repub- 
licans. 


EuKOTE,    elsewhere. 


Mar.  29-May  17.  Discovery  of 
various  plots  to  assassinate  Czar  of 
Russia. 

Apr.  2.  King  William  of  Holland 
pronounced  mentally  unable  to 
govern.  (He  subsequently  re- 
covers.) 

Apr.  25.  Prince  Frederick  of  Hohen- 
zollern  proclaimed  heir  to  Rou- 
manian throne. 

Apr.  29.  Meeting  at  Berlin  of  dele- 
gates from  United  States,  Ger- 
many, and  England  to  arrange 
Sanioan  affairs. 

May.  Formidable  strike  of  miners 
in  Germany. 

July  2.  King  Alexander  of  Servia 
anointed  at  Zitcha. 

July  27.  Discovery  of  plot  to  blow 
up  the  Vatican. 

A.ug.  3.     Insurrection  in  Crete. 

Aug.  17.  Destructive  hurricane  at 
Granada. 

Sept.  6.  Explosion  in  cartridge  fac- 
tory at  Antwerp  :  125  persons 
killed,  200  others  wounded.  I 

Oct.  19.  Accession  of  Carlos  I.  to| 
Portuguese  throne  on  death  of  his; 
father,  Luis  I.  I 

Dec.  General  epidemic  of  influenza 
in  Europe. 


World,  elsewhere. 


Feb.  25.  Marriage  of 
Emperor  of  China. 

1  Mar.  16.  Violent  hur- 
ricane at  Samoa ; 
three  German  and 
three  Americanmen- 
of-war  driven  on 
shore. 

Mar.  16.  Mahdist 
forces  defeated  with 
loss  in  Africa. 

Apr.  3.  King  John  of 
Abyssinia  defeated 
and  slain, 

Apr.  ID.  Death  at 
Molokai,  Hawaii,  of 
Father  Damien,  the 

i     leper  priest. 

July  3.     Dervishes  de- 

[      feated  by  Egyptians. 

Aug.  3.  Dervishes  de- 
feated by  English  in 
Egypt. 

Aug.  II.  Insurrection 
in  Hawaii. 

Oct.  17.  Gen.  Hyppo- 
lite  chosen  Prest.  of 
Hayti  (after  a  year's 
war  with   Legitime). 

Sept.  4.  Egyptians  de- 
feated by  dervishes 
near  Suakim. 

Nov.  13.  Expulsion 
of  Brazilian  Emperor 
and  establishment  of 
a  republic. 


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